Did you mean: pedunculated
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Endoscopy Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Esophageal Neoplasms; Endoscopy; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Ligation
PubMed: 35168273
DOI: 10.1055/a-1662-3738 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2015
Topics: Adult; Genital Neoplasms, Male; Humans; Leiomyoma; Male; Scrotum
PubMed: 26309479
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2015.20.447.6817 -
Ecology and Evolution Mar 2022Urbanization is an important driver of the diversity and abundance of tree-associated insect herbivores, but its consequences for insect herbivory are poorly understood....
Urbanization is an important driver of the diversity and abundance of tree-associated insect herbivores, but its consequences for insect herbivory are poorly understood. A likely source of variability among studies is the insufficient consideration of intra-urban variability in forest cover. With the help of citizen scientists, we investigated the independent and interactive effects of local canopy cover and percentage of impervious surface on insect herbivory in the pedunculate oak ( L.) throughout most of its geographic range in Europe. We found that the damage caused by chewing insect herbivores as well as the incidence of leaf-mining and gall-inducing herbivores consistently decreased with increasing impervious surface around focal oaks. Herbivory by chewing herbivores increased with increasing forest cover, regardless of impervious surface. In contrast, an increase in local canopy cover buffered the negative effect of impervious surface on leaf miners and strengthened its effect on gall inducers. These results show that-just like in non-urban areas-plant-herbivore interactions in cities are structured by a complex set of interacting factors. This highlights that local habitat characteristics within cities have the potential to attenuate or modify the effect of impervious surfaces on biotic interactions.
PubMed: 35342614
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8709 -
The Science of the Total Environment Dec 2022Trees in cities provide multiple ecosystem services. However, simultaneously ensuring healthy trees with high habitat diversity can be challenging in a harsh urban...
Trees in cities provide multiple ecosystem services. However, simultaneously ensuring healthy trees with high habitat diversity can be challenging in a harsh urban environment. We compared health, microhabitats, and bat activities between native (Quercus robur L.) and non-native (Quercus rubra L.) oaks growing in different urban habitats (street vs. park) in Karlsruhe, southwestern Germany. We randomly selected 167 oak trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) >20 cm across the city from Urban Tree Registrar. We performed tree health assessment, dendrometric, and microhabitat inventory. We recorded the four-day bat activities on 45 native and non-native oaks with acoustic loggers installed on the trees. We found that non-native oaks were healthier than native oaks but provided less abundance and richness of microhabitats. Tree size (positive effect) and pruning (negative effect) strongly influence microhabitat richness and abundance. In addition, park trees hosted significantly more microhabitats than street trees. We recorded the activities of 9 bat species from 4 genera. Pipistrellus bats were more active in park trees than street trees. Long-eared bats (Plecotus) were more active near the native than non-native oaks. Bats are likely favored by microhabitats such as fork split, lightning scar, and woodpecker "flute" that are more common in less healthy trees. We conclude that non-native red oak can be planted alongside streets, where the conditions are harsher than in parks to better adapt to climatic changes and stay healthy with less maintenance. The preservation of native pedunculate oak trees, especially within parks, is paramount for urban biodiversity conservation because of their potential to provide microhabitats and supporting bats.
Topics: Animals; Trees; Quercus; Ecosystem; Chiroptera; Cities; Biodiversity
PubMed: 36089021
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158603 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022The physiological and biochemical responses of pedunculate oaks ( L.) to heat stress (HS) and mycorrhization (individually as well in combination) were estimated....
