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Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Sep 2021To investigate whether participation in sport during the developmental stages of life is associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in adulthood. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVES
To investigate whether participation in sport during the developmental stages of life is associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in adulthood.
DESIGN
Observational longitudinal study.
METHODS
Participants were Generation 2 of the Raine Study. Questionnaires related to participation in sport were administered at ages 5, 8, 10, 14 and 17 years. These data were used to develop sex-specific trajectories of sports participation: (for males) Consistent Participators, Drop-Outs and Joiners; and (females) Consistent Participators, Non-Participators and Drop-Outs. At age 28.3 ± 0.6 years, participants completed a graded maximal exercise test (i.e. V̇Opeak test). A General Linear Model assessed differences in CRF between trajectories.
RESULTS
402 participants n = 231 (57.5%) male, n = 171 (42.5%) female were included in the study. In males, Consistent Participators (all p < 0.001) and Joiners (p < 0.050) had greater fitness than Drop-Outs. In females, Consistent Participators had greater fitness than Non-Participators (p < 0.050), but there were no significant differences in fitness between Consistent Participators and Drop-Outs (p > 0.050) or Non-Participators and Drop-Outs (p > 0.050).
CONCLUSION
Participation in sport during childhood and adolescence is associated with greater fitness in adulthood, compared to individuals who never participate or those that cease participation in adolescence. A simple dichotomous question regarding sports participation over the childhood and adolescent period can be implemented to predict better fitness outcomes in young adulthood. Childhood and adolescence could be an opportune stage in life for parents, schools and governments to facilitate participation in sport and prevent drop out, as it may have an impact on long term risk reduction, with associated health and economic benefits.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Cardiorespiratory Fitness; Child; Child, Preschool; Exercise Test; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Linear Models; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Surveys and Questionnaires; Youth Sports
PubMed: 34059468
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.05.004 -
Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation... 2023The primary aim was to describe sports participation of Dutch children and adolescents with lower limb deficiencies (LLD). The secondary aim was to explore perceived...
PURPOSE
The primary aim was to describe sports participation of Dutch children and adolescents with lower limb deficiencies (LLD). The secondary aim was to explore perceived limitations concerning sports participation.
METHODS
A total of 103 children and adolescents with LLD, aged 8-18 years (mean 11.7 years), were asked about their sports participation using a study-specific self-report questionnaire.
RESULTS
Children and adolescents with LLD frequently (78%) participated in sports activities, and most of them (68%) participated in the sport of their preference. Just over half of all children (52%) perceived an inability to participate in specific sports. Physical performance (running) and endurance were mentioned as the most limiting factors in participating in certain sports.
CONCLUSION
Children and adolescents with LLD in the Netherlands participate in a variety of sports. Despite dependency on lower limb prostheses in most cases, children and adolescents with LLD have a high potentiality of participating in sports.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Child; Sports; Surveys and Questionnaires; Lower Extremity; Self Report; Ethnicity
PubMed: 36314225
DOI: 10.3233/PRM-210066 -
Public Health Apr 2022The aim of the present analysis is to identify the reasons for accepting or rejecting the invitation to be screened by the Faecal Immunochemical Test as part of the free...
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the present analysis is to identify the reasons for accepting or rejecting the invitation to be screened by the Faecal Immunochemical Test as part of the free Danish screening programme for colorectal cancer (CRC).
STUDY DESIGN
A cross-sectional representative survey of 15,072 Danish citizens aged 50-80 years was collected in 2019 via a Web-based questionnaire administered by Statistics Denmark. Among the net sample of 6807 respondents (45%), 177 were excluded because of current treatment for colorectal disease.
METHODS
To determine the reasons for accepting or refusing the invitation to be screened for CRC, a latent class analysis was conducted, which allowed participants to provide several reasons for acceptance or rejection of screening.
RESULTS
The most important reason for participating in CRC screening was the active public programme. A further reason for participation was the perceived risk for CRC, mainly in combination with the public programme. The reasons for participation did not differ between individuals who had participated and those who intended to participate when offered. Among participants who declined screening, the most frequent reasons were that they forgot to participate or that they were concerned about the unpleasant test procedure. Among individuals who intended to decline screening, a perceived low risk for CRC was the most frequently cited reason.
