-
Cells Feb 2024In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of grapefruit IntegroPectin, derived from industrial waste grapefruit peels via hydrodynamic cavitation, on...
In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of grapefruit IntegroPectin, derived from industrial waste grapefruit peels via hydrodynamic cavitation, on microglia cells exposed to oxidative stress conditions. Grapefruit IntegroPectin fully counteracted cell death and the apoptotic process induced by cell exposure to tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBH), a powerful hydroperoxide. The protective effects of the grapefruit IntegroPectin were accompanied with a decrease in the amount of ROS, and were strictly dependent on the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt cascade. Finally, IntegroPectin treatment inhibited the neuroinflammatory response and the basal microglia activation by down-regulating the PI3K- nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB)- inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) cascade. These data strongly support further investigations aimed at exploring IntegroPectin's therapeutic role in in vivo models of neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by a combination of chronic neurodegeneration, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
Topics: Humans; Microglia; Citrus paradisi; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cell Line
PubMed: 38391968
DOI: 10.3390/cells13040355 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2022Gravity is known as an important environmental factor involved in the regulation of plant architecture. To identify genes related to the gravitropism of Tartary...
Gravity is known as an important environmental factor involved in the regulation of plant architecture. To identify genes related to the gravitropism of Tartary buckwheat, a creeping line was obtained and designated as from the mutant bank by Co-γ ray radiation. Genetic analysis indicated that the creeping phenotype of was attributed to a single recessive locus. As revealed by the horizontal and inverted suspension tests, was completely lacking in shoot negative gravitropism. The creeping growth of occurred at the early seedling stage, which could not be recovered by exogenous heteroauxin, hormodin, α-rhodofix, or gibberellin. Different from the well-organized and equivalent cell elongation of wild type (WT), exhibited dilated, distorted, and abnormally arranged cells in the bending stem. However, no statistical difference of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels was found between the far- and near-ground bending sides in , which suggests that the asymmetric cell elongation of was not induced by auxin gradient. Whereas, showed up-expressed gibberellin-regulated genes by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) as well as significantly higher levels of gibberellin, suggesting that gibberellin might be partly involved in the regulation of creeping growth in . RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) identified a number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to gravitropism at stages I (before bending), II (bending), and III (after bending) between WT and . Venn diagram indicated that only was down-expressed at stages I [Log fold change (LogFC): -3.20], II (LogFC: -4.97), and III (LogFC: -1.23) in , compared with WT. Gene sequencing revealed that a fragment deletion occurred in the coding region of , which induced the destruction of a pbH domain in of . qRT-PCR indicated that was extremely down-expressed in at stage II (0.02-fold of WT). Meanwhile, showed the affected expression of lignin- and cellulose-related genes and cumulatively abnormal levels of pectin, lignin, and cellulose. These results demonstrate the possibility that functions as the key gene that could mediate primary cell wall metabolism and get involved in the asymmetric cell elongation regulation of .
PubMed: 35574111
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.815131 -
Medicine Dec 2021The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bismuth pectin capsules and bismuth pectin granules in the first-line quadruple treatment of... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bismuth pectin capsules and bismuth pectin granules in the first-line quadruple treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori).
METHODS
This study was a multicenter, randomized, open-labelled controlled clinical trial. Patients with a H. pylori infection were randomized into 4 groups (1:1:1:1) and treated with a 14-day bismuth-containing quadruple therapy. The 4 groups received either bismuth potassium citrate capsules (220 mg), colloidal bismuth pectin capsules (200 mg), bismuth pectin granules (150 mg), or bismuth pectin granules (300 mg). The primary outcome was the eradication rate of H. pylori. The secondary outcomes included symptom improvement, patient compliance, and incidence of adverse events. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04209933).
