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Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces... Jul 2020Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of microorganisms, based on the ability of photosensitizers to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) under adequate irradiation, emerges...
Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of microorganisms, based on the ability of photosensitizers to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) under adequate irradiation, emerges as a promising technique to face the increasing bacterial resistance to conventional antimicrobials. In this work, we analyze the combined action of Riboflavin (Rf) and pectin-coated gold nanoparticles (PecAuNP) on () and () as suitable PDI strategy. We demonstrate that gold ions can be generated upon Rf-photosensitized oxidation of PecAuNP. Transient absorption spectroscopy shows that the Rf cationic radical can accept an electron from the nanoparticles to yield Au(I) ions, which in aqueous medium is disproportionate to yield Au and Au(III). Microbiological assays showed that the presence of PecAuNP enhanced the antibacterial activity of photoirradiated Rf toward and , in line with the well-known antibacterial activity of gold ions. Moreover, the irradiation of Rf solutions containing about 100 μM PecAuNP enabled the solutions to be bactericidal against both bacteria.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Gold; Metal Nanoparticles; Photosensitizing Agents; Riboflavin; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 32569473
DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01473 -
Annals of Palliative Medicine Oct 2021Melanoma is derived from malignancies of melanocytes. Anorectal melanoma differs significantly from cutaneous melanoma in clinical presentation, genetic profile, staging...
Melanoma is derived from malignancies of melanocytes. Anorectal melanoma differs significantly from cutaneous melanoma in clinical presentation, genetic profile, staging system, and response to treatment. Anorectal melanoma is seldom diagnosed because most melanoma occurrences are found in the skin tissues. Here, we report 1 case of advanced anorectal melanoma, including its clinical presentation, laboratory findings, imaging, surgical treatment, and pathology. The patient complained of hematochezia and tenesmus. Colonoscopy, computed tomography (CT) scan and digital rectal examination (DRE) revealed a mass near the pectinate line. The patient underwent proctectomy along with colostomy, and subsequent pathological examinations suggested anorectal melanoma with serosa involvement (positive markers: S100, HMB-45, etc.). Evidence-based analyses (single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression) were conducted on the tumor tissue to identify the sensitivity to adjuvant therapies. SNP tests suggested no definite efficacies of commonly used chemotherapeutic agents, with PD-L1 expression implying poor sensitivity to PD-L1 inhibitors. The postoperative recovery was uneventful and the patient was discharged on day 7 after admission. However, the patient refused adjuvant therapies and died 11 months after surgery. In conclusion, anorectal melanoma tends to be mistaken for other common diseases in this region owing to its non-specific clinical presentations. Multidisciplinary treatments are recommended to yield the best possible outcome, despite poor prognosis.
Topics: Anus Neoplasms; B7-H1 Antigen; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Melanoma; Precision Medicine; Rectal Neoplasms; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 34763479
DOI: 10.21037/apm-21-2240 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Mar 2023The aim of this study was to identify the individual and interacting effects of varying the mechanical properties of two inserts (к-carrageenan beads; 1, 2 and 4% w/w...
The aim of this study was to identify the individual and interacting effects of varying the mechanical properties of two inserts (к-carrageenan beads; 1, 2 and 4% w/w and/or agar-based disks; 0.3, 1.2 and 3% w/w) in pectin-based gels on the perception of textural complexity. A full factorial design was utilised, 16 samples were characterised with sensory and instrumental tests. Rate-All-That-Apply (RATA) was performed by 50 untrained participants. RATA selection frequency provided different information to attribute intensity regarding the detection of low yield stress inserts. In the two-component samples, the perception of textural complexity (n = 89) increased with insert yield stress for both к-carrageenan beads and agar disks. However, with the addition of medium and high yield stress к-carrageenan beads to three-component samples, the increases in perceived textural complexity caused by increased agar yield stress were eliminated. The definition of textural complexity, the number and intensity of texture sensations, as well as their interactions and contrasts, was in line with the results, and the hypothesis that not only mechanical properties but also the interaction of components play a key role in the perception of textural complexity.
Topics: Humans; Agar; Carrageenan; Food; Pectins; Perception
PubMed: 36869533
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112533 -
International Journal of Biological... Aug 2018The most notable and unique property of pectin is its ability to form gels, which is the foundation of its many functions and applications. To obtain the desired pectin...
The most notable and unique property of pectin is its ability to form gels, which is the foundation of its many functions and applications. To obtain the desired pectin hydrogel beads for tissue engineering or biological applications, the combined effect of the key factors of gel properties of calcium pectinate (CP) beads were investigated by response surface methodology (RSM). The results derived from RSM indicated that the model equation of average size and mechanical stability were significant and could be used to describe the process under a wide range of preparation conditions. The optimum condition for preparing variables were gained graphically. Moreover, the degree of methyl-esterification (DE) of pectin and pectin - calcium concentrates showed significant and combined effort on sphericity factor (SF). The mechanical stability of CP beads was significantly affected by the quadratic contributions of the pectin concentration, the interaction effects between pectin and calcium concentration, and the linear contribution of pectin concentration. The viability and proliferation of cells encapsulated in optimal CP beads demonstrated that the optimal formula results in better gel properties and are more suitable to cell encapsulation.