CONCLUSIONS
Recommendation from a general practitioner (GP) was not given as a frequent reason for CRC screening participation which is discussed as a challenge to participation rates in population based screening program The main reasons reported for non-participation in CRC screening (i.e. forgot to participate or the unpleasant test procedure) might be addressed by a stronger endorsement from GPs.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Cross-Sectional Studies; Early Detection of Cancer; Humans; Mass Screening; Occult Blood
PubMed: 35248951
DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.01.010 -
JAMA Network Open Aug 2022Many randomized clinical trials (RCTs) led by high-income countries (HICs) now enroll patients from lower middle-income countries (LMICs) and upper middle-income...
IMPORTANCE
Many randomized clinical trials (RCTs) led by high-income countries (HICs) now enroll patients from lower middle-income countries (LMICs) and upper middle-income countries (UMICs). Although enrolling diverse populations promotes research collaborations, there are issues regarding which countries participate in RCTs and how this participation may contribute to global research.
OBJECTIVE
To describe which UMICs and LMICs participate in RCTs led by HICs.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
A cross-sectional study of all oncology RCTs published globally during January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2017, was conducted. The study cohort was restricted to RCTs led by HICs that enrolled participants from LMICs and UMICs. Study analyses were conducted in November 1, 2021, to May 31, 2022.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
A bibliometric approach (Web of Science 2007-2017) was used to explore whether RCT participation was proportional to other measures of cancer research activity. Participation in RCTs (ie, percentage of RCTs in the cohort in which each LMIC and UMIC participated) was compared with country-level cancer research bibliometric output (ie, percentage of total cancer research bibliometric output from the same group of countries that came from a specific LMIC and UMIC).
RESULTS
Among the 636 HIC-led RCTs, 186 trials (29%) enrolled patients in LMICs (n = 84 trials involving 11 LMICs) and/or UMICs (n = 181 trials involving 26 UMICs). The most common participating LMICs were India (42 [50%]), Ukraine (39 [46%]), Philippines (23 [27%]), and Egypt (12 [14%]). The most common participating UMICs were Russia (115 [64%]), Brazil (94 [52%]), Romania (62 [34%]), China (56 [31%]), Mexico (56 [31%]), and South Africa (54 [30%]). Several LMICs are overrepresented in the cohort of RCTs based on proportional cancer research bibliometric output: Ukraine (46% of RCTs but 2% of cancer research bibliometric output), Philippines (27% RCTs, 1% output), and Georgia (8% RCTs, 0.2% output). Overrepresented UMICs include Russia (64% RCTs, 2% output), Romania (34% RCTs, 2% output), Mexico (31% RCTs, 2% output), and South Africa (30% RCTs, 1% output).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this cross-sectional study, a substantial proportion of RCTs led by HICs enrolled patients in LMICs and UMICs. The LMICs and UMICs that participated in these trials did not match overall cancer bibliometric output as a surrogate for research ecosystem maturity. Reasons for this apparent discordance and how these data may inform future capacity-strengthening activities require further study.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Humans; Income; India; Research Report
PubMed: 35980637
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.27252 -
BMC Public Health Jan 2022Interventions that increase population physical activity are required to promote health and wellbeing. parkrun delivers community-based, 5 km events worldwide yet 43%...
Interventions that increase population physical activity are required to promote health and wellbeing. parkrun delivers community-based, 5 km events worldwide yet 43% who register never participate in a parkrun event. This research had two objectives; i) explore the demographics of people who register for parkrun in United Kingdom, Australia, Ireland, and don't initiate or maintain participation ii) understand the barriers to participating in parkrun amongst these people. Mandatory data at parkrun registration provided demographic characteristics of parkrun registrants. A bespoke online survey distributed across the three countries captured the reasons for not participating or only participating once. Of 680,255 parkrun registrants between 2017 and 19, 293,542 (43%) did not participate in any parkrun events and 147,148 (22%) only participated in one parkrun event. Females, 16-34 years and physically inactive were more likely to not participate or not return to parkrun. Inconvenient start time was the most frequently reported barrier to participating, with females more likely than males to report the psychological barrier of feeling too unfit to participate. Co-creating strategies with and for people living with a chronic disease, women, young adults, and physically inactive people, could increase physical activity participation within parkrun.
Topics: Australia; Exercise; Female; Health Promotion; Humans; Male; Surveys and Questionnaires; United Kingdom; Young Adult
PubMed: 35027014
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12546-w -
European Journal of Cancer Prevention :... May 2023Today, women 50 years of age are offered three types of cancer screening in France. However, participation is not optimal. The aim was to describe (1) participation in...
