-
Texas Medicine Jun 1990There is no question that the domain of the American family has been invaded by the HIV infection/AIDS epidemic. The disease, and particularly its form affecting...
There is no question that the domain of the American family has been invaded by the HIV infection/AIDS epidemic. The disease, and particularly its form affecting children (pediatric AIDS), has had marked psychosocial impact on patients and families (intellectual/cognitive, emotional/behavioral, spiritual, and financial) and on our society in general (adverse or favorable). These impacts of pediatric AIDS are discussed in the present communication.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Attitude of Health Personnel; Child; Child, Preschool; Family; Homosexuality; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Parents; Physician-Patient Relations; Religion and Psychology; Social Environment; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 2371699
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Pediatric Psychology Mar 1989The number of pediatric AIDS cases are increasing. This disease, with its social and political ramifications, as well as its biological consequences, presents a number... (Review)
Review
The number of pediatric AIDS cases are increasing. This disease, with its social and political ramifications, as well as its biological consequences, presents a number of unique issues for psychologists. Some of the areas that present opportunities and problems for psychologists are briefly identified. These areas include prevention, clinical issues, public education, research, neuropsychological effects, psychoneuroimmunological issues, and ethical concerns. Current epidemiological projections and future directions for research are also discussed.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Child; Humans; Neurocognitive Disorders; Risk Factors
PubMed: 2656967
DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/14.1.1 -
Radiologic Clinics of North America Jul 1996The manifestations of AIDS in the gastrointestinal tract in children are mainly secondary to opportunistic infections and AIDS-related neoplasms. This article reviews... (Review)
Review
The manifestations of AIDS in the gastrointestinal tract in children are mainly secondary to opportunistic infections and AIDS-related neoplasms. This article reviews the radiologic and pathologic findings seen throughout the gastrointestinal tract and within the abdomen in children afflicted with AIDS. Although many radiologic findings are not specific for a particular infection or neoplasm, the radiologist can narrow the differential diagnosis with a good knowledge of the imaging findings and pathologies specific for children with AIDS.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Digestive System; Gastrointestinal Diseases; HIV-1; Humans; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 8677309
DOI: No ID Found -
Indian Journal of Pediatrics 1994
Review
Topics: AIDS Vaccines; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Child; Child, Preschool; DNA, Viral; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Transfusion Reaction
PubMed: 7744450
DOI: 10.1007/BF02751709 -
Pediatrics Dec 2000In 1994, the US Public Health Service published guidelines for the use of zidovudine to decrease the risk of perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus... (Review)
Review
In 1994, the US Public Health Service published guidelines for the use of zidovudine to decrease the risk of perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In 1995, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the US Public Health Service recommended documented, routine HIV education and testing with consent for all pregnant women in the United States. Widespread incorporation of these guidelines into clinical practice has resulted in a dramatic decrease in the rate of perinatal HIV transmission and has contributed to more than a 75% decrease in reported cases of pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) since 1992. Substantial advances have been made in the treatment and monitoring of HIV infection; combination antiretroviral regimens that maximally suppress virus replication are now available. These regimens are recommended for pregnant and nonpregnant individuals who require treatment. Risk factors associated with perinatal HIV transmission are now better understood, and recent results from trials to decrease the rate of mother-to-child HIV transmission have contributed new strategies with established efficacy. However, perinatal HIV transmission still occurs; the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that 300 to 400 infected infants are born annually. Full implementation of recommendations for universal, routine prenatal HIV testing and evaluation of missed prevention opportunities will be critical to further decrease the incidence of pediatric HIV infection in the United States. This technical report summarizes recent advances in the prevention of perinatal transmission of HIV relevant to screening of pregnant women and their infants.
