-
Journal of Hazardous Materials Apr 2023Hydrogen peroxide (HO) is a vital signaling molecule in response to cadmium (Cd) stress in plants. However, the role of HO on Cd accumulation in root of different...
Hydrogen peroxide (HO) is a vital signaling molecule in response to cadmium (Cd) stress in plants. However, the role of HO on Cd accumulation in root of different Cd-accumulating rice lines remains unclear. Exogenous HO and 4-hydroxy-TEMPO (HO scavenger) were applied to investigate the physiological and molecular mechanisms of HO on Cd accumulation in the root of a high Cd-accumulating rice line Lu527-8 through hydroponic experiments. Interestingly, it was found Cd concentration in the root of Lu527-8 increased significantly when exposed to exogenous HO, while reduced significantly when exposed to 4-hydroxy-TEMPO under Cd stress, proving the role of HO in regulating Cd accumulation in Lu527-8. Lu527-8 showed more Cd and HO accumulation in the roots, along with more Cd accumulation in cell wall and soluble fraction, than the normal rice line Lu527-4. In particular, more pectin accumulation, especially low demethylated pectin, was observed in the root of Lu527-8 when exposed to exogenous HO under Cd stress, resulting in more negative functional groups with greater capacity to binding Cd in the root cell wall of Lu527-8. It indicated that HO-induced cell wall modification and vacuolar compartmentalization contributes greatly to more Cd accumulation in the root of the high Cd-accumulating rice line.
Topics: Oryza; Hydrogen Peroxide; Cadmium; Pectins
PubMed: 36860050
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130969 -
Materials Science & Engineering. C,... Dec 2014In this work, a novel injectable biocomposite hydrogel is produced by internal gelation, using pectin as organic matrix and hydroxyapatite either as crosslinking agent...
In this work, a novel injectable biocomposite hydrogel is produced by internal gelation, using pectin as organic matrix and hydroxyapatite either as crosslinking agent and inorganic reinforcement. Tunable gelling kinetics and rheological properties are obtained varying the hydrogels' composition, with the final aim of developing systems for cell immobilization. The reversibility by dissolution of pectin-hydroxyapatite hydrogels is achieved with saline solutions, to possibly accelerate the release of the cells or active agents immobilized. Texture analysis confirms the possibility of extruding the biocomposites from needles with diameters from 20 G to 30 G, indicating that they can be implanted with minimally-invasive approaches, minimizing the pain during injection and the side effects of the open surgery. L929 fibroblasts entrapped in the hydrogels survive to the immobilization procedure and exhibit high cell viability. On the overall, these systems result to be suitable supports for the immobilization of cells for tissue regeneration applications.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Cell Line; Cells, Immobilized; Gelatin; Hydrogels; Hydroxyapatites; Mice; Pectins; Rheology; Time Factors
PubMed: 25491814
DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.09.003 -
The Surgical Clinics of North America Dec 1988The varied blood supply of the colon and rectum has been described. It may be stated that the efficiency of any surgeon's hand is primarily dependent on the knowledge...
The varied blood supply of the colon and rectum has been described. It may be stated that the efficiency of any surgeon's hand is primarily dependent on the knowledge that guides it. Significant anatomic facts are described herein. An important blood supply to the terminal ileum comes from the generally unknown ileal artery, which, when absent, creates a critical, poorly vascularized area and thus an inappropriate area for an anastomosis. This right colic artery may be absent in 2 per cent. It may arise in common with the middle colic trunk (52 per cent). The middle colic artery is absent in 3 per cent. It occurs as a separate branch in 44 per cent and may be derived from celiac artery rarely. The inferior mesenteric artery divides into the left colic, which ascends to the splenic flexure, and a descending branch that continues downward as the superior rectal artery. The left colic artery may not reach the splenic flexure. The marginal artery may be interrupted or weakly represented at the splenic flexure. Therefore, one should perform a ligation of the left colic vessel before its bifurcation if the splenic flexure is to be preserved. The superior rectal artery is the main blood supply of the rectum. Its branching on the rectum is varied, but it has a rich anastomosis with the other rectal arteries, namely, the middle rectal and inferior rectal arteries. Sudeck's point is not critical. The middle rectal artery varies in number and origin and is not essential provided the inferior rectal artery is intact. The anatomy of the anal canal is described. The rectum is for a short distance surrounded by the anal canal with the external sphincter. The internal sphincter is the end of circular muscle of the rectum. The external sphincter can be thought of as one continuous muscle divided by longitudinal bands into three main parts: subcutaneous, superficial, and deep. Below the pectinate line in the anal canal, the nerve supply, lymphatic drainage, blood supply, and epithelium are different from that in the rectum.