BACKGROUND
Today, women 50 years of age are offered three types of cancer screening in France. However, participation is not optimal. The aim was to describe (1) participation in organised breast cancer screening (OS) of women aged 56 years old, and the influence of this participation on colorectal and cervical cancer screening, (2) the reasons for non-participation in breast cancer OS, and (3) the reasons for screening before age 50.
METHODS
A questionnaire was sent to 56-year-old women in four French departments to identify their participation behaviour in three breast cancer OS invitations and their reasons for non-participation. Three groups were determined according to the number of participations in breast cancer OS (3, 1-2 and 0). We described the quantitative responses and grouped the qualitative responses thematically.
RESULTS
A total of 4634 women responded to the questionnaire. Seventy-six percent had undergone all three breast cancer OS, 16% irregular and 7% non-participant. Among women who irregularly perform breast cancer OS, 50.5% also irregularly perform colorectal cancer OS. Women who participated in all three invitations for the breast cancer OS performed more smear tests than women in the other groups. Many of the irregular participants or non-participants underwent opportunistic screening, often initiated before the age of 50. The reasons for non-participation in breast cancer OS were mainly medical or participation in opportunistic screening.
CONCLUSION
There is no fundamental opposition to participation in breast cancer screening. However, it remains of the utmost importance that women should be better informed about OS and its benefits.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Mammography; Early Detection of Cancer; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Mass Screening
PubMed: 36779309
DOI: 10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000777 -
BMC Medical Ethics Aug 2022The twenty-first century has witnessed an exponential increase in healthcare quality research. As such activities become more prevalent, physicians are increasingly...
BACKGROUND
The twenty-first century has witnessed an exponential increase in healthcare quality research. As such activities become more prevalent, physicians are increasingly needed to participate as subjects in research and quality improvement (QI) projects. This raises an important ethical question: how should physicians be remunerated for participating as research and/or QI subjects?
FINANCIAL VERSUS NON-MONETARY INCENTIVES FOR PARTICIPATION
Research suggests participation in research and QI is often driven by conditional altruism, the idea that although initial interest in enrolling in research is altruistic or prosocial, decisions to actually perform study tasks are cost-benefit driven. Thus, the three models commonly employed to appropriately compensate participants (in-kind compensation such as travel reimbursement, paying market rates for the subject's time, and paying market rates for the activity asked of the participant) are a poor fit when the participant is a clinician, largely due to the asymmetry between cost and benefit or value to the participant. Non-monetary alternatives such as protected time for participation, continuing education or maintenance of certification credit, or professional development materials, can provide viable avenues for reducing this asymmetry.
CONCLUSION
Research and QI are integral to the betterment of medicine and healthcare. To increase physician participation in these activities as the subject of study, new models are needed that clarify the physician's role in research and QI as a subject. Non-monetary approaches are recommended to successfully and ethically encourage research and QI participation, and thus incorporate these activities as a normal part of the ethical clinician's and successful learning healthcare system's world view.
Topics: Certification; Health Services Research; Humans; Physicians; Quality Improvement; Quality of Health Care
PubMed: 35964081
DOI: 10.1186/s12910-022-00817-5 -
BMC Medical Research Methodology Jan 2022To pursue high quality research, successful participant recruitment is essential, but recruitment rates are often low. This is specifically true in target populations...
BACKGROUND
To pursue high quality research, successful participant recruitment is essential, but recruitment rates are often low. This is specifically true in target populations with impairments, for instance, among stroke survivors. Previous studies focusing on recruitment have mainly relied on information from professionals, and there is therefore a need to contribute with new methodological insights to how potential rehabilitation research participants describe their interest and preferences to participate in research. The purpose of this study was to generate knowledge about stroke survivors' interest in participating in rehabilitation research, reasons for being interested or not, and preferred forms and foci of rehabilitation interventions. An additional aim was to describe preferences regarding survey administration modes and processes for recruitment to studies.
METHOD
This cross-sectional study recruited Swedish residents who had sustained a stroke, initially by using advertisement on the National Stroke Association's website, flyers posted at local occupational and physical therapy offices and at local stroke/senior organization meetings. Secondly, participants were recruited through a local stroke register. The survey, administered either in a paper form returned by postal mail; online or as a phone interview with 128 stroke survivors.
RESULTS
Most of the participants were interested in participating in rehabilitation research, particularly younger persons (p = 0.001) and those closer to stroke onset (p = 0.047). Contribution to research, possibility to try new rehabilitation interventions and meeting others in the same situation were reasons that attracted an interest to participate. Other important aspects were related to motivation, individual needs, as well as how skilled the people who provided the intervention were. Participants preferred group-based programs, and programs focusing on regaining lost functions were highly requested. A majority wanted to be contacted through postal mail (70%) and most of them (90%) used the paper form to respond to the survey.
