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International Journal of Systematic and... Jan 2010Gram-negative, coccoid, non-motile bacteria that are catalase-, urease- and indole-negative, facultatively anaerobic and oxidase-positive were isolated from the bovine...
Gram-negative, coccoid, non-motile bacteria that are catalase-, urease- and indole-negative, facultatively anaerobic and oxidase-positive were isolated from the bovine rumen using an improved selective medium for members of the Pasteurellaceae. All strains produced significant amounts of succinic acid under anaerobic conditions with glucose as substrate. Phenotypic characterization and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using 16S rRNA, rpoB, infB and recN genes were performed on seven independent isolates. All four genes showed high sequence similarity to their counterparts in the genome sequence of the patent strain MBEL55E, but less than 95 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to any other species of the Pasteurellaceae. Genetically these strains form a very homogeneous group in individual as well as combined phylogenetic trees, clearly separated from other genera of the family from which they can also be separated based on phenotypic markers. Genome relatedness as deduced from the recN gene showed high interspecies similarities, but again low similarity to any of the established genera of the family. No toxicity towards bovine, human or fish cells was observed and no RTX toxin genes were detected in members of the new taxon. Based on phylogenetic clustering in the MLSA analysis, the low genetic similarity to other genera and the phenotypic distinction, we suggest to classify these bovine rumen isolates as Basfia succiniciproducens gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is JF4016(T) (=DSM 22022(T) =CCUG 57335(T)).
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Cattle; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Pasteurellaceae; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rumen
PubMed: 19648315
DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.011809-0 -
Journal of Bacteriology Mar 1992Virtually complete 16S rRNA sequences were determined for 54 representative strains of species in the family Pasteurellaceae. Of these strains, 15 were Pasteurella, 16... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Virtually complete 16S rRNA sequences were determined for 54 representative strains of species in the family Pasteurellaceae. Of these strains, 15 were Pasteurella, 16 were Actinobacillus, and 23 were Haemophilus. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on sequence similarity, using the Neighbor-Joining method. Fifty-three of the strains fell within four large clusters. The first cluster included the type strains of Haemophilus influenzae, H. aegyptius, H. aphrophilus, H. haemolyticus, H. paraphrophilus, H. segnis, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. This cluster also contained A. actinomycetemcomitans FDC Y4, ATCC 29522, ATCC 29523, and ATCC 29524 and H. aphrophilus NCTC 7901. The second cluster included the type strains of A. seminis and Pasteurella aerogenes and H. somnus OVCG 43826. The third cluster was composed of the type strains of Pasteurella multocida, P. anatis, P. avium, P. canis, P. dagmatis, P. gallinarum, P. langaa, P. stomatis, P. volantium, H. haemoglobinophilus, H. parasuis, H. paracuniculus, H. paragallinarum, and A. capsulatus. This cluster also contained Pasteurella species A CCUG 18782, Pasteurella species B CCUG 19974, Haemophilus taxon C CAPM 5111, H. parasuis type 5 Nagasaki, P. volantium (H. parainfluenzae) NCTC 4101, and P. trehalosi NCTC 10624. The fourth cluster included the type strains of Actinobacillus lignieresii, A. equuli, A. pleuropneumoniae, A. suis, A. ureae, H. parahaemolyticus, H. parainfluenzae, H. paraphrohaemolyticus, H. ducreyi, and P. haemolytica. This cluster also contained Actinobacillus species strain CCUG 19799 (Bisgaard taxon 11), A. suis ATCC 15557, H. ducreyi ATCC 27722 and HD 35000, Haemophilus minor group strain 202, and H. parainfluenzae ATCC 29242. The type strain of P. pneumotropica branched alone to form a fifth group. The branching of the Pasteurellaceae family tree was quite complex. The four major clusters contained multiple subclusters. The clusters contained both rapidly and slowly evolving strains (indicated by differing numbers of base changes incorporated into the 16S rRNA sequence relative to outgroup organisms). While the results presented a clear picture of the phylogenetic relationships, the complexity of the branching will make division of the family into genera a difficult and somewhat subjective task. We do not suggest any taxonomic changes at this time.
Topics: Base Sequence; DNA, Ribosomal; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Pasteurellaceae; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Alignment
PubMed: 1548238
DOI: 10.1128/jb.174.6.2002-2013.1992 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Feb 2016A total of 13 Pasteurellaceae isolates from healthy freshwater turtles were characterized by genotypic and phenotypic tests. Phylogenetic analysis of partial 16S rRNA...