Topics: Anal Canal; Colon; Humans; Ileum; Lymph Nodes; Mesenteric Arteries; Mesenteric Veins; Muscles; Rectum
PubMed: 3194816
DOI: 10.1016/s0039-6109(16)44680-3 -
Cytotechnology Apr 2019We found that strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) extract has an IgE production suppressive activity and its oral administration improved skin manifestation in atopic...
We found that strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) extract has an IgE production suppressive activity and its oral administration improved skin manifestation in atopic dermatitis model mice. In present study, we identified an active substance using the IgE-producing human myeloma cell line U266. Gel filtration experiment indicated that the IgE suppressor was more than 6 kDa in molecular size. In addition, its pectinase treatment inhibited the activity, suggesting that the active substance in strawberry extract is pectin. Among solutions of water-(WP), hexametaphosphate-(HXP), acid-(HP) and alkali soluble pectin (OHP) extracted from strawberry, only OHP suppressed IgE production, and their suppressive activity was cancelled by pectinase treatment. In addition, OHP extracted from apple also inhibited IgE production. Furthermore, OHP also suppressed IgE production and did not affect IgG and IgM production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in an in vitro immunization condition. From these results, we concluded that OHP was an IgE suppressor in strawberry extract.
PubMed: 30771057
DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00306-5 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Jun 2022In this research, sodium alginate-pectin composite (ALG-PEC CS) and nanocomposites (NCs) films with 0.5, 1, and 2 wt% TiO nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using CaCl...
In this research, sodium alginate-pectin composite (ALG-PEC CS) and nanocomposites (NCs) films with 0.5, 1, and 2 wt% TiO nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using CaCl and glutaraldehyde (Glu) as cross-linkers. The cross-linking produces rigid scaffolds for sedimentation of hydroxyapatite (HA), it can also decrease solubility in water and simulated body fluid (SBF) solution to 10% or less. The increase of the adsorbed water and SBF extends the pores and consequently the surface area for HA growth. Bioactive ability was confirmed via HA's presence on the all films. It was revealed that the film containing 2 wt% TiO NPs had the best bioactivity without any in vitro cytotoxicity on MG-63 cell line and the best antibacterial performance against Staphylococcus aureus, and after 1 h all the bacteria were killed.
Topics: Alginates; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Nanocomposites; Pectins; Titanium
PubMed: 35287854
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119226 -
Chirurgia Italiana 1994For a patient with a tumour in the anal canal or with the inferior margin 5 cm or less from the anal verge an abdominoperineal rectal excision with permanent sigmoid... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
For a patient with a tumour in the anal canal or with the inferior margin 5 cm or less from the anal verge an abdominoperineal rectal excision with permanent sigmoid colostomy is the only available treatment. The Turnbull-Cutait pull-through technique involved full mobilization of the rectum, complete eversion of the anorectal stump and pull-through of the colon, the excess of which was resected in the second stage of the operation, followed by suture of the colonic and rectal mucosa. Abdomino sacral resection has been practised by a few surgeons only. Abdominotransanal resection with sutured colo-anal sleeve anastomosis was the operation developed by Sir Alan Parks. In this operation the anorectal stump is not everted through the anus as in the Turnbull-Cutait operation. There has been a great revival of interest in low anterior resections with the introduction of the EEA instrument for stapling the colorectal anastomosis and there is still today a great enthusiasm for this technique. In an attempt to improve the results trial are going on at present to evaluate the importance of a J-configured neo-rectum constructed from the sigmoid or descending colon and stapled to the top of the anal canal or handsutured to the pectinate line after endoanal mucosectomy. Many patients with rectal carcinoma are old and often suffer from intercurrent diseases such as hypertension, diabetes etc. There is considerable postoperative complication. An abdominoperineal resection with a colostomy is by no means outdated for an ultralow or low sited rectal cancer.
