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Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis 1994The increase in the incidence of HIV-1 infection in women of child bearing age has resulted in a surge in the number of cases of pediatric AIDS. The World Health... (Review)
Review
The increase in the incidence of HIV-1 infection in women of child bearing age has resulted in a surge in the number of cases of pediatric AIDS. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that the number of cases of pediatric AIDS worldwide will be at least 10 million by the year 2000. This alarming statistic underscores the need for accurate prediction and diagnosis of pediatric HIV-1 infection which is of paramount importance for the initiation of effective therapeutic interventions. Since circulating maternal anti-HIV-1 antibody persists in the baby for up to 21 months, early conventional serological diagnosis of infection is not possible. Other methods for diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in a child less than 2 years of age have been utilized including the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), measurements of the HIV-1 p24 core protein and anti-HIV-1 IgA, as well in vitro measurements of antibody producing cells. In addition, the ability to predict HIV-1 infection in the child based upon maternal humoral immune responses to the envelope glycoprotein has also been suggested. This review summarizes the recent serological, biological and molecular methodologies used to predict and diagnose pediatric HIV-1 infection and AIDS.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Child; Female; HIV-1; Humans; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious
PubMed: 7807285
DOI: 10.1002/jcla.1860080509 -
Current Opinion in Pediatrics Apr 1995Therapy of pediatric AIDS utilizes antiretroviral compounds; antibiotic, antifungal, and antiparasitic agents; and both active and passive immunization in a... (Review)
Review
Therapy of pediatric AIDS utilizes antiretroviral compounds; antibiotic, antifungal, and antiparasitic agents; and both active and passive immunization in a multifactorial approach. Currently, newly diagnosed pediatric AIDS cases are acquired predominantly through vertical transmission from HIV-infected mothers. Pediatric AIDS research is focused on strategies to prevent vertical transmission of HIV infection as well as therapy against opportunistic and progressive HIV disease. Zidovudine remains first-choice therapy for HIV infection and can reduce the rate of vertical transmission of HIV. Didanosine is also approved to treat HIV infection in pediatric AIDS. Other reverse transcriptase inhibitors are under investigation as alternative or combination therapies because of HIV resistance to zidovudine and didanosine. Alternative therapies for opportunistic infections are being investigated. Passive immunity with intravenous immunoglobulin is being reevaluated to determine efficacy in combination with other therapies. Finally, vaccination against usual childhood diseases with standard immunization schedules produces limited immunity, and alternative vaccination protocols warrant further investigation.
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Child; Didanosine; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Vaccination; Zidovudine
PubMed: 7787939
DOI: 10.1097/00008480-199504000-00017 -
Pediatrician 1989Pediatric victims of AIDS virus infection continue to increase. The major source of transmission is by birth from an HIV-positive mother. Recognition is often difficult... (Review)
Review
Pediatric victims of AIDS virus infection continue to increase. The major source of transmission is by birth from an HIV-positive mother. Recognition is often difficult because of the varied and misleading signs and symptoms. Only a few studies describe oral manifestations in children and adolescents. The most common oral findings include candidiasis, parotid salivary gland enlargement and herpetic infections. Oral involvement may reflect early signs and symptoms of HIV-related immunosuppression.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Candidiasis; Child; Child, Preschool; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Mouth Diseases
PubMed: 2692005
DOI: No ID Found -
The American Psychologist Feb 1989Pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)/human immunodeficiency virus infection is a growing medical problem in this country with a broad range of... (Review)
Review
Pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)/human immunodeficiency virus infection is a growing medical problem in this country with a broad range of psychological implications. This report from the American Psychological Association's Division of Child, Youth and Family Services Task Force on Pediatric AIDS provides a brief review of what is known about the disease in children and addresses three areas of concern: (a) the delivery of clinical services to infected and ill children and their families, (b) the development of effective AIDS education and prevention programs, and (c) research needs. Recommendations for action are included.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adaptation, Psychological; Child; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Risk Factors; Sick Role
PubMed: 2653138
DOI: No ID Found -
Voluntary Action Leadership 1989
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Child; Child, Preschool; Family; Humans; Social Environment; Social Support; United States; Volunteers
PubMed: 10296990
DOI: No ID Found -
Radiologic Clinics of North America Sep 1997Children comprise only 2% of patients with AIDS in the United States, and this article considers the vast array of clinical and radiographic manifestations that may be... (Review)
Review
Children comprise only 2% of patients with AIDS in the United States, and this article considers the vast array of clinical and radiographic manifestations that may be seen in this patient population. Particular attention is paid to ways in which the disease in children differs from that in the adult population.
