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Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany) Jul 2013Historically, hypertension in childhood was thought to be an uncommon diagnosis, usually related to an underlying condition, most often parenchymal renal disease.... (Review)
Review
Historically, hypertension in childhood was thought to be an uncommon diagnosis, usually related to an underlying condition, most often parenchymal renal disease. Primary hypertension in childhood was felt to be quite rare. However, the worldwide childhood obesity epidemic has had a profound impact on the frequency of hypertension and other obesity-related conditions with the result that primary hypertension should now be viewed as one of the most common health conditions in the young. This review will present updated data on the prevalence of hypertension in children and adolescents, the impact of the childhood obesity epidemic on hypertension prevalence and blood pressure levels, shifts in how often primary hypertension is being diagnosed in childhood, and an overview of the pathophysiology of obesity-related hypertension. It is hoped that improved understanding of the significance of these issues will lead to improved recognition and treatment, which will be the key to averting an epidemic of cardiovascular disease in adulthood.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Blood Pressure; Child; Epidemics; Humans; Hypertension; Pediatric Obesity; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 23138756
DOI: 10.1007/s00467-012-2344-0 -
Childhood Obesity (Print) Dec 2021Recent data estimate the prevalence of pediatric obesity at 19.3%. Emphasis on primary prevention and early identification is needed to avoid development of serious...
Recent data estimate the prevalence of pediatric obesity at 19.3%. Emphasis on primary prevention and early identification is needed to avoid development of serious medical and psychosocial sequelae. The objective of this initiative is to assess baseline knowledge and comfort among trainees at an inner-city pediatric residency program in identifying children with overweight/obesity, evaluating associated risk factors and comorbidities, and providing effective counseling. Key topics from 2 major guidelines on pediatric obesity assessment, prevention, and treatment were incorporated into the development of a resident questionnaire, which consisted of 12 knowledge-based questions and a Likert scale evaluating self-perceived knowledge and comfort on 7 skills. Forty-six percent of eligible residents completed the questionnaire ( = 28). The mean score on the objective knowledge-based section was 44% ± 13%, with no differences by training year. The percentage of residents with correct responses by topic ranged from 14% to 79%. The mean self-perceived knowledge rating was 3.56 ± 0.86. The mean self-perceived comfort rating was 3.53 ± 0.89. Neither the self-perceived knowledge nor comfort rating was a significant predictor of performance on the objective knowledge-based section when controlling for postgraduate year status. Significant gaps in knowledge were discovered among pediatric residents with regard to appropriate screening, assessment, and counseling practices related to pediatric overweight/obesity. These deficits were not consistently reflected in residents' self-perceived knowledge and comfort ratings. The results of this initiative highlight the need for incorporation of standardized curricula on childhood overweight/obesity into pediatric resident education.
Topics: Child; Curriculum; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Internship and Residency; Pediatric Obesity; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34227847
DOI: 10.1089/chi.2021.0095 -
Pediatric Clinics of North America Jun 2016Childhood obesity is a significant problem in the United States, but current childhood obesity prevention approaches have limited efficacy. Self-regulation processes... (Review)
Review
Childhood obesity is a significant problem in the United States, but current childhood obesity prevention approaches have limited efficacy. Self-regulation processes organize behavior to achieve a goal and may shape health behaviors and health outcomes. Obesity prevention approaches that focus on the cognitive and behavioral mechanisms that underlie self-regulation early in life may therefore lead to better outcomes. This article reviews the development of executive functioning (EF), identifies influences on EF development, discusses aspects of EF relating to increased risk for childhood obesity, and considers how EF-weight associations may change across development. Implications for intervention are discussed.