A total of 13 Pasteurellaceae isolates from healthy freshwater turtles were characterized by genotypic and phenotypic tests. Phylogenetic analysis of partial 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequences showed that the isolates investigated formed a monophyletic group. The closest related species based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing was Chelonobacter oris CCUG 55632T with 94.4 % similarity and the closest related species based on rpoB gene sequence comparison was [Pasteurella] testudinis CCUG 19802T with 91.5 % similarity. All the investigated isolates exhibited phenotypic characteristics of the family Pasteurellaceae. However, they could be separated from existing genera of the Pasteurellaceae by the following test results: indole, ornithine decarboxylase and Voges-Proskauer positive; and methyl red, urease and PNPG (α-glucosidase) negative. No X- or V-factor requirement was observed. A zone of β-haemolysis surrounded the colonies after 24 h of incubation on bovine blood agar at 37 °C. Acid was produced from l-arabinose, dulcitol, d-mannitol, sucrose and trehalose. Representative strain ELNT2xT had a fatty acid profile that was characteristic for members of the Pasteurellaceae. ELNT2xT expressed only one respiratory quinone, ubiquinone-8 (100 %). The DNA G+C content of strain ELNT2xT was 42.8 mol%. On the basis of both phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the strains should be classified as representatives of a novel species of a new genus, Testudinibacter aquarius gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Testudinibacter aquarius is ELNT2xT ( = CCUG 65146T = DSM 28140T), which was isolated from the oral cavity of a captive eastern long-necked turtle (Chelodina longicollis) in Denmark in 2012.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Denmark; Fatty Acids; Fresh Water; Mouth; Pasteurellaceae; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Turtles; Ubiquinone
PubMed: 26554864
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000759 -
Journal of General Microbiology Jul 1988The taxonomy of the family Pasteurellaceae has remained controversial despite investigations of biochemistry, serology, and nucleic acid relatedness. In an attempt to...
The taxonomy of the family Pasteurellaceae has remained controversial despite investigations of biochemistry, serology, and nucleic acid relatedness. In an attempt to resolve some of this confusion, we have partially sequenced the 16S rRNAs of seven members of the family, representing all three genera. The sequences were aligned, similarity scores calculated, and single, average and complete linkage cluster analysis of the resulting distance matrix performed. In this way, an evolutionary branching pattern of these closely related species was reconstructed, and the approximate phylogenetic position of the family determined. Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemcomitans clustered with Haemophilus instead of Actinobacillus, supporting transfer of this species to the genus Haemophilus. Thus cluster analysis of phylogenetic relatedness was found to be particularly useful for studying closely related organisms, and could be performed using a microcomputer.
Topics: Actinobacillus; Base Sequence; Haemophilus; Microcomputers; Molecular Sequence Data; Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted; Pasteurella; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 2469775
DOI: 10.1099/00221287-134-7-1923 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Feb 2015A total of 17 bacterial isolates from northern elephant seals, tentatively classified within the family Pasteurellaceae, were further characterized by genotypic and...
Bisgaardia miroungae sp. nov., a new member of the family Pasteurellaceae isolated from the oral cavity of northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris), and emended description of the genus Bisgaardia.
A total of 17 bacterial isolates from northern elephant seals, tentatively classified within the family Pasteurellaceae, were further characterized by genotypic and phenotypic tests. Phylogenetic analysis of partial 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequences showed that the isolates investigated formed a monophyletic group, closely related to the genus Bisgaardia within the family Pasteurellaceae. The rpoB gene sequence similarity was 97.2-100 % within the group and 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed 99.2-99.8 % similarity within the group. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the most closely related species with a validly published name was Bisgaardia hudsonensis with 96.9 % similarity and the most closely related species based on rpoB sequence comparison was Bisgaardia genomospecies 1 with an rpoB sequence similarity of 90.9 %. All the isolates investigated exhibited the phenotypic characteristics of the family Pasteurellaceae. However, these isolates could be separated from existing species of the genus Bisgaardia by the following characteristics: ability to grow at 42 °C, and acid production from lactose, melibiose, raffinose and l-rhamnose, but not from d-mannitol or trehalose. On the basis of both phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the strains should be classified as representatives of a novel species within the genus Bisgaardia: Bisgaardia miroungae sp. nov. The type strain, Wildatric(T) ( = CCUG 65148(T) = DSM 28141(T)), was isolated from the oral cavity of a wild northern elephant seal at The Marine Mammal Center, California, USA in 2011. To include the novel species, the description of the genus Bisgaardia has been emended.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; California; DNA, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Genotype; Molecular Sequence Data; Mouth; Pasteurellaceae; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seals, Earless; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 25368140
DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.065060-0 -
Berliner Und Munchener Tierarztliche... 2010In this paper we briefly report recent taxonomic changes that have taken place within the bacterial family Pasteurellaceae as a result of molecular investigations. We...
