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Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine :... Jan 2021A total of 22 isolates obtained from the oral cavity of koalas () at different wildlife centers in Australia were investigated using amplification and sequencing of two...
A total of 22 isolates obtained from the oral cavity of koalas () at different wildlife centers in Australia were investigated using amplification and sequencing of two housekeeping genes, and . The available sequences from the type strain (ACM3666) and the recent isolates of like bacteria obtained from human infected wounds associated with koala bites were also included. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the concatenated - genes and genome relatedness was calculated based on the sequences. The oral cavity isolates, the koala bite wound isolates, and ACM3666T resulted in four clusters (Clusters 1-4). Clusters 1-3 were clearly not members of the genus . Cluster 1 was closely related to the genus , and Clusters 2 and 3 appeared to be novel genera. Cluster 4 consisted of three subclusters: Cluster 4a with one koala bite wound isolate and ACM3666, Cluster 4b with three oral cavity isolates and two -like wound isolates, and Cluster 4c with three nearly identical oral cavity isolates that may represent a different species within the genus . The rich population, including potential novel taxa in the oral cavity of koalas supports an important role of these highly adapted microorganisms in the physiology of koalas. Moreover, the pathogenic potential of -like species is an important consideration when investigating infected koala bites in humans.
Topics: Animals; Australia; Bites and Stings; Genome, Bacterial; Humans; Pasteurellaceae; Pasteurellaceae Infections; Phascolarctidae; Phylogeny; Wound Infection; Zoonoses
PubMed: 33480557
DOI: 10.1638/2020-0041 -
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine :... Jun 2015The occurrence of bacteria belonging to the family Pasteurellaceae in the oral cavity of captive Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii) was investigated using...
The occurrence of bacteria belonging to the family Pasteurellaceae in the oral cavity of captive Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii) was investigated using phenotypic and subsequent genotypic characterization and phylogenetic analyses. A total of 62 bacterial isolates obtained from Tasmanian devils, tentatively classified with the family Pasteurellaceae, were further characterized by phylogenetic analysis of rpoB gene sequence similarity, which showed that the isolates investigated formed five distinct groups. A total of 15 strains formed a novel genus-like group within Pasteurellaceae. Thirty-six strains grouped with the type strain of Frederiksenia canicola. Five strains clustered with the type strain of Pasteurella multocida . Interestingly, four of the P. multocida-like strains were β-hemolytic when incubated on blood agar, which is atypical for this genus. Five strains grouped with a 100% rpoB similarity with Pasteurella dagmatis. Finally, a single strain showed 97.1% resemblance to Haemophilus haemoglobinophilus. The results demonstrate that Tasmanian devils are hosting a variety of bacterial taxa affiliated with the family of Pasteurellaceae as part of their oral microflora.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Zoo; Marsupialia; Mouth; Pasteurellaceae; Phylogeny
PubMed: 26056874
DOI: 10.1638/2014-0111R1.1 -
Veterinary Microbiology Jun 2000Pasteurellaceae species particularly of porcine origin which are closely related to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae were analyzed for the presence of analogues to the...
Pasteurellaceae species particularly of porcine origin which are closely related to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae were analyzed for the presence of analogues to the major A. pleuropneumoniae RTX toxin genes, apxICABD, apxIICA and apxIIICABD and for their expression. Actinobacillus suis contains both apxICABD(var.suis) and apxIICA(var. suis) operons and was shown to produce ApxI and ApxII toxin. Actinobacillus rossii contained the operons apxIICA(var.rossii) and apxIIICABD(var.rossii). However, only the toxin ApxII and not ApxIII could be detected in cultures of A. rossii. The Apx toxins found in A. suis and A. rossi may play a role in virulence of these pathogens. Actinobacillus lignieresii, which was included since it is phylogenetically very closely related to A. pleuropneumoniae, was found to contain a full apxICABD(var.lign.) operon which however lacks the -35 and -10 boxes in the promoter sequences. As expected from these results, no expression of ApxI was detected in A. lignieresii grown under standard culture conditions. Actinobacillus seminis, Actinobacillus equuli, Pasteurella aerogenes, Pasteurella multocida, Haemophilus parasuis, and also Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica, which is known to secrete leukotoxin, were all shown to be devoid of any of the apx toxin genes and did not produce ApxI, ApxII or ApxIII toxin proteins. However, proteins of slightly lower molecular mass than ApxI, ApxII and ApxIII which showed limited cross-reactions with monospecific, polyclonal anti-ApxI, anti-ApxII and anti-ApxIII were detected on immunoblot analysis of A. equuli, A. seminis and P. aerogenes. The presence of Apx toxins and proteins that imunologically cross react with Apx toxins in porcine Actinobacillus species other than A. pleuropneumoniae can be expected to interfere with serodiagnosis of porcine pleuropneumonia.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Blotting, Southern; Blotting, Western; DNA Probes; DNA, Bacterial; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Hemolysin Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Pasteurellaceae; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Restriction Mapping; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Swine; Swine Diseases; Virulence
PubMed: 10831858
DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(00)00204-2 -
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine :... Dec 2012The occurrence of bacteria belonging to Pasteurellaceae in the oral cavity of captive marine mammals was investigated using culture and subsequent geno- and phenotypic...