Topics: Behavior Therapy; Body Mass Index; Child; Child Behavior; Child Welfare; Executive Function; Female; Health Behavior; Humans; Male; Motor Activity; Pediatric Obesity; United States
PubMed: 27261544
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2016.02.006 -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Aug 2018The treatment of childhood obesity represents a greater challenge for pediatricians. To date, it is multidisciplinary, including behavioral, dietary, pharmacological,... (Review)
Review
The treatment of childhood obesity represents a greater challenge for pediatricians. To date, it is multidisciplinary, including behavioral, dietary, pharmacological, and surgical options. Given the limited efficacy of available treatments, scientific research on finding new solutions is very active. Several drugs comprising Metformin, Glucagon-like peptide- 1 receptor agonists, Naltrexone-bupropion, Phentermine-Topiramate, and Lorcaserin have been studied as pediatric antiobesity agents. Findings from clinical trials showed a modest but significant effect of these drugs on weight loss, but long-term studies are needed to better define their exact role. Bariatric surgery is also promising for extremely obese adolescents. Moreover, a novel approach to treat obesity might be represented by compounds inducing browning of white adipose tissue, a complex process involved in body energy homeostasis, but at present evidence in humans is lacking. We aimed to review the current knowledge regarding the available new options for pediatric obesity treatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Obesity Agents; Bariatric Surgery; Benzazepines; Child; Diet; Humans; Naltrexone; Pediatric Obesity; Weight Loss
PubMed: 30086873
DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2018.06.007 -
Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and... Jun 2022
Topics: Child; Humans; Nutritional Status; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity
PubMed: 35597585
DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.02.004 -
Pediatric Obesity Aug 2021The prevalence of childhood obesity has risen sharply over the last several decades and poses a significant threat to the health and well-being of today's youth.... (Review)
Review
The prevalence of childhood obesity has risen sharply over the last several decades and poses a significant threat to the health and well-being of today's youth. Childhood-onset obesity is associated with a number of cardiometabolic consequences, which contribute to diminished quality of life. Metabolic and bariatric surgery offers a powerful treatment paradigm with positive long-term health effects. A growing body of literature supports the notion that earlier intervention in younger patients results in long-term health benefits. The development of a multidisciplinary care model and best practice guidelines are central to providing optimal care for this vulnerable patient population. Although the outcomes of metabolic and bariatric surgery in pediatric patients are reassuring and support the ongoing utilization of this important treatment paradigm, a number of significant challenges remain regarding access to care. As the literature continues to support earlier intervention for youth with severe obesity, future efforts should address these challenges to ensure that eligible patients are referred in timely fashion.
Topics: Adolescent; Bariatric Surgery; Child; Humans; Pediatric Obesity
PubMed: 34041862
DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12794 -
MCN. the American Journal of Maternal... 2016
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Pediatric Nursing; Pediatric Obesity; Practice Guidelines as Topic; School Nursing; United States
PubMed: 26658538
DOI: 10.1097/NMC.0000000000000197 -
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes Jul 2020Obesity has become a serious public health problem and family- and school-based interventions including physical exercise and diet control have been widely applied to... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Obesity has become a serious public health problem and family- and school-based interventions including physical exercise and diet control have been widely applied to attempt to combat this issue. The purpose of our study was to verify the effectiveness of an obesity-related comprehensive intervention model aimed at improving quality of life (QoL) among adolescents.
METHODS
A cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted involving 948 subjects who were divided into an intervention group (n = 518) and a control group (n = 430). The intervention group received 1 year of obesity-related health education, physical exercise, and diet control. Their baseline body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and their QoL and basic information were assessed both before and after the intervention period using a self-designed Adolescent Quality of Life Scale and a basic information questionnaire.
RESULTS
After the intervention, significant differences in the psychological, social, and pubertal dimensions, and in total QoL (P < 0.05) were observed in the intervention group relative to the control group. Improved psychological QoL in the intervention group was our most robust study finding, with increases in psychological (B = 1.883, SE = 0.646, P = 0.004), pubertal (B = 0.853, SE = 0.296, P = 0.004) and total (B = 3.024, SE = 1.214, P = 0.013) QoL all being higher in this group. This intervention effect was found to be more substantial in boys than in girls.
CONCLUSIONS
Family-individual-school-based interventions combining obesity-related health education, physical exercise, and diet control can improve psychological, pubertal, and total QoL in children, with these effects being most pronounced in boys.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
retrospectively registered NCT02343588 .
Topics: Adolescent; Body Mass Index; Child; China; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Pediatric Obesity; Quality of Life; School Health Services; Socioeconomic Factors; Students
PubMed: 32631401
DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01459-0 -
Current Opinion in Endocrinology,... Apr 2017The review examines recent advances in the use of functional neuroimaging to study human obesity, a field that is rapidly expanding and continues to be of paramount... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The review examines recent advances in the use of functional neuroimaging to study human obesity, a field that is rapidly expanding and continues to be of paramount importance for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of this condition. With rising levels of obesity worldwide and limited therapeutic options, there is a great need for the development of new solutions that can benefit patients.
RECENT FINDINGS
Studies that utilize functional neuroimaging are beginning to shed light on the nature of behavioral and neurocognitive dysfunctions previously identified in individuals with obesity. Significant progress has occurred in the study of reward-related processes, cognition-reward interactions, mechanisms of weight loss, genetic influences, and the case of obesity in children and adolescents. Research findings confirm that obesity and its related overeating behaviors are strongly associated with the brain, both at a regional level and a large-scale network level.
SUMMARY
Functional neuroimaging studies bring unprecedented levels of detail to examine the brain basis of obesity, and show promise for the development of future brain-based biomarkers and interventions in this condition.
Topics: Adolescent; Brain; Child; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Functional Neuroimaging; Humans; Mental Disorders; Pediatric Obesity; Reward; Weight Loss
PubMed: 28099209
DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000324 -
Childhood Obesity (Print) Jan 2022
Topics: Humans; Pediatric Obesity
PubMed: 34870485
DOI: 10.1089/chi.2021.0291