In this paper we briefly report recent taxonomic changes that have taken place within the bacterial family Pasteurellaceae as a result of molecular investigations. We address the complexity and diagnostic possibilities and outline the current knowledge on the population structure these investigations have generated. In addition, we discuss future possibilities to improve basic understanding of genetic diversity at population level, possible host adaptation and stability of clones associated with disease outbreaks. All taxa of Pasteurellaceae have been characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the 16S rRNA gene sequence has been the starting point for classification and identification of most taxa, including PCR detection methods developed. Generally, it is preferred to isolate and store the bacterium before characterization is carried out, however, if this is impossible, a PCR test can be carried out on DNA extracted from suspected material. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is a possibility for only a few members of Pasteurellaceae. Identification based on the partial rpoB sequence is possible when a high simililarity to a sequence of a well known reference strain is found. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is only available for a few taxa of Pasteurellaceae of veterinary importance including [Haemophilus] parosuis, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Application of this method for characterization of broad strain collections has improved our knowledge on population level significantly, and added to our understanding of disease manifestations. Current improvements in progress focus on sequence based identification at the population level reflecting that disease and persistence, host associations and host response are expressed at the clonal population level rather than at the species level.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; DNA, Bacterial; Pasteurellaceae; Pasteurellaceae Infections; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Virulence
PubMed: 20135907
DOI: No ID Found -
Animal Health Research Reviews Dec 2015The objective of this paper was to perform a critical review of the literature as it pertains to the current status of antimicrobial resistance in pathogens associated... (Review)
Review
The objective of this paper was to perform a critical review of the literature as it pertains to the current status of antimicrobial resistance in pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in beef cattle and to provide a concise yet informative narrative on the most relevant publications available. As such, the scientific literature contained in PubMed, AGRICOLA, and CAB were searched in February of 2014 for articles related to susceptibility testing of Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni from cases of BRD. Titles and abstracts were read and 105 articles that were relevant to the subject of BRD antibiotic resistance were attained for further review. After the application of exclusion criterion (publications must have originated from North America, be in English, adhere to standards set forth by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, and be concerning antimicrobial resistance in BRD in beef cattle), 16 articles remained and are the focus of this publication. Due to the disparate data from the few studies that investigate susceptibility testing of BRD pathogens, a quantitative assessment or meta-analysis was not performed on the studies presented in this review. However, considering diagnostic lab data, there appears to be a clear trend of a decrease in susceptibility of the three major BRD pathogens to the antimicrobials used commonly for treatment and control of BRD. Studies performing sensitivity testing on healthy cattle report much lower resistance, but it remains unclear if this is because of a true lack of resistance mechanisms, or if the isolates do contain quiescent genes for resistance that are only phenotypically expressed following the administration of an antimicrobial for either treatment or control of BRD. Future research to address this question of genotype and phenotypic expression before and after antimicrobial administration will further advance our knowledge in this area.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex; Cattle; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Mannheimia haemolytica; North America; Pasteurella multocida; Pasteurellaceae; Phenotype
PubMed: 26373635
DOI: 10.1017/S146625231500016X -
BMC Genomics Feb 2007Gamma-proteobacteria, such as Escherichia coli, can use a variety of respiratory substrates employing numerous aerobic and anaerobic respiratory systems controlled by... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Comparative genomic analysis of regulation of anaerobic respiration in ten genomes from three families of gamma-proteobacteria (Enterobacteriaceae, Pasteurellaceae, Vibrionaceae).
BACKGROUND
Gamma-proteobacteria, such as Escherichia coli, can use a variety of respiratory substrates employing numerous aerobic and anaerobic respiratory systems controlled by multiple transcription regulators. Thus, in E. coli, global control of respiration is mediated by four transcription factors, Fnr, ArcA, NarL and NarP. However, in other Gamma-proteobacteria the composition of global respiration regulators may be different.