RESULTS
A total of 240 patients were included in this study, and 211 patients completed the follow-up. An intention-to-treat analysis showed that the H. pylori eradication rates of the 4 groups were 73.3%, 76.7%, 75.0%, and 71.7%, respectively. The per-protocol analysis showed that the H. pylori eradication rates of the 4 groups were 86.3%, 82.1%, 83.3%, and 86.0%. There was no significant difference among the 4 groups in the H. pylori eradication rate (P > .05). There were also no significant differences in the symptom improvement rate, overall adverse reaction rate, or patient compliance among the 4 groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Bismuth pectin capsules and bismuth pectin granules had similar efficacy and safety for H. pylori eradication compared to bismuth potassium citrate. These data suggest that bismuth pectin can be an alternative to bismuth potassium citrate to eradicate H. pylori when using bismuth-containing quadruple therapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bismuth; Capsules; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Potassium Citrate; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34918639
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000027923 -
Plant, Cell & Environment May 2019Salt stress is a major environmental threat to meeting the food demands of an increasing global population. The identification and exploitation of salt adaption...
Salt stress is a major environmental threat to meeting the food demands of an increasing global population. The identification and exploitation of salt adaption mechanisms in plants are therefore vital for crop breeding. We here define the rice mutant (sstm1) whose salt sensitivity was unambiguously assigned to a single T-DNA insertion through segregational analysis following backcrossing to the wild type line. Insertion was within OsTSD2, which encoded a pectin methyltransferase. The sstm1 and allelic mutants, collectively known as tsd2, displayed higher content of Na and lower level of K in the shoot, which is likely to lead to reduced salt tolerance. Molecular analysis revealed reduced expression of the genes maintaining K /Na homeostasis in tsd2, including OsHKT1;5, OsSOS1, and OsKAT1. Furthermore, OsTSD2 influenced ion distribution between the hull and the rice seed, which could improve food safety with heavy metal pollution. Amino acid levels tended to be increased in tsd2 mutants, implicating a role of pectin in the regulation of metabolism. Taken together, we have demonstrated an important facet of salt tolerance, which implicated OsTSD2-mediated cell wall pectin modification as a key component that could be widely applied in crop science.
Topics: Cell Wall; Genes, Plant; Homeostasis; Methyltransferases; Mutation; Oryza; Pectins; Potassium; Salt Tolerance; Seeds; Sodium
PubMed: 30536744
DOI: 10.1111/pce.13499 -
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies Jun 2022Polysaccharides from wampee have been reported to process various biological activities, while the relationship between structure and bioactivities has been barely...
BACKGROUND
Polysaccharides from wampee have been reported to process various biological activities, while the relationship between structure and bioactivities has been barely addressed. Pectin, an abundant water-soluble polysaccharide in wampee, showed significant antioxidant activity, which was associated with the anti-melanogenic activity. Therefore, this study investigated the physicochemical characteristics and the anti-melanogenesis effect of pectin extracted from wampee fruit in A375 cells.
METHODS
The physicochemical characterization of pectin from wampee fruit was investigated by gel chromatography (GCP), FT-IR spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy methods. The anti-melanogenesis effects and mechanism were evaluated by mushroom tyrosine enzyme and human melanin cell model in vitro.
RESULTS
The results showed that a molecular weight of 5.271 × 10 Da wampee fruit pectin (WFP) were mainly composed of mannose (Man), ribose (Rib), rhamnose (Rha), glucuronic acid (Glc A), glucose (Glc), galacturonic acid (Gal A), galactose (Gal), and arabinose (Ara), which linked with →4)-β-D-Galp-(1 → units. The current study revealed that WFP could significantly suppress mushroom TRY activity in vitro. Furtherly, WFP significantly reduced intracellular and extracellular melanin formation in A375 melanoma cells depending on the presence of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH). TRY activity was only inhibited in α-MSH treated A375 cells. Western blot analysis demonstrated that WFP reverse α-MSH induced melanogenesis in A375 melanoma cells, including in down-regulated TRY, TYRP-1, TYRP-2, MITF and CREB expressions.
CONCLUSION
These results indicated that WFP could inhibit α-MSH induced melanogenesis in A375 melanoma cells via α-MSH/TRY pathway. In conclusion, these data provided a new perspective to annotate WFP anti-melanogenesis activity mechanism.
Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Fruit; Humans; Melanins; Melanoma; Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor; Monophenol Monooxygenase; Pectins; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; alpha-MSH
PubMed: 35752787
DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03646-6 -
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Mar 2024Traction has become the reference strategy for colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). One of its major limitations is that the force of traction decreases as...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Traction has become the reference strategy for colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). One of its major limitations is that the force of traction decreases as dissection progresses. The ATRACT traction device uses a pulley system to increase traction during the procedure, making it easier and faster. A retrospective study of 54 cases showed interesting results in terms of efficacy and safety throughout the digestive tract. We sought to confirm these initial results with a prospective study of resections of colorectal lesions.
METHODS
In this prospective multicenter study, 5 experienced operators from 3 different centers each performed 10 procedures using the ATRACT device consecutively for all conventional colorectal ESDs measuring between 4 and 10 cm in conventional locations (no recurrent lesions, appendicular, of the ileo-cecal valve, in contact with the pectinate line or measuring more than 2/3 of the circumference).
RESULTS
Between November 2022 and April 2023, 50 ESDs were performed in 49 patients. On average, the main diameter of the lesions was 66.6 mm, with a surface area of 3066 mm2. The mean operating time was 55.2 minutes, resulting in a mean resection speed of 61.4 mm2/min. En Bloc and R0 resection rates were 100% and 98% respectively. Resections were curative in 94% of cases. 4 perforations (8%) occurred, all of which were closed endoscopically without the need for surgery. 1 case of delayed hemorrhage (2%) was noted. To date, this is the series with the highest resection speeds in the literature for colorectal ESD. For comparison, Yamamoto et al. reported a speed of 23.5 mm2/min using the "pocket" strategy and Bordillon et al. reported a speed of 39.1 mm2/min using the double-clip traction technique. These results need to be confirmed in larger studies, and in non-expert centers.
CONCLUSIONS
This prospective evaluation confirms the efficacy and safety of the adaptive traction strategy with the ATRACT device for colorectal ESD with high resection speed.
PubMed: 38458261
DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2024.02.032 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Jan 2022Renal fibrosis is the final common result of a variety of progressive injuries leading to chronic renal failure. However, there are no effective clinical available drugs...
Renal fibrosis is the final common result of a variety of progressive injuries leading to chronic renal failure. However, there are no effective clinical available drugs for the treatment. Notoginsenoside from Panax notoginseng could ameliorate renal fibrosis. We hypothesized that polysaccharide from this herb might have similar bioactivity. Here, we elucidated structure of a novel pectin-like polysaccharide designed SQD4S2 with a netty antenna backbone of glucogalacturonan substituted by glucoarabinan, glucurogalactan and galactose residues from this herb. Interestingly, SQD4S2 could reverse the morphological changes of human renal tubular HK-2 cells induced by TGF-β. Mechanism study suggested that this bioactivity might associate with N-cadherin (CDH2), Snail (SNAI1), Slug (SNAI2) depression and E-cadherin (CDH1) enhancement. In addition, SQD4S2 could impede critical fibrogenesis associated molecules such as α-SMA, fibronectin, vimentin, COL1A1, COL3A1, FN1 and ACTA2 expression induced by TGF-β in HK-2 cells. Current findings outline a novel leading polysaccharide for against renal fibrosis new drug development.
Topics: Actins; Cadherins; Cell Line; Epithelial Cells; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Fibronectins; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Tubules; Panax notoginseng; Pectins; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Vimentin
PubMed: 34823789
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118772 -
European Journal of Pharmacology Nov 2019Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is caused by the restoration of the coronary blood flow following an ischemic episode. Accumulating evidence suggests that...