Topics: Capsules; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Pectins
PubMed: 29654856
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.048 -
Food and Chemical Toxicology : An... Jul 2019In this study, a unique citrus species (Citrus australasica) was selected, and its fruit characteristics, phenolic compounds and ability to inhibit inflammation were...
In this study, a unique citrus species (Citrus australasica) was selected, and its fruit characteristics, phenolic compounds and ability to inhibit inflammation were preliminarily studied. Finger lime fruits showed distinctive features in shape, size, weight, colour, total soluble solids, water-soluble pectin, sugar and acids contents. Combining UPLC-HRMS and UPLC-DAD analysis, 31 phenolics, 1 secoiridoid derivative and 1 neolignan glycoside were preliminarily identified and quantified. The phenolics composition of finger limes showed cultivar and tissue specificity. Antioxidant evaluation showed that extracts from finger lime cultivar of 'XiangBin' exhibited better antioxidant capacities than cultivar of 'LiSiKe', especially in peel. LPS-induced NO-releasing model was performed in the mouse microglia BV-2 cell line. Results illustrated that finger limes inhibited the NO-releasing and the inflammation-related cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα elevation. QRT-PCR revealed that finger lime extracts alleviated LPS-induced upregulation of iNOS, IL-6, JAK2, TNFα, TLR2, TLR4, IL-1β, NF-κB and LPS-induced downregulation of IκBα. This study may expand our knowledge on the physiochemical characteristics and bioactive properties of citrus fruits.
Topics: Acids; Animals; Antioxidants; Cell Line; Chromatography, Liquid; Citrus; Down-Regulation; Inflammation Mediators; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice; Microglia; Nitric Oxide; Pectins; Phenols; Sugars; Up-Regulation
PubMed: 30978372
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.04.006 -
Nutrition and Cancer Jan 2018Pectin and especially modified citrus pectin possesses anticancer activity. Hence, the current study investigated anticancer activity of ultrasonic-modified sweet potato...
BACKGROUND
Pectin and especially modified citrus pectin possesses anticancer activity. Hence, the current study investigated anticancer activity of ultrasonic-modified sweet potato pectin (SPP) on HT-29 cells to assess its potential as a cancer therapeutic agent.
METHOD
The effect of ultrasonic treatment on SPP molecular weight, galacturonic acid content, degree of methoxylation, and neutral sugar was investigated. Moreover, the effect of sonicated variant on human HT-29 cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay, cell cytotoxicity, and apoptosis by Annexin V/PI flow cytometer and caspase-3 activity was studied.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Sonication led up to seven-fold decrease in molecular weight. The degree of methoxylation (DM) decreased more than two-fold. Moreover, the galacturonic acid (GalA) content increased up to 92%, arabinose and galactose content increased. The SSPP inhibited cell proliferation with the IC values 0.5 mg/ml and 0.75 mg/ml for 400 W and 200 W SSPP, respectively. Moreover, 14.41 ± 1.64% cell cytotoxicity was elicited by 400 W SSPP and 6.83 ± 0.80% by 200 W SSPP. Both SSPPs induced apoptosis with 400 W SSPP eliciting 19.42% and 42.21% apoptosis at 0.1 and 0.5 mg/ml, while 200 W SSPP induced 13.79% and 39.50% apoptosis at 0.1 and 0.5 mg/ml, respectively. SSPP activity increased with both increased concentration and sonication intensity.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Apoptosis; Caspase 3; Cell Proliferation; HT29 Cells; Hexuronic Acids; Humans; Ipomoea batatas; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Molecular Weight; Pectins; Ultrasonics
PubMed: 29227691
DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1406123 -
International Journal of Biological... Oct 2023Citrus paradisi Macf. cv. Changshanhuyou and Citrus paradisi Macf. cv. Star Ruby are two emerging processed citrus fruits. The processing produces lots of peel wastes...
Citrus paradisi Macf. cv. Changshanhuyou and Citrus paradisi Macf. cv. Star Ruby are two emerging processed citrus fruits. The processing produces lots of peel wastes rich in pectin. While more attentions were paid on pectin's functional properties, the quality about commercial application like gel grade was little investigated. In this study, we established a method for gel grade determination based on texture analyzer, the new method is economical and can be used on a large scale in the laboratory. The commercial application related qualities of two citrus pectins were also studied in detail. The results showed that the yields of Changshanhuyou and Star Ruby pectins (CHP and SRP) were 20.23 % and 18.33 %, respectively. The indexes of CHP and SRP mostly were in line with the commodity standards, except the dry weight loss. The gel grades of CHP and SRP determined by the new method were 109.9 and 96.8, respectively. The CHP aqueous solution exhibited higher apparent viscosity and better performance in stabilizing acidified milk drink (AMD) compared with commercial pectin. From the view of commercial application related qualities and functional properties, CHP could be a good potential commercial pectin.
