-
Current Issues in Molecular Biology 2020Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is considered the main cause of reproductive disorders in pigs, which are summarized under the acronym SMEDI (stillbirth, mummification,...
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is considered the main cause of reproductive disorders in pigs, which are summarized under the acronym SMEDI (stillbirth, mummification, embryonic death, and infertility). In this review the biology of the virus and its structure, pathogenic potential and strain variation, as well as the disease induced by the virus, are described. Known aspects of pathogenesis, diagnosis and prevention, particularly by vaccination, are summarized. Furthermore, in recent years 'new' parvoviruses (PPV2 to 7) have been described in pigs. They have been detected in pigs from various parts of the world and their association with clinical signs or disease will be discussed.
Topics: Animals; Communicable Diseases, Emerging; Drug Development; Genome, Viral; Genomics; Host Specificity; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus, Porcine; Phylogeny; Swine; Swine Diseases; Viral Tropism; Viral Vaccines
PubMed: 31822635
DOI: 10.21775/cimb.037.033 -
Archives of Virology May 2022In this study, genetic counterparts of the human-stool-associated tusavirus (subfamily Parvovirinae, family Parvoviridae) with >97% and 95-100% amino acid sequence...
In this study, genetic counterparts of the human-stool-associated tusavirus (subfamily Parvovirinae, family Parvoviridae) with >97% and 95-100% amino acid sequence identity in the parvoviral NS1 and VP1 protein were identified in faecal specimens from domestic goats (Capra hircus) and sheep (Ovis aries) in Hungary. Eleven (17.8%) of the 62 faecal specimens from goats and 12 (25.5%) of the 47 from sheep both from less than 12 months old animals were positive for tusavirus DNA by PCR, while none of the specimens collected from cattle and swine were positive. Thus, it cannot be ruled out that tusavirus infection in humans is of zoonotic origin.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Feces; Goats; Humans; Parvoviridae; Parvovirinae; Parvovirus; Sheep; Swine
PubMed: 35355143
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05424-8 -
Archives of Virology Apr 2022In this study, a novel parvovirus (zander/M5/2015/HUN, OK236393) was detected in faecal specimens from a fish - zander or pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) - and...
In this study, a novel parvovirus (zander/M5/2015/HUN, OK236393) was detected in faecal specimens from a fish - zander or pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) - and genetically characterized using viral metagenomics and PCR methods. The NS1 and VP1 proteins of zander/M5/2015/HUN share <30% aa sequence identity, respectively, with the corresponding proteins of known members of the family Parvoviridae. Out of 62 faecal specimens collected from 13 freshwater fish species, three (4.8%) samples were positive by PCR for the novel parvovirus - all from zander. This is the second parvovirus detected in fish - after the disease-causing tilapia parvovirus of the subfamily Hamaparvovirinae - and it potentially represents a novel genus in the subfamily Parvovirinae.
Topics: Animals; Fresh Water; Parvoviridae; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirinae; Parvovirus
PubMed: 35278130
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05419-5 -
Veterinary Microbiology Feb 2012Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) emerged in late 1970s causing severe epizootics in kennels and dog shelters worldwide. Soon after its emergence, CPV-2 underwent genetic... (Review)
Review
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) emerged in late 1970s causing severe epizootics in kennels and dog shelters worldwide. Soon after its emergence, CPV-2 underwent genetic evolution giving rise consecutively to two antigenic variants, CPV-2a and CPV-2b that replaced progressively the original type. In 2000, a new antigenic variant, CPV-2c, was detected in Italy and rapidly spread to several countries. In comparison to the original type CPV-2, the antigenic variants display increased pathogenicity in dogs and extended host range, being able to infect and cause disease in cats. Epidemiological survey indicate that the newest type CPV-2c is becoming prevalent in different geographic regions and is often associated to severe disease in adult dogs and also in dogs that have completed the vaccination protocols. However, the primary cause of failure of CPV vaccination is interference by maternally derived immunity. Diagnosis of CPV infection by traditional methods has been shown to be poorly sensitive, especially in the late stages of infections. New diagnostic approaches based on molecular methods have been developed for sensitive detection of CPV in clinical samples and rapid characterisation of the viral type. Continuous surveillance will help assess whether there is a real need to update currently available vaccines and diagnostic tests.
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Italy; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus, Canine; Vaccination
PubMed: 21962408
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.09.007 -
Virus Research May 2022The analysis of the viruses allocated to the recently established Brevihamaparvovirus genus (Parvoviridae family), which includes all previously known brevidensoviruses,...
The analysis of the viruses allocated to the recently established Brevihamaparvovirus genus (Parvoviridae family), which includes all previously known brevidensoviruses, has not yet been carried out on an extensive basis. As a result, no detailed genetic lineage characterization has ever been performed for this group of insect-specific viruses. Using a wide range of molecular tools, we have explored this taxon by calculating Shannon entropy values, intra- and inter-taxon genetic distances, analysed sequence polymorphisms, and evaluated selective pressures acting on the viral genome. While the calculated Brevihamaparvovirus mutation rates were within the range of those of other parvoviruses, their genomes look to be under strong purifying selection, and are also characterized by low diversity and entropy. Furthermore, even though recombination events are quite common among parvoviruses, no evidence of recombination (either intra or intergenic) was found in the Brevihamaparvoviruses sequences analyzed. An extended taxonomic analysis and reevaluation of existing Brevihamaparvoviruses sequences, many still unclassified, was performed using cut-off values defining NS1 identity between viral sequences from the Parvovirus family. Two existing genetic lineages, Dipteran Brevihamaparvovirus 1 and Dipteran Brevihamaparvovirus 2, were rearranged and the creation of a new one, Dipteran Brevihamaparvovirus 3, was suggested. Finally, despite the uncertainties associated with both the time estimates of the most recent common ancestors, which could span from twenty thousand years before the current era to way earlier (in the last century), and the dispersal routes proposed for Brevihamaparvoviruses sequences by phylodynamic reconstruction, the analyses here presented could help define how future studies should be conducted as more isolates continue to be identified in the future, and contribute to eliminating possible analytical biases.
