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Archives of Virology Aug 2021Porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) is a major cause of reproductive failure in pigs. To date, six additional porcine parvoviruses (PPV2-PPV7) have been identified. In this...
Porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) is a major cause of reproductive failure in pigs. To date, six additional porcine parvoviruses (PPV2-PPV7) have been identified. In this study, we detected 11 PPV1 strains, five PPV3 strains, three PPV4 strains, six PPV5 strains, five PPV6 strains, and one PPV7 strain in Korean wild boars. PPV1, -3, and -5, and PPV6 from Korean wild boars harbor conserved motifs within the Ca binding loop and the catalytic center of the PLA1 motif. Intra-species recombination among PPV7 strains was also identified. Genetic characterization revealed that PPV1 from Korean wild boars may be similar to virulent PPV strains.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; DNA, Viral; Female; Genotyping Techniques; Male; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus, Porcine; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; Sus scrofa; Swine
PubMed: 33999261
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05106-x -
Viruses Jun 2022(1) Background: This study aimed to determine the risk factors for outbreaks of feline panleukopenia in shelters. (2) Methods: Four shelters (A−D) with 150 cats were...
(1) Background: This study aimed to determine the risk factors for outbreaks of feline panleukopenia in shelters. (2) Methods: Four shelters (A−D) with 150 cats were included. Fecal samples were analyzed by parvovirus real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), including culture and sequencing of qPCR-positive samples. Information on cats, husbandry, hygiene, and infection management was evaluated to determine risk factors for feline panleukopenia and parvovirus shedding by logistic regression. (3) Results: Feline panleukopenia occurred in 28.0% (42/150) of cats (0 in shelter D). Shedding was found in 48.7% (73/150) (A: 21/73; B: 29/73; C: 7/73; D: 16/73). Of 73 qPCR-positive fecal samples, 65.8% (48/73) were culture-positive; sequencing revealed feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) isolates in 34/48 samples and vaccine virus isolate in 14/48; canine parvovirus was not detected. Presence of feline panleukopenia was significantly more likely in cats from shelter A (p < 0.05), unvaccinated cats (p < 0.001), and young cats (4 weeks to 2 years; p = 0.008). Parvovirus shedding was significantly more common in young cats (p < 0.001), cats with feline panleukopenia (p = 0.033), and group-housed cats (p = 0.025). (4) Conclusions: Vaccination is the most important measure to reduce the risk of feline panleukopenia in shelters. Risk of parvovirus shedding is especially high in young, group-housed cats.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Disease Outbreaks; Dogs; Feline Panleukopenia; Feline Panleukopenia Virus; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus; Parvovirus, Canine; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35746719
DOI: 10.3390/v14061248 -
Journal of Virology Oct 2012Parvoviruses cause a variety of mild to severe symptoms or asymptomatic infections in humans and animals. During a viral metagenomic analysis of feces from children with...
Parvoviruses cause a variety of mild to severe symptoms or asymptomatic infections in humans and animals. During a viral metagenomic analysis of feces from children with acute diarrhea in Burkina Faso, we identified in decreasing prevalence nucleic acids from anelloviruses, dependoviruses, sapoviruses, enteroviruses, bocaviruses, noroviruses, adenoviruses, parechoviruses, rotaviruses, cosavirus, astroviruses, and hepatitis B virus. Sequences from a highly divergent parvovirus, provisionally called bufavirus, were also detected whose NS1 and VP1 proteins showed <39% and <31% identities to those of previously known parvoviruses. Four percent of the fecal samples were PCR positive for this new parvovirus, including a related bufavirus species showing only 72% identity in VP1. The high degree of genetic divergence of these related genomes from those of other parvoviruses indicates the presence of a proposed new Parvoviridae genus containing at least two species. Studies of the tropism and pathogenicity of these novel parvoviruses will be facilitated by the availability of their genome sequences.
Topics: Base Sequence; Burkina Faso; Capsid Proteins; Child, Preschool; Diarrhea; Feces; Genetic Variation; Genome, Viral; Humans; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Viral Nonstructural Proteins
PubMed: 22855485
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01427-12 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Nov 2014A divergent parvovirus genome was the only eukaryotic viral sequence detected in feces of a Tunisian child with unexplained diarrhea. Tusavirus 1 shared 44% and 39%...
A divergent parvovirus genome was the only eukaryotic viral sequence detected in feces of a Tunisian child with unexplained diarrhea. Tusavirus 1 shared 44% and 39% identity with the nonstructural protein 1 and viral protein 1, respectively, of the closest genome, Kilham rat parvovirus, indicating presence of a new human viral species in the Protoparvovirus genus.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Child, Preschool; Diarrhea; Genes, Viral; Genome, Viral; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Molecular Sequence Data; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus; Phylogeny; Sequence Alignment; Tunisia
PubMed: 25340816
DOI: 10.3201/eid2011.140428 -
Cell Oct 2018The occurrence of a spontaneous nephropathy with intranuclear inclusions in laboratory mice has puzzled pathologists for over 4 decades, because its etiology remains...
The occurrence of a spontaneous nephropathy with intranuclear inclusions in laboratory mice has puzzled pathologists for over 4 decades, because its etiology remains elusive. The condition is more severe in immunodeficient animals, suggesting an infectious cause. Using metagenomics, we identify the causative agent as an atypical virus, termed "mouse kidney parvovirus" (MKPV), belonging to a divergent genus of Parvoviridae. MKPV was identified in animal facilities in Australia and North America, is transmitted via a fecal-oral or urinary-oral route, and is controlled by the adaptive immune system. Detailed analysis of the clinical course and histopathological features demonstrated a stepwise progression of pathology ranging from sporadic tubular inclusions to tubular degeneration and interstitial fibrosis and culminating in renal failure. In summary, we identify a widely distributed pathogen in laboratory mice and establish MKPV-induced nephropathy as a new tool for elucidating mechanisms of tubulointerstitial fibrosis that shares molecular features with chronic kidney disease in humans.