Topics: Aged; Anal Canal; Anastomosis, Surgical; Colon; Colostomy; Humans; Methods; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Postoperative Complications; Rectal Neoplasms; Rectum; Surgical Staplers; Suture Techniques
PubMed: 7788804
DOI: No ID Found -
Carbohydrate Polymers Feb 2020Ultrasonication is an emerging nonthermal process to extract pectins and pectic-polysaccharides from natural sources. This review aimed to highlight recent results of... (Review)
Review
Ultrasonication is an emerging nonthermal process to extract pectins and pectic-polysaccharides from natural sources. This review aimed to highlight recent results of techno-functional (e.g., water and oil holding capacities, foaming capacity and stability, emulsifying activity, emulsion stability, rheological and pasting properties, and tin corrosion inhibitory activity) and biofunctional (e.g., antioxidant, antiradical, antiglycation, anticoagulant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulatory, and analgesic activities) properties of pectins extracted using both single and combined sonication modes. Integrating the ultrasound with other techniques (e.g., microwave heating and enzymatic digestion) can significantly increase the cell disruption, better penetration, and mass transfer of pectins at a shorter time. The ultrasound-microwave (UMAE) and ultrasound-enzyme (UEAE) assisted extraction systems compared to the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) can more improve the techno-functional quality of pectins and their body's healing capacity to accomplish optimum health and functioning. The current opportunities and promising perspectives are also presented to enhance the pectin bioavailability in clinical studies.
Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Chemical Fractionation; Emulsifying Agents; Fruit; Humans; Pectins; Ultrasonic Waves; Vegetables
PubMed: 31826438
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115474 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Apr 2022Nitric oxide (NO) is tightly associated with plant response against cadmium (Cd) stress in rice since NO impacts Cd accumulation via modulating cell wall components. In...
Nitric oxide amplifies cadmium binding in root cell wall of a high cadmium-accumulating rice (Oryza sativa L.) line by promoting hemicellulose synthesis and pectin demethylesterification.
Nitric oxide (NO) is tightly associated with plant response against cadmium (Cd) stress in rice since NO impacts Cd accumulation via modulating cell wall components. In the present study, we investigated that whether and how NO regulates Cd accumulation in root in two rice lines with different Cd accumulation ability. The variation of polysaccharides in root cell wall (RCW) of a high Cd-accumulating rice line Lu527-8 and a normal rice line Lu527-4 in response to Cd stress when exogenous NO supplied by sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor) was studied. Appreciable amounts of Cd distributed in RCW, in which most Cd ions were bound to pectin for the two rice lines when exposed to Cd. Exogenous NO upregulated the expression of OsPME11 and OsPME12 that were involved in pectin demethylesterification, resulting in more low methyl-esterified pectin and therefore stronger pectin-Cd binding. Exogenous NO also enhanced the concentration of hemicellulose and the amount of Cd ions in it. These results demonstrate that NO-induced more Cd binding in RCW in the two rice lines through promoting pectin demethylesterification and increasing hemicellulose accumulation. Higher OsPMEs expression and more hemicellulose synthesis contributed to more Cd immobilization in RCW of the high Cd-accumulating rice line Lu527-8. The main findings of this study reveal the regulation of NO on cell wall polysaccharides modification under Cd stress and help to elucidate the physiological and molecular mechanism of NO participating in Cd responses of rice.