The occurrence of bacteria belonging to Pasteurellaceae in the oral cavity of captive marine mammals was investigated using culture and subsequent geno- and phenotypic characterization and phylogenetic analyses. A total of 89 bacterial isolates from pinnipeds tentatively classified with the family Pasteurellaceae were further characterized by phylogenetic analysis of rpoB gene sequences, which showed that the isolates investigated formed five distinct groups. Four strains from California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) made up group I, which was classified with Pasteurella canis. Group II comprised four strains from harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) classified with Pasteurella stomatis. Group III consisted of 28 strains, isolated from harbor and gray seals and represented Bisgaardia genomospecies 1. Two strains from a harbor and a grey seal, group IV, were classified with Bisgaardia hudsonensis. Fifty-two strains from northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus), walruses (Odobenus rosmarus), and California and Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) formed group V and represented Otariodibacter oris. No Pasteurellaceae isolates were obtained from cetaceans, but Pasteurellaceae were isolated from all sampled pinnipeds. On the basis of these results, it is very likely that Pasteurellaceae bacteria represent a part of the normal oral flora in pinnipeds.
Topics: Animals; Caniformia; Mouth; Pasteurellaceae
PubMed: 23272350
DOI: 10.1638/2011-0264R1.1 -
Current Topics in Microbiology and... 2016Histophilus somni is known to cause several overlapping syndromes or to be found in genital or upper respiratory carrier states in ruminants. Vaccines have been used for... (Review)
Review
Histophilus somni is known to cause several overlapping syndromes or to be found in genital or upper respiratory carrier states in ruminants. Vaccines have been used for decades, yet efficacy is controversial and mechanisms of protective immunity are not well understood. Since H. somni survives phagocytosis, it has sometimes been considered to be a facultative intercellular parasite, implying that cell-mediated immunity would be critical in protection. However, H. somni not only inhibits phagocyte function, but also is cytotoxic for macrophages. Therefore, it does not live for long periods in healthy phagocytes. Protection of calves against H. somni pneumonia by passive immunization is also evidence that H. somni is more like an extracellular pathogen than an intracellular pathogen. Several studies showed that bovine IgG2 antibodies are more protective than IgG1 antibodies. Even the IgG2 allotypes tend to vary in protection. Of course, antigenic specificity also determines protection. So far, there is most evidence for protection by a 40 K outer membrane protein and by Immunoglobulin binding protein A fibrils. Serology and immunohistochemistry have both been used for immunodiagnosis. Many evasive mechanisms by H. somni have been defined, including decreased phagocyte function, antibodies bound by shed antigens, decreased immune stimulation, and antigenic variation. Interaction of H. somni with other bovine respiratory disease organisms is another layer of pathogenesis. Studies of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and H. somni in calfhood pneumonia revealed an increase in IgE antibodies to H. somni, which were associated with more severe disease of longer duration than with either agent alone. Innate immune mechanisms at the epithelial cell level are also affected by dual infection by BRSV and H. somni as compared to either pathogen alone. Although much more work needs to be done, the complex mechanisms of H. somni immunity are becoming clearer.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antibody Specificity; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Cattle; Immune Evasion; Immunity, Innate; Pasteurellaceae
PubMed: 26728062
DOI: 10.1007/82_2015_5012 -
Current Topics in Microbiology and... 2016Histophilus somni resides as part of the normal microflora in the upper respiratory tract of healthy cattle. From this site, the organism can make its way into the lower... (Review)
Review
Histophilus somni resides as part of the normal microflora in the upper respiratory tract of healthy cattle. From this site, the organism can make its way into the lower respiratory tract, where it is one of the important bacterial agents of the respiratory disease complex. If H. somni cells disseminate to the bloodstream, they frequently result in thrombus formation. A series of in vitro investigations have examined potential mechanisms that might contribute to such thrombus formation. Earlier work showed that H. somni can stimulate some bovine endothelial cells to undergo apoptosis. More recent studies indicate that H. somni stimulates endothelial cell tissue factor activity and disrupts intercellular junctions. The net effect is to enhance procoagulant activity on the endothelium surface and to make the endothelial monolayer more permeable to molecules, leukocytes, and perhaps H. somni cells. H. somni also activates bovine platelets, which also can enhance tissue factor activity on the endothelium surface. When exposed to H. somni, bovine neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes form extracellular traps in vitro. Ongoing research is investigating how the interplay among endothelial cells, platelets, and leukocytes might contribute to the thrombus formation seen in infected cattle.