Topics: Animals; Genome, Viral; Insect Viruses; Insecta; Parvoviridae; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus; Phylogeny
PubMed: 35257793
DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198728 -
Viruses Nov 2019The family Parvoviridae includes an ample and most diverse collection of viruses. Exploring the biological diversity and the inherent complexity in these apparently...
The family Parvoviridae includes an ample and most diverse collection of viruses. Exploring the biological diversity and the inherent complexity in these apparently simple viruses has been a continuous commitment for the scientific community since their first discovery more than fifty years ago. The Special Issue of 'Viruses' dedicated to the 'New Insights into Parvovirus Research' aimed at presenting a 'state of the art' in many aspects of research in the field, at collecting the newest contributions on unresolved issues, and at presenting new approaches exploiting systemic (-omic) methodologies.
Topics: Animals; Disease Susceptibility; Drug Discovery; Humans; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus; Research; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 31766142
DOI: 10.3390/v11111053 -
Viruses Oct 2017The (PtPV) genus of the family of viruses includes important animal pathogens and reference molecular models for the entire family. Some virus members of the PtPV... (Review)
Review
The (PtPV) genus of the family of viruses includes important animal pathogens and reference molecular models for the entire family. Some virus members of the PtPV genus have arisen as promising tools to treat tumoral processes, as they exhibit marked oncotropism and oncolytic activities while being nonpathogenic for humans. The PtPVs invade and replicate within the nucleus making extensive use of the transport, transcription and replication machineries of the host cells. In order to reach the nucleus, PtPVs need to cross over several intracellular barriers and traffic through different cell compartments, which limit their infection efficiency. In this review we summarize molecular interactions, capsid structural transitions and hijacking of cellular processes, by which the PtPVs enter and deliver their single-stranded DNA genome into the host cell nucleus. Understanding mechanisms that govern the complex PtPV entry will be instrumental in developing approaches to boost their anticancer therapeutic potential and improving their safety profile.
Topics: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; Animals; Capsid; Capsid Proteins; Cell Nucleus; DNA, Viral; Genome, Viral; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Models, Molecular; Oncolytic Virotherapy; Parvovirus; Virus Internalization; Virus Replication
PubMed: 29072600
DOI: 10.3390/v9110313 -
Viruses Jul 2021Parvoviruses are small single-stranded (ss) DNA viruses, which replicate in the nucleoplasm and affect both the structure and function of the nucleus. The nuclear stage... (Review)
Review
Parvoviruses are small single-stranded (ss) DNA viruses, which replicate in the nucleoplasm and affect both the structure and function of the nucleus. The nuclear stage of the parvovirus life cycle starts at the nuclear entry of incoming capsids and culminates in the successful passage of progeny capsids out of the nucleus. In this review, we will present past, current, and future microscopy and biochemical techniques and demonstrate their potential in revealing the dynamics and molecular interactions in the intranuclear processes of parvovirus infection. In particular, a number of advanced techniques will be presented for the detection of infection-induced changes, such as DNA modification and damage, as well as protein-chromatin interactions.
Topics: Animals; Capsid Proteins; Cell Nucleus; Host Microbial Interactions; Humans; Mice; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus; Virus Replication
PubMed: 34372512
DOI: 10.3390/v13071306 -
Viruses Jun 2021Parvovirus infections in cats have been well known for around 100 years. Recently, the use of molecular assays and metagenomic approaches for virus discovery and... (Review)
Review
Parvovirus infections in cats have been well known for around 100 years. Recently, the use of molecular assays and metagenomic approaches for virus discovery and characterization has led to the detection of novel parvovirus lineages and/or species infecting the feline host. However, the involvement of emerging parvoviruses in the onset of gastroenteritis or other feline diseases is still uncertain.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Domestic; Cat Diseases; Cats; Metagenomics; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus; Phylogeny
PubMed: 34200079
DOI: 10.3390/v13061077 -
Current Opinion in Virology Aug 2014Members of the Parvoviridae utilize glycan receptors for cellular attachment and subsequent interactions determine transduction efficiency or pathogenic outcome. This... (Review)
Review
Members of the Parvoviridae utilize glycan receptors for cellular attachment and subsequent interactions determine transduction efficiency or pathogenic outcome. This review focuses on the identity of the glycan receptors utilized, their capsid binding footprints, and a discussion of the overlap of these sites with tropism, transduction, and pathogenicity determinants. Despite high sequence diversity between the different genera, most parvoviruses bind to negatively charged glycans, such as sialic acid and heparan sulfate, abundant on cell surface membranes. The capsid structure of these viruses exhibit high structural homology enabling common regions to be utilized for glycan binding. At the same time the sequence diversity at the common footprints allows for binding of different glycans or differential binding of the same glycan.
Topics: Animals; Capsid Proteins; Humans; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus; Polysaccharides; Receptors, Virus
PubMed: 25047752
DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2014.05.007