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is caused by the restoration of the coronary blood flow following an ischemic episode. Accumulating evidence suggests that galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding lectin, acts as a biomarker in heart disease. However, it remains unclear whether manipulating galectin-3 affects the susceptibility of the heart to IR injury. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis identified that Lgals3 (galecin-3) plays an indispensable role in IR-induced cardiac damage. Immunostaining and immunoblot assays confirmed that the expression of galectin-3 was markedly increased in myocardial IR injury both in vivo and in vitro. Echocardiographic analysis showed that cardiac dysfunction in experimental IR injury was significantly attenuated by galectin-3 inhibitors including pectin (1%, i.p.) from citrus and binding peptide G3-C12 (5.0 mg/kg, i.p.). Galectin-3 inhibitor-treated mice exhibited smaller infarct sizes and decreased tissue injury. Furthermore, TUNEL staining showed that galectin-3 inhibition suppressed IR-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) levels were well-preserved and IR-induced changes of mitochondrial cyto c, cytosol cyto c, caspase-9, caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax in the galectin-3 inhibitor-treated groups were observed. Our findings indicate that the pathological upregulation of galectin-3 contributes to IR-induced cardiac dysfunction and that galectin-3 inhibition ameliorates myocardial injury, highlighting its therapeutic potential.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cardiotonic Agents; Cell Line; Galectin 3; Heart; Homeostasis; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mitochondria; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Pectins; Peptides; Up-Regulation
PubMed: 31568784
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172701 -
Biology Jul 2022Improved cellulose biosynthesis and plant biomass represent important economic targets for several biotechnological applications including bioenergy and biofuel...
Improved cellulose biosynthesis and plant biomass represent important economic targets for several biotechnological applications including bioenergy and biofuel production. The attempts to increase the biosynthesis of cellulose by overexpressing CesAs proteins, components of the cellulose synthase complex, has not always produced consistent results. Analyses of morphological and molecular data and of the chemical composition of cell walls showed that tobacco plants (F1 line), stably expressing the CesA6 fused to GFP, exhibits a "giant" phenotype with no apparent other morphological aberrations. In the F1 line, all evaluated growth parameters, such as stem and root length, leaf size, and lignified secondary xylem, were significantly higher than in wt. Furthermore, F1 line exhibited increased flower and seed number, and an advance of about 20 days in the anthesis. In the leaves of F1 seedlings, the expression of primary (, , and ) was enhanced, as well as of proteins involved in the biosynthesis of non-cellulosic polysaccharides (xyloglucans and galacturonans, , ), cell wall remodeling ( and XTHs), and cell expansion ( and ). While in leaves the expression level of all secondary cell wall (, , and ) did not change significantly, both primary and secondary were differentially expressed in the stem. The amount of cellulose and matrix polysaccharides significantly increased in the F1 seedlings with no differences in pectin and hemicellulose glycosyl composition. Our results highlight the potentiality to overexpress primary in tobacco plants to enhance cellulose synthesis and biomass production.
PubMed: 36009766
DOI: 10.3390/biology11081139 -
International Journal of Colorectal... Mar 2016The anal sinuses, small furrows above the pectinate line, sometimes form perianal abscesses in adults. We examined the pattern of fetal growth of the anal sinus and...
PURPOSE AND METHODS
The anal sinuses, small furrows above the pectinate line, sometimes form perianal abscesses in adults. We examined the pattern of fetal growth of the anal sinus and sphincters using 22 mid-term (8-18 weeks) and 6 late-stage (30-38 weeks) fetuses.
RESULTS
In mid-term fetuses, the external and internal sphincters gradually increased in thickness, depending on specimen size (from 0.2 to 1.5 mm), whereas the anteroposterior diameter of the anal canal at the epithelial junction was relatively stable (0.5-1.0 mm) irrespective of specimen size. Anal canal diameter increased less than twofold between mid-term and late-stage fetuses, from 0.5-1.0 to almost 2 mm, whereas sphincter thickness increased over tenfold, from 0.2-1.5 to almost 3.5 mm. The anal sinus often showed balloon-like enlargement when the sphincter muscle bundles were tightly packed in mid-term, but not in late-stage fetuses.
CONCLUSIONS
Large concentric mechanical stress from the sphincters in late-stage fetuses apparently prevented the anal sinus from expanding in a balloon-like manner. Conversely, to avoid anal stenosis, the growing sinuses maintained a luminal space of the anal canal in response to stress from rapidly growing sphincters. The inferiorly extending sinus usually provided temporal double canals separated by a thick column. In the presence of double lumens, anal canal duplication is likely to develop without any abnormalities of the anal epithelium and sphincters.
Topics: Anal Canal; Crown-Rump Length; Fetal Development; Fetus; Humans
PubMed: 26615552
DOI: 10.1007/s00384-015-2455-8