-
A.M.A. Archives of Dermatology and... Sep 1951
Topics: Excipients; Humans; Ointments; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Skin Diseases; Water
PubMed: 14867838
DOI: 10.1001/archderm.1951.01570090117019 -
Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue = Shanghai... Aug 2013To assess the efficacy of gingival retraction paste versus gingival retraction cord in fixed prosthodontics on gingiva protection, tooth preparation, clarity of the... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To assess the efficacy of gingival retraction paste versus gingival retraction cord in fixed prosthodontics on gingiva protection, tooth preparation, clarity of the impression and plaster model, and aptness of the prosthesis.
METHODS
Chinese BioMedical Literature Database, VIP, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wangfang database were searched on November 15th 2012 for eligible studies. Hand-searching included references of the included studies and Chinese dental journals. Risk of bias of the included studies was assessed by 2 reviewers independently using Cochrane Collaboration's tool, and data extraction was done by the 2 reviewers. Meta analysis was performed with Revman 5.1 software.
RESULTS
Nine randomized controlled trials, involving 1153 participants, were included. All of them had moderate risk of bias. Meta analysis revealed that gingival retraction paste had better effect on gingival health [RR=1.05, 95%CI (1.00, 1.11), P=0.04], tooth preparation [RR=1.17, 95%CI (1.07, 1.28), P=0.0008] and clarity of the impression and plaster model [RR=1.08, 95%CI (1.03, 1.13), P=0.0009] than gingival retraction cord, and the aptness of the prosthesis was as good as the cord [RR=1.07, 95%CI (0.96, 1.19), P=0.21].
CONCLUSIONS
The gingival retraction paste has better effect on gingival health, tooth preparation and clarity of the impression and plaster model, while the aptness of the prosthesis is as good as the cord and can be considered as a good candidate of the gingival retraction cord, but more randomized controlled trials are needed.
Topics: Gingiva; Humans; Ointments; Prosthodontics
PubMed: 24100909
DOI: No ID Found -
Lancet (London, England) May 1953
Topics: Dental Devices, Home Care; Dentifrices; Humans; Ointments; Toothbrushing
PubMed: 13045511
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2020The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and its viscosity on the pasting and paste properties of waxy rice...
The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and its viscosity on the pasting and paste properties of waxy rice starch (WRS). HPMC with different viscosities (low, BN50; medium, BN40M; high, BN40H) but similar substituted group contents was used. Although the total solid contents of WRS-HPMC mixtures varied depending on measured attributes, the mixing ratio of WRS to HPMC was 19:1 (w/w). WRS-HPMC mixtures exhibited lower swelling factors than WRS alone, and these decreased with HPMC viscosities. Relative to WRS, gelatinization onset and peak temperatures were shifted to higher temperatures in WRS-HPMC mixtures, and gelatinization enthalpies were lowered. Delayed pasting temperatures, lower peak and breakdown viscosities, and higher trough viscosities were observed in WRS-HPMC mixtures. Although final viscosities increased with HPMC viscosities, WRS-BN40H exceeded WRS, whereas the reversed pattern was found in WRS-BN40M and WRS-BN50. Thermal gelation of HPMC occurred in WRS-HPMC mixtures. With increasing HPMC viscosities, G', G", and tan δ of their pastes increased, and their syneresis decreased. Overall, these results may arise from restricting the availability of water to WRS granules and suppressing their swelling due to the greater water holding capacity and thermal gelation tendency of HPMC.
Topics: Hypromellose Derivatives; Ointments; Oryza; Starch; Temperature; Viscosity
PubMed: 31765750
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.250 -
Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the... 2017Mohs paste is an external preparation containing zinc hydrochloride and zinc oxide starch as the main ingredient, and it is used for the palliative treatment of patients...
Mohs paste is an external preparation containing zinc hydrochloride and zinc oxide starch as the main ingredient, and it is used for the palliative treatment of patients with surgically untreatable malignant tumors. However, it has problems, such as changes in hardness and viscoelasticity with time and liquefaction by exudate. To overcome these problems, we modified the formulation of Mohs paste by excluding starch, which is the cause of physical changes, and investigated the base. In the modified Mohs paste using the macrogol ointment for the base, no marked change with time was noted in the hardness, malleability, or elongation property, and the water-absorbing properties were equivalent to those of Mohs paste immediately after preparation. The hardness did not decrease even after absorbing water. The drug release rate increased 1.5 times with the modified Mohs paste. Based on these findings, the risk of liquefaction-associated damage of the surrounding skin decreased on using the modified Mohs paste, and preparing in advance became possible. These results suggest that the modified Mohs paste using the macrogol ointment for the base exhibits an equivalent effect for control of exudate and a high effect for tissue fixation.
Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chlorides; Drug Compounding; Ointment Bases; Ointments; Polyethylene Glycols; Starch; Zinc Compounds; Zinc Oxide
PubMed: 28381726
DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.16-00248 -
Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Mar 1982
Topics: Bandages; Humans; Ointments; Patch Tests
PubMed: 7083618
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.1982.tb02400.x -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Nov 2016Topical formulations aim to target the skin for a variety of cosmetic, protective or therapeutic needs. Despite the use of creams and ointments over the millennia, the... (Review)
Review
Topical formulations aim to target the skin for a variety of cosmetic, protective or therapeutic needs. Despite the use of creams and ointments over the millennia, the bioavailability of actives from topical preparations remains quite low, often not exceeding 1-2% of the applied dose. In this review we examine the reasons underlying the poor performance of topical preparations. We also outline a rational approach, based on Fick's laws of diffusion, to develop advanced topical formulations. Methodologies which are currently used in research and development are critically examined and the importance of understanding the fate of the vehicle as well as the active is emphasised. Advanced topical formulation development will also be facilitated by emerging and sophisticated analytical techniques that are able to probe real time delivery of actives to the skin. A good understanding of the underlying physical chemistry of both the formulation and the skin is crucial in the development of optimised topical products.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Biological Availability; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Cosmetics; Diffusion; Ointments; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Skin; Skin Absorption
PubMed: 27260130
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.05.065 -
Therapeutic Delivery Dec 2014Various strategies for ocular drug delivery are considered; from basic formulation techniques for improving availability of drugs; viscosity enhancers and mucoadhesives... (Review)
Review
Various strategies for ocular drug delivery are considered; from basic formulation techniques for improving availability of drugs; viscosity enhancers and mucoadhesives aid drug retention and penetration enhancers promote drug transport into the eye. The use of drug-loaded contact lenses and ocular inserts allows drugs to be better placed where they are needed for more direct delivery. Developments in ocular implants gives a means to overcome the physical barriers that traditionally prevented effective treatment. Implant technologies are under development allowing long-term drug delivery from a single procedure, these devices allow posterior chamber diseases to be effectively treated. Future developments could bring artificial corneas to eliminate the need for donor tissue and one-off implantable drug depots lasting the patient's lifetime.
Topics: Absorbable Implants; Biological Availability; Contact Lenses; Drug Delivery Systems; Eye Diseases; Humans; Intravitreal Injections; Nanoparticles; Ointments; Ophthalmic Solutions; Solubility; Tissue Adhesives; Viscosity
PubMed: 25531930
DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.75 -
Manufacturing Chemist and Aerosol News Nov 1946
Topics: Humans; Ointments; Pharmaceutical Services; Pharmacies; Pharmacy; Powders
PubMed: 20285859
DOI: No ID Found -
The Veterinary Record Oct 1982
Topics: Animals; Horse Diseases; Horses; Ointments; Phenylbutazone
PubMed: 7147656
DOI: 10.1136/vr.111.15.353-a