RESULTS
In this study we applied a comparative genomic approach to the analysis of three global regulatory systems, Fnr, ArcA and NarP. These systems were studied in available genomes containing these three regulators, but lacking NarL. So, we considered several representatives of Pasteurellaceae, Vibrionaceae and Yersinia spp. As a result, we identified new regulon members, functioning in respiration, central metabolism (glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, citrate cicle, metabolism of pyruvate and lactate), metabolism of carbohydrates and fatty acids, transcriptional regulation and transport, in particular: the ATP synthase operon atpIBEFHAGCD, Na+-exporting NADH dehydrogenase operon nqrABCDEF, the D-amino acids dehydrogenase operon dadAX. Using an extension of the comparative technique, we demonstrated taxon-specific changes in regulatory interactions and predicted taxon-specific regulatory cascades.
CONCLUSION
A comparative genomic technique was applied to the analysis of global regulation of respiration in ten gamma-proteobacterial genomes. Three structurally different but functionally related regulatory systems were described. A correlation between the regulon size and the position of a transcription factor in regulatory cascades was observed: regulators with larger regulons tend to occupy top positions in the cascades. On the other hand, there is no obvious link to differences in the species' lifestyles and metabolic capabilities.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Bacterial Proteins; Enterobacteriaceae; Gammaproteobacteria; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Genomics; Models, Biological; Pasteurellaceae; Vibrionaceae
PubMed: 17313674
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-54 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Jul 2014Five bacterial strains isolated from bats of the family Vespertilionidae were characterized by phenotypic tests and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using the 16S...
Five bacterial strains isolated from bats of the family Vespertilionidae were characterized by phenotypic tests and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using the 16S rRNA gene and four housekeeping genes (rpoA, rpoB, infB, recN). Phylogenetic analyses of individual and combined datasets indicated that the five strains represent a monophyletic cluster within the family Pasteurellaceae. Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated a high degree of similarity (98.3-99.9%) among the group of bat-derived strains, while searches in nucleotide databases indicated less than 96% sequence similarity to known members of the Pasteurellaceae. The housekeeping genes rpoA, rpoB, infB and recN provided higher resolution compared with the 16S rRNA gene and subdivided the group according to the bat species from which the strains were isolated. Three strains derived from noctule bats shared 98.6-100% sequence similarity in all four genes investigated, whereas, based on rpoB, infB and recN gene sequences, 91.8-96% similarity was observed with and between the remaining two strains isolated from a serotine bat and a pipistrelle bat, respectively. Genome relatedness as deduced from recN gene sequences correlated well with the results of MLSA and indicated that the five strains represent a new genus. Based on these results, it is proposed to classify the five strains derived from bats within Vespertiliibacter pulmonis gen. nov., sp. nov. (the type species), Vespertiliibacter genomospecies 1 and Vespertiliibacter genomospecies 2. The genus can be distinguished phenotypically from recognized genera of the Pasteurellaceae by at least three characteristics. All strains are nutritionally fastidious and require a chemically defined supplement with NAD for growth. The DNA G+C content of strain E127/08(T) is 38.2 mol%. The type strain of Vespertiliibacter pulmonis gen. nov., sp. nov. is E127/08(T) ( = CCUG 64585(T) = DSM 27238(T)). The reference strains of Vespertiliibacter genomospecies 1 and 2 are E145/08 and E157/08, respectively.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Chiroptera; DNA, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Germany; Molecular Sequence Data; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Pasteurellaceae; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 24776530
DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.062786-0 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Mar 2012Bovine respiratory disease complex is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in feedlot cattle. A number of vaccines against bacterial respiratory pathogens are... (Review)
Review
Evidence-based effectiveness of vaccination against Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni in feedlot cattle for mitigating the incidence and effect of bovine respiratory disease complex.
Bovine respiratory disease complex is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in feedlot cattle. A number of vaccines against bacterial respiratory pathogens are commercially available and researchers have studied their impact on morbidity, mortality, and other disease outcome measures in feedlot cattle. A systematic review will provide veterinarians with a rigorous and transparent evaluation of the published literature to estimate the extent of vaccine effect. Unfortunately, the published body of evidence does not provide a consistent estimate of the direction and magnitude of effectiveness in feedlot cattle vaccination against Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, or Histophilus somni.
Topics: Animals; Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex; Cattle; Evidence-Based Medicine; Incidence; Mannheimia haemolytica; Pasteurella multocida; Pasteurellaceae; Vaccination
PubMed: 22374120
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2011.12.005