PubMed: 35278988
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113404 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Jun 2022Cell wall pectin is essential for cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice roots and hydrogen peroxide (HO) plays an important role as a signaling molecule in cell wall...
Cell wall pectin is essential for cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice roots and hydrogen peroxide (HO) plays an important role as a signaling molecule in cell wall modification. The role of HO in Cd binding in cell wall pectin is unclear. D62B, a Cd-safe rice line, was found to show a greater Cd binding capacity in the root cell wall than a high Cd-accumulating rice line of Wujin4B. In this study, we further investigated the mechanism of the role of HO in Cd binding in root cell wall pectin of D62B compared with Wujin4B. Cd treatment significantly increased the HO concentration and pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity in the roots of D62B and Wujin4B by 22.45-42.44% and 12.15-15.07%, respectively. The HO concentration and PME activity significantly decreased in the roots of both rice lines when HO was scavenged by 4-hydroxy-Tempo. The PME activity of D62B was higher than that of Wujin4B. The concentrations of high and low methyl-esterified pectin in the roots of D62B significantly increased when exposed to Cd alone but significantly decreased when exposed to Cd and exogenous 4-hydroxy-Tempo. No significant difference was detected in Wujin4B. Exogenous 4-hydroxy-Tempo significantly decreased the Cd concentration in the cell wall pectin in both rice lines. The modification of HO in Cd binding was further explored by adding HO. The maximum Cd adsorption amounts on the root cell walls of both rice lines were improved by exogenous HO·HO treatment significantly influenced the relative peak area of the main functional groups (hydroxyl, carboxyl), and the groups intensely shifted after Cd adsorption in the root cell wall of D62B, while there was no significant difference in Wujin4B. In conclusion, Cd stress stimulated the production of HO, thus promoting pectin biosynthesis and demethylation and releasing relative functional groups involved in Cd binding on cell wall pectin, which is beneficial for Cd retention in the roots of Cd-safe rice line.
Topics: Cadmium; Cell Wall; Hydrogen Peroxide; Oryza; Pectins; Plant Roots; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 35453023
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113526 -
Chemosphere Jan 2022Cadmium (Cd) remobilization in leaves is affected by whether Cd is stored in nonlabile subcellular compartments, which might be regulated by silicon (Si) application....
Cadmium (Cd) remobilization in leaves is affected by whether Cd is stored in nonlabile subcellular compartments, which might be regulated by silicon (Si) application. However, the underlying mechanism is still far from being completely understood. In this research, the Cd distribution pattern in leaves and a Cd-binding characterization in the cell wall of the low-Cd rice line YaHui2816 were investigated through one hydroponic experiment with 10 μM Cd in solutions. Foliar Si application was further adopted to explore its influence on the Cd accumulation in the cell walls of leaves in YaHui2816. Most of the Cd (69.4%) was distributed in the cell walls of YaHui2816 leaves, whereas the isolated cell walls of leaves from YaHui2816 exhibited a lower capacity for Cd chemisorption than the contrasting line C268A, which was resulted from its fewer relative peak areas of functional groups in the cell wall, such as carboxyl CO and OH stretching. Foliar Si application significantly increased the Cd concentration in leaves and various cell wall fractions (pectin, hemicellulose 1 and residue) by 191% and 137-160%, respectively. RNA-seq analysis revealed that foliar Si application depressed the expression of the metal transporters OsZIP7 and OsZIP8, up-regulated the expression of genes participating in the glutathione metabolism and the cellulose synthesis. Overall, the influence of foliar Si application on Cd-accumulation in the cell wall of leaves in a low-Cd rice line was demonstrated in this research, which inspires further avenues to ensure the food safety of rice grains.
Topics: Cadmium; Cell Wall; Oryza; Plant Leaves; Silicon; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 34592211
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132374