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Age Factors; Brain Diseases; Child; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Incidence; Lung Diseases; Neoplasms; Radiography; Spinal Cord Diseases; United States
PubMed: 9298092
DOI: No ID Found -
Transplantation Proceedings May 1999
Review
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Drugs, Generic; HIV-1; Humans; Infant; Neoplasms; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration
PubMed: 10330952
DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(99)00106-2 -
Pediatrics Jun 2014The Baylor College of Medicine International Pediatric AIDS Initiative at Texas Children's Hospital created a global health corps named the Pediatric AIDS Corps (PAC) in...
BACKGROUND
The Baylor College of Medicine International Pediatric AIDS Initiative at Texas Children's Hospital created a global health corps named the Pediatric AIDS Corps (PAC) in June 2005. This report provides descriptive details and outputs for PAC over its first 5 years.
METHODS
Demographic data were gathered about PAC physicians employed from July 2006 to June 2011. A 21-question survey was used to query PAC physicians about their experiences in the program. Data concerning clinical experiences and educational programs also were reviewed.
RESULTS
A total of 128 physicians were employed with PAC. The median duration served was 22.7 months. Eighty-seven percent indicated that experience affected their future career choice, with half continuing to work with children and families living in resource-limited areas after they left PAC. Patient care was identified as the most rewarding part of their work (73%), whereas deaths (27%) were the most difficult. Baylor College of Medicine International Pediatric AIDS Initiative enrollment of HIV-infected children and adolescents into care and treatment increased from 6107 to 103 731 with the addition of PAC physicians. Approximately 500 local health care professionals per quarter benefited from HIV clinical attachments that were not available before PAC arrival. PAC physicians visited outreach sites providing in-depth HIV mentoring of local health care professionals, leading to 37% of the sites becoming self-sufficient.
CONCLUSIONS
The positive evaluation by the PAC and the scale-up of clinical and educational programs support the recent calls for the development of a national global health corps program.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Africa; Attitude of Health Personnel; Child; Child, Preschool; Cooperative Behavior; Cross-Sectional Studies; Developing Countries; Female; Global Health; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant; Interdisciplinary Communication; International Cooperation; Male; Medical Missions; Pediatrics; Schools, Medical; Surveys and Questionnaires; Texas
PubMed: 24864179
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-2938 -
Critical Care Medicine Sep 1993
Review
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adolescent; Adult; Antiviral Agents; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Critical Care; Ethics, Medical; HIV Envelope Protein gp120; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Health Personnel; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; Occupational Exposure; Patient Admission; Prognosis; Respiration, Artificial; Risk Factors; Survival Rate
PubMed: 8365205
DOI: 10.1097/00003246-199309001-00007 -
Texas Medicine Feb 1990The Centers for Disease Control reported that 109,167 cases of AIDS had been diagnosed since 1981 and that approximately 40,000 persons were living with AIDS at the time... (Review)
Review
The Centers for Disease Control reported that 109,167 cases of AIDS had been diagnosed since 1981 and that approximately 40,000 persons were living with AIDS at the time of this writing. These numbers, however, are the tip of an iceberg that consists of approximately 1.5 million Americans who are infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). As we described in earlier articles of this series, the HIV infection/AIDS epidemic has invaded the domain of the American family through heterosexual transmission, vertical transmission, drug abuse, and sexual abuse of children. Therefore, physicians for children are now facing the prospects of having to deal with this disease in their practices. If there is something unique about pediatrics and other specialties of the medical profession dealing with infants and children, it is that "prevention" of disease can be and has been used effectively. One only needs to remember the 1950s, when the poliomyelitis epidemic was causing the same, if not greater, concerns in the lives of the American families. The development and application of the "polio" vaccines has virtually eliminated the threat of poliomyelitis in our society. Similarly, the incidence of diphtheria, tetanus, and smallpox has decreased to the point that these diseases present practically no threat to the US population. Armed with these positive experiences, we need to examine what we can do today to curb the spread of the HIV infection/AIDS among infants and children, and by extension, among the general population of our country.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Outbreaks; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Risk Factors; Texas
PubMed: 2408177
DOI: No ID Found