Topics: Animals; Capillary Permeability; Cattle; Extracellular Traps; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Immunity, Innate; Pasteurellaceae; Thrombosis
PubMed: 26728064
DOI: 10.1007/82_2015_5010 -
Zentralblatt Fur Bakteriologie :... Nov 1989
Review
Topics: Actinobacillus; Actinobacillus Infections; Haemophilus; Haemophilus Infections; Humans; Pasteurella; Pasteurella Infections; Pasteurellaceae; Phenotype; Specimen Handling
PubMed: 2692587
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Systematic and... Jul 2004Sequences of the gene encoding the beta-subunit of the RNA polymerase (rpoB) were used to delineate the phylogeny of the family Pasteurellaceae. A total of 72 strains,...
Sequences of the gene encoding the beta-subunit of the RNA polymerase (rpoB) were used to delineate the phylogeny of the family Pasteurellaceae. A total of 72 strains, including the type strains of the major described species as well as selected field isolates, were included in the study. Selection of universal rpoB-derived primers for the family allowed straightforward amplification and sequencing of a 560 bp fragment of the rpoB gene. In parallel, 16S rDNA was sequenced from all strains. The phylogenetic tree obtained with the rpoB sequences reflected the major branches of the tree obtained with the 16S rDNA, especially at the genus level. Only a few discrepancies between the trees were observed. In certain cases the rpoB phylogeny was in better agreement with DNA-DNA hybridization studies than the phylogeny derived from 16S rDNA. The rpoB gene is strongly conserved within the various species of the family of Pasteurellaceae. Hence, rpoB gene sequence analysis in conjunction with 16S rDNA sequencing is a valuable tool for phylogenetic studies of the Pasteurellaceae and may also prove useful for reorganizing the current taxonomy of this bacterial family.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; Genes, rRNA; Molecular Sequence Data; Pasteurellaceae; Phylogeny; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Homology
PubMed: 15280320
DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.03043-0 -
PloS One 2015Pasteurellaceae are among the most prevalent bacterial pathogens isolated from mice housed in experimental animal facilities. Reliable detection and differentiation of...
Pasteurellaceae are among the most prevalent bacterial pathogens isolated from mice housed in experimental animal facilities. Reliable detection and differentiation of Pasteurellaceae are essential for high-quality health monitoring. In this study, we combined a real-time PCR assay amplifying a variable region in the 16S rRNA sequence with high-resolution melting curve analysis (HRM) to identify and differentiate among the commonly isolated species Pasteurella pneumotropica biotypes "Jawetz" and "Heyl", Actinobacillus muris, and Haemophilus influenzaemurium. We used a set of six reference strains for assay development, with the melting profiles of these strains clearly distinguishable due to DNA sequence variations in the amplicon. For evaluation, we used real-time PCR/HRM to test 25 unknown Pasteurellaceae isolates obtained from an external diagnostic laboratory and found the results to be consistent with those of partial 16S rRNA sequencing. The real-time PCR/HRM method provides a sensitive, rapid, and closed-tube approach for Pasteurellaceae species identification for health monitoring of laboratory mice.
Topics: Animal Husbandry; Animals; DNA, Bacterial; Housing, Animal; Mice; Pasteurellaceae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rodent Diseases
PubMed: 26556281
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142560 -
Veterinary Microbiology May 2007The Pasteurellaceae contain a number of important animal pathogens. Although related, the various members of this family cause a diversity of pathology in a wide variety...
The Pasteurellaceae contain a number of important animal pathogens. Although related, the various members of this family cause a diversity of pathology in a wide variety of organ systems. Adhesion is an important virulence factor in bacterial infections. Surprisingly little is known about the adhesins of the Pasteurellaceae. To attempt to identify the genes coding for adhesins to some key components of the hosts extracellular matrix molecules, phage display libraries of fragmented genomic DNA from Haemophilus influenzae, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, were prepared in the phage display vector pG8SAET. The libraries were screened against human or porcine fibronectin, serum albumin or a commercial extracellular matrix containing type IV collagen, laminin and heparin sulphate. Four genes encoding putative adhesins were identified. These genes code for: (i) a 34 kDa human serum albumin binding protein from Haemophilus influenzae; (ii) a 12.8 kDa fibronectin-binding protein from Pasteurella multocida; (iii) a 13.7 kDa fibronectin-binding protein from A. actinomycetemcomitans; (iv) a 9.5 kDa serum albumin-binding protein from A. pleuropneumoniae. None of these genes have previously been proposed to code for adhesins. The applications of phage display with whole bacterial genomes to identify genes encoding novel adhesins in this family of bacteria are discussed.
Topics: Adhesins, Bacterial; Animals; Gene Expression Profiling; Genome, Bacterial; Genomics; Pasteurellaceae; Peptide Library; Protein Binding; Swine
PubMed: 17258409
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.12.022