CONCLUSIONS
A range of personal and external aspects, including challenges related to digitized administration modes, should be considered to achieve high participation rates in rehabilitation research targeting stroke survivors. The importance of addressing individual needs and prerequisites in an individualized manner should not be underestimated and might be a useful strategy to recruitment success.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Rehabilitation Research; Stroke; Stroke Rehabilitation; Survivors
PubMed: 35094690
DOI: 10.1186/s12874-022-01521-z -
Medical Decision Making : An... Jan 2014Participation in cancer clinical trials is low, particularly in racial and ethnic minorities in some cases, which has negative consequences for the generalizability for...
BACKGROUND
Participation in cancer clinical trials is low, particularly in racial and ethnic minorities in some cases, which has negative consequences for the generalizability for study findings. The objective of this study was to determine what factors are associated with patients' participation or willingness to participate and whether these factors vary by race/ethnicity.
DESIGN
or
METHODS
. White, Hispanic, and black participants were obtained through the Florida cancer registry and who were diagnosed with breast, lung, colorectal, or prostate cancer (N = 1100). Participants were surveyed via telephone to obtain demographic information, past participation, and willingness to participate in clinical trials, as well as barriers and facilitators to participation. Logistic and Poisson regressions were performed.
RESULTS
. Respondents were on average 67.4 years old, 42.7% were male, and 50.1% were married. In this population, 7.7% of respondents had participated in a clinical trial, and 36.5% stated that they would be willing to participate. In multivariate models, blacks and Hispanics were equally likely as whites to be willing to participate in cancer trials, but Hispanics were less likely to have participated, and this was especially more likely in non-English-speaking Hispanics compared with English-speaking Hispanics. Notable barriers across race/ethnicity were mistrust and lack of knowledge of clinical trials. Limitations. Cross-sectional design limits cause-and-effect conclusions.
CONCLUSIONS
. There are racial differences in participation rates but not in willingness to participate. We hypothesize that willingness to participate is not very high because people are uninformed about participating, particularly in non-English-speaking Hispanics. Barriers and facilitators to participation vary by race. Improved understanding of cultural differences that can be addressed by physicians may restore faith, comprehension, and acceptability of clinical trials by all patients.
Topics: Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Florida; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Patient Participation
PubMed: 23897588
DOI: 10.1177/0272989X13497264 -
American Heart Journal Aug 2019Thrill-seeking activities are a favorite pastime for people of all ages. Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are often barred from participation on the basis...
BACKGROUND
Thrill-seeking activities are a favorite pastime for people of all ages. Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are often barred from participation on the basis of danger for arrhythmias. Our aim was to collect information regarding the safety of thrill-seeking activities for HCM patients.
METHODS
An anonymous online survey invited adult HCM patients to report participation in 11 activities (rollercoaster riding, jet skiing, rafting, bungee jumping, rappelling, paragliding, kayaking/canoeing, motor racing, snowboarding, BASE jumping and skydiving) before and after HCM diagnosis, along with major (ICD shock, syncope) or minor (nausea, dizziness, palpitations, chest pain) adverse events related to participation, and relevant physician advice.
RESULTS
Six hundred forty-seven HCM patients completed the survey, with 571 (88.2%) reporting participation in ≥1 TSAs (participant age 50.85 ± 14.21, 56.6% female, 8143 post-diagnosis participations). At time of survey, 457 participants (70.6%) were ICD-carriers or had ≥1 risk factor for sudden cardiac death. Nine (1.5%) participants reported a major event during or immediately after (60 minutes) of surveyed activity. Minor adverse events were reported by 181 participants (31.6%). In addition, 8 participants reported a major adverse event >60 minutes later but within the same day. Regarding physician advice, of the 213 responders (32.9%) receiving specific advice, 56 (26.2%) were told safety data is absent with no definitive recommendation, while 24 (11.2%) and 93 (43.6%) were told TSAs were respectively safe or dangerous.
CONCLUSIONS
In this cohort, participation in thrill-seeking activities rarely caused major adverse events. This information can be used for shared-decision making between providers and patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Attitude of Health Personnel; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Decision Making, Shared; Defibrillators, Implantable; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Preference; Physicians; Risk Assessment; Risk-Taking; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 31152873
DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2019.04.001