PubMed: 37541470
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126129 -
Food Chemistry Sep 2023The main by-product from olive oil extraction (alperujo) was extracted with hot water, citric acid, natural deep eutectic solvent (choline chloride: citric acid), and...
The main by-product from olive oil extraction (alperujo) was extracted with hot water, citric acid, natural deep eutectic solvent (choline chloride: citric acid), and only choline chloride. The purified extracts were composed of macromolecular complexes constituting polyphenols associated with pectin. The extracts were structurally characterized by FT-IR and solid-NMR spectroscopy and an in vitro test revealed distinct antioxidant and antiproliferative activity, depending on the extracting agents. The choline chloride-extracted complex contained the highest amount of polyphenols among the examined agents, which exhibited a strong antioxidant activity and significant antiproliferative capacity. However, the complex extracted by hot water showed the highest antiproliferative capacity in vitro against the colon carcinoma Caco-2 cell line. In this finding, choline chloride could be used as a novel, green and promising alternative to the conventional extracting agent for the production of complexes that combine the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds and the physiological effects of pectic polysaccharides.
Topics: Humans; Polyphenols; Pectins; Plant Extracts; Choline; Olea; Antioxidants; Caco-2 Cells; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Solvents; Water; Citric Acid
PubMed: 37030208
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136073 -
IEEE Transactions on Nanobioscience Jan 2023pH-sensitive pectin beads were proposed as a protective capsule for layered zinc hydroxide-drug (LZH-Drug) nanohybrids in the gastrointestinal tract in this paper....
pH-sensitive pectin beads were proposed as a protective capsule for layered zinc hydroxide-drug (LZH-Drug) nanohybrids in the gastrointestinal tract in this paper. Baclofen was intercalated between LZH layers using the co-precipitation method as a model drug. By combining LZH-baclofen with pectin, the resulting nanohybrid (LZH-baclofen) was used to make bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads. FTIR, XRD, and SEM analyses were used to characterize the produced products. Baclofen anions are vertical to the LZH layers in the shape of a monolayer, according to the interlayer space of 19.6Å. The presence of nanocomposites is demonstrated by FTIR, which exhibits a peak at 3489 cm-1 for the OH group, 1564 and 1384 cm-1 for the-COO- vibration mode, indicating that baclofen is intercalated between the layered structures. After intercalation, baclofen's thermal stability is greatly improved. The nanohybrid is more compact, with agglomerates and flat surfaces of the intercalated substance, shown by SEM. In vitro release behaviors of baclofen from LZH and bio-nanocomposites in buffer solution were examined under pH values (pH = 1.2, 6.8, 7.4) chosen from a model of the passing materials through the gastrointestinal tract. For pectin encapsulated LZH-baclofen nanohybrid, drug release studies indicated superior protection against stomach pH and regulated release under intestinal tract conditions. Furthermore, nanohybrid and nanocomposite treatment of a normal fibroblast cell line resulted in cell survival up to 12.5 g/mL for a 24-h period, with inhibition reducing dose-dependently at higher concentrations. A novel intercalation molecule with a sustained release mode and improved toxicity against normal fibroblast cell lines has been produced as a result of the strong host-guest contacts between the LZH lattice and the baclofen anion. Further study into the utilization of brucite-like host materials in drug delivery systems should be based on these findings.
Topics: Baclofen; Delayed-Action Preparations; Pectins; Hydroxides; Nanocomposites
PubMed: 35294354
DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2022.3155785 -
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research Sep 2021Intestinal mucositis is a common side effect of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin, which is characterized by severe Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2-mediated...
SCOPE
Intestinal mucositis is a common side effect of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin, which is characterized by severe Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2-mediated inflammation. The dietary fiber pectin is shown to prevent this intestinal inflammation through direct inhibition of TLR2 in a microbiota-independent manner. Recent in vitro studies show that inhibition of TLR2 is determined by the number and distribution of methyl-esters of pectins. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the degree of methyl-esterification (DM) and the degree of blockiness (DB) of pectins determine attenuating efficacy on doxorubicin-induced intestinal mucositis.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Four structurally different pectins that differed in DM and DB are tested on inhibitory effects on murine TLR2 in vitro, and on doxorubicin-induced intestinal mucositis in mice. These data demonstrate that low DM pectins or intermediate DM pectins with high DB have the strongest inhibitory impact on murine TLR2-1 and the strongest attenuating effect on TLR2-induced apoptosis and peritonitis. Intermediate DM pectin with a low DB is, however, also effective in preventing the induction of doxorubicin-induced intestinal damage.
CONCLUSION
These pectin structures with stronger TLR2-inhibiting properties may prevent the development of doxorubicin-induced intestinal damage in patients undergoing chemotherapeutic treatment with doxorubicin.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Apoptosis; Cell Line; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Doxorubicin; Esterification; Female; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mucositis; Pectins; Peritonitis; Structure-Activity Relationship; Toll-Like Receptor 2; Mice
PubMed: 34268870
DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100222