Topics: AIDS Serodiagnosis; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adolescent; Adult; Black or African American; Black People; Breast Feeding; Female; HIV Seroprevalence; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Labor, Obstetric; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Prenatal Care; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; United States; White People; Zidovudine
PubMed: 11099631
DOI: 10.1542/peds.106.6.e88 -
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency... Aug 2018The Accelerating Children's HIV/AIDS Treatment (ACT) Initiative was an ambitious joint donor initiative to increase the number of HIV-positive children and adolescents... (Review)
Review
The Accelerating Children's HIV/AIDS Treatment (ACT) Initiative was an ambitious joint donor initiative to increase the number of HIV-positive children and adolescents on treatment over a 2-year period from 2014 to 2016. The funding was provided by the US Government's President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and the private Children's Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF). Great gains were achieved across the 9 ACT focus countries in pediatric treatment coverage. This article assesses the status of sustainability in the ACT countries after the pediatric treatment surge using PEPFAR sustainability data and a CIFF independent evaluation of sustainability. Although a focus on treatment is critical for pediatric HIV and HIV broadly, there is also a need to support the host country ability to maintain the progress gained once donor funds and initiatives transition. It uses the case of the ACT Initiative to argue that although surge activities are successful in rapidly scaling treatment results, there are concerns related to the health system's ability to maintain the progress along the full cascade. It shares important lessons for planning for and management of transition to support future donor efforts in pediatric HIV, overall HIV programming, and broader global health initiatives.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adolescent; Child; Global Health; Government Programs; HIV; HIV Infections; Humans; National Health Programs; Public-Private Sector Partnerships; United States
PubMed: 29994837
DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001734 -
Archives de Pediatrie : Organe Officiel... Aug 2013Thirty years after the first descriptions of AIDS in children in May 1983, the risk of viral transmission from mother to child has been reduced to almost zero and the...
Thirty years after the first descriptions of AIDS in children in May 1983, the risk of viral transmission from mother to child has been reduced to almost zero and the disease in infected children has become an asymptomatic condition, stable in the long-term, thanks to antiretroviral drugs. Unbelievable though it may have seemed until the mid-1990s, children infected during the perinatal period are now growing up to be adults in a chronic, stable, asymptomatic medical condition with often satisfactory personal, family, and social lives. The French perinatal epidemiological cohort, which was set up in 1984 and has included more than 18,000 mother-child pairs to date, traces the steps in this extraordinary revolution in the prevention and treatment of HIV-1 infection in children.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Child; Cohort Studies; Epidemiologic Studies; Female; France; HIV Long-Term Survivors; Health Status; Humans; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Risk Factors
PubMed: 23850051
DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2013.05.020 -
AIDS Patient Care and STDs Apr 2011We present a systematic review of historical, political, and epidemiologic aspects of AIDS in Brazilian children. Over 25 years, Brazil has developed different... (Review)
Review
We present a systematic review of historical, political, and epidemiologic aspects of AIDS in Brazilian children. Over 25 years, Brazil has developed different strategies to control AIDS in children. Three revisions of criteria for defining AIDS cases in children and nine national guidelines on antiretroviral therapy administration for management of HIV infection were published. These guidelines represent important progress, including aspects of HIV/AIDS surveillance, antiretroviral treatment, opportunistic conditions, prophylaxis, and laboratory testing. Brazil has significantly expanded access to free therapy with different classes of antiretroviral drugs. Initially focusing on treatment for HIV and opportunistic conditions, the scope of treatment guidelines gradually expanded to comprehensive health care for children and adolescents. From 1996 to 2008, the number of AIDS cases and deaths in children has been reduced by 67% and 65%, respectively, as a result of different strategies to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV and highly active antiretroviral therapy administration to infected children. Improved morbidity, mortality, and survival of Brazilian children with AIDS demonstrate clear benefits of adopting a policy of free and universal access to antiretroviral drugs associated with comprehensive care. However, important issues remain to be resolved, mainly concerning social, operational, and regional inequalities in coverage and quality of care, and epidemiological surveillance in different regions of the country. This broad review shows that the overall situation of pediatric AIDS in Brazil represents an incomplete process of epidemiologic and demographic transition, with the coexistence of old and new clinical and epidemiologic challenges.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Brazil; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; HIV Infections; History, 20th Century; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Male; Morbidity; Population Surveillance; Survival Rate
PubMed: 21413856
DOI: 10.1089/apc.2010.0378 -
Harefuah Mar 1991
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Child; Humans
PubMed: 1879779
DOI: No ID Found -
The Indian Journal of Medical Research Dec 2014
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Child; HIV; Humans; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical
PubMed: 25758566
DOI: No ID Found