Topics: Animals; Australia; Disease Progression; Female; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nephritis, Interstitial; North America; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus
PubMed: 30220458
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.013 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Jun 2014
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Caliciviridae Infections; Coinfection; DNA, Viral; Feces; Female; Finland; Gastroenteritis; Genotype; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Norovirus; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus; Phylogeny
PubMed: 24857614
DOI: 10.3201/eid2006.131674 -
Journal of Medical Virology Aug 2021Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) and human parvovirus 4 (PARV4) are known to infect humans and transmit through contaminated blood and blood products. Globally, three...
Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) and human parvovirus 4 (PARV4) are known to infect humans and transmit through contaminated blood and blood products. Globally, three genotypes of B19V, as well as PARV4, have been identified, respectively. The existence of different B19V genotypes in Chinese plasma donors has been investigated, however, the data regarding PARV4 were not available. The main objective of this study is to identify the genotypes of PARV4 circulating in Chinese plasma donors. By using a duplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay adapted for all genotypes of B19V and PARV4, 78 source plasma pools for fractionation were screened and quantified. Results showed that positive rates of B19V and PARV4 DNA in plasma pool samples were 25.64% and 14.10%, respectively. PARV4 sequences in two positive samples were next genotyped, and these two sequences belonged to PARV4 genotypes 1 and 2, respectively. In conclusion, the data present demonstrate the existence of PARV4 genotypes 1 and 2 in Chinese plasma donors for the first time and also show the relatively lower prevalence and level of PARV4 DNA in Chinese plasma donors in comparison with that of B19V DNA.
Topics: Blood Donors; China; Genotype; Humans; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus; Phylogeny; Plasma; Prevalence
PubMed: 33200412
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26666 -
Avian Diseases Dec 2012Turkey parvovirus belongs to the family Parvoviridae, subfamily Parvovirinae, Genus parvovirus. Since the initial report on turkey parvovirus in the United States...
Turkey parvovirus belongs to the family Parvoviridae, subfamily Parvovirinae, Genus parvovirus. Since the initial report on turkey parvovirus in the United States appeared in 1983, there had been no further reports of parvovirus in turkeys until 2008. The aims of our study were to determine the prevalence of parvovirus in commercial turkey flocks using PCR; to determine their genetic relationship to previous strains identified in North America and Europe; and to test samples for enteric viruses by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A total of 169 fecal samples collected from 42 turkey farms in four different states within the United States between 2000 and 2010 were examined. We found that the most frequently detected viruses by TEM were small round viruses, accounting for 52% of the examined samples; however, the PCR detected parvoviruses in 71% of the samples. The phylogenetic analysis of partial nonstructural gene sequences showed a certain degree of variability among the turkey samples tested in the study. Moreover, there was a clear dichotomy in the phylogenetic tree between chicken and turkey samples, with the exception of one turkey isolate from 2000, which clustered together with the chicken group.
Topics: Animals; Feces; Gastrointestinal Contents; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Molecular Sequence Data; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Poultry Diseases; Prevalence; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Turkeys; United States
PubMed: 23397849
DOI: 10.1637/10076-020812-ResNote.1 -
Journal of Wildlife Diseases Oct 2016We characterize the genome of the first reported deer parvovirus, Ungulate tetraparvovirus 5, which we detected by PCR in multiple tissues from 2/9 California mule deer...
We characterize the genome of the first reported deer parvovirus, Ungulate tetraparvovirus 5, which we detected by PCR in multiple tissues from 2/9 California mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus californicus) with hair loss syndrome (HLS) and in 4/12 deer without HLS, suggesting this common infection does not cause HLS.
Topics: Alopecia; Animals; California; Deer; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus
PubMed: 27479898
DOI: 10.7589/2015-12-337 -
Viruses Sep 2021The genus (family ) includes several viruses of carnivores. We describe a novel fox protoparvovirus, which we named Newlavirus as it was discovered in samples from...
The genus (family ) includes several viruses of carnivores. We describe a novel fox protoparvovirus, which we named Newlavirus as it was discovered in samples from Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Analysis of the full non-structural protein (NS1) sequence indicates that this virus is a previously uncharacterized species. Newlavirus showed high prevalence in foxes from both the mainland (Labrador, 54/137, 39.4%) and the island of Newfoundland (22/50, 44%) but was not detected in samples from other carnivores, including coyotes ( = 92), lynx ( = 58), martens ( = 146), mink ( = 47), ermines ( = 17), dogs ( = 48), and ringed ( = 4), harp ( = 6), bearded ( = 6), and harbor ( = 2) seals. Newlavirus was found at similar rates in stool and spleen (24/80, 30% vs. 59/152, 38.8%, = 0.2) but at lower rates in lymph nodes (2/37, 5.4%, < 0.01). Sequencing a fragment of approximately 750 nt of the capsid protein gene from 53 samples showed a high frequency of co-infection by more than one strain (33.9%), high genetic diversity with 13 genotypes with low sequence identities (70.5-87.8%), and no geographic segregation of strains. Given the high prevalence, high diversity, and the lack of identification in other species, foxes are likely the natural reservoir of Newlavirus, and further studies should investigate its distribution.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Wild; Canada; Carnivora; Foxes; Parvoviridae; Parvovirinae; Parvovirus; Prevalence; Viral Nonstructural Proteins
PubMed: 34696399
DOI: 10.3390/v13101969