The physiological and biochemical responses of pedunculate oaks ( L.) to heat stress (HS) and mycorrhization (individually as well in combination) were estimated. One-year-old seedlings were grown under controlled conditions in a pot experiment, inoculated with a commercial inoculum of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, and subjected to 72 h of heat stress (40 °C/30 °C day/night temperature, relative humidity 80%, photoperiod 16/8 h) in a climate chamber, and they were compared with seedlings that were grown at room temperature (RT). An in-depth analysis of certain well-known stress-related metrics such as proline, total phenolics, FRAP, ABTS, non-protein thiols, and lipid peroxidation revealed that mycorrhized oak seedlings were more resistant to heat stress (HS) than non-mycorrhized oaks. Additionally, levels of specific polyamines, total phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins as well as osmotica (proline and glycine betaine) content were measured and compared between four treatments: plants inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi exposed to heat stress (ECM-HS) and those grown only at RT (ECM-RT) versus non-mycorrhized controls exposed to heat stress (NM-HS) and those grown only at room temperature (NM-RT). In ectomycorrhiza inoculated oak seedlings, heat stress led to not only a rise in proline, total phenols, FRAP, ABTS, non-protein thiols, and lipid peroxidation but a notable decrease in glycine betaine and flavonoids. Amounts of three main polyamines (putrescine, spermine, and spermidine) were quantified by using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescent detection (HPLC/FLD) after derivatization with dansyl-chloride. Heat stress significantly increased putrescine levels in non-mycorrhized oak seedlings but had no effect on spermidine or spermine levels, whereas heat stress significantly increased all inspected polyamine levels in oak seedlings inoculated with ectomycorrhizal inoculum. Spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM) contents were significantly higher in ECM-inoculated plants during heat stress (approximately 940 and 630 nmol g DW, respectively), whereas these compounds were present in smaller amounts in non-mycorrhized oak seedlings (between 510 and 550 nmol g DW for Spd and between 350 and 450 nmol g DW for Spm). These findings supported the priming and biofertilizer roles of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the mitigation of heat stress in pedunculate oaks by modification of polyamines, phenolics, and osmotica content.
PubMed: 36501399
DOI: 10.3390/plants11233360 -
Environmental Entomology Jun 2018Gall-inducing Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) manipulate the leaves of their host plants and induce local resistance, resulting in a diversity of physiological changes. In this...
Gall-inducing Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) manipulate the leaves of their host plants and induce local resistance, resulting in a diversity of physiological changes. In this study, three gall morphotypes caused by the asexual generation of Cynips quercusfolii L., Neuroterus numismalis (Fourc.) and Neuroterus quercusbaccarum L. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on pedunculate oaks (Quercus robur L. (Fagales: Fagaceae)), were used as a model to examine physiological alterations in galls and foliar tissues, compared to non-galled tissues. Our goal was to investigate whether plant physiological response to insect feeding on the same host plant varies depending on gall-wasp species. In particular, the cytoplasmic membrane condition, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration and changes in antioxidative enzyme activities, including guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were examined in this study. All cynipid species increased H2O2 levels in the leaves with galls, while the level of H2O2 in galls depended on the species. The presence of galls of all species on oak leaves caused an increase of electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation level. A significant induction of GPX activity was observed in the leaves with galls of all species, indicating stress induction. Conversely, the decrease in APX activity in both leaves with galls and galled tissues exposed to feeding of all cynipid species.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cell Membrane; Food Chain; Hydrogen Peroxide; Plant Tumors; Poland; Quercus; Wasps
PubMed: 29659765
DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvy047 -
Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2021Traditional flame retardants often contain halogens and produce toxic gases when burned. Hence, in this study, low-cost, environmentally friendly compounds that act as...
Traditional flame retardants often contain halogens and produce toxic gases when burned. Hence, in this study, low-cost, environmentally friendly compounds that act as fire retardants are investigated. These materials often contain nanoparticles, from which TiO and SiO are the most promising. In this work, pedunculate oak wood specimens were modified with sodium silicate (NaSiO, i.e., water glass) and TiO, SiO, and ZnO nanoparticles using the vacuum-pressure technique. Changes in the samples and fire characteristics of modified wood were studied via thermal analysis (TA), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy, coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The results of TA showed the most significant wood decomposition at a temperature of 350 °C, with a non-significant influence of the nanoparticles. A dominant effect of sodium silicate was observed in the main weight-loss step, resulting in a drop in decomposition temperature within the temperature range of 36-44 °C. More intensive decomposition of wood treated with water glass and nanoparticles led to a faster release of non-combustible gases, which slowed down the combustion process. The results demonstrated that wood modifications using sodium silicate and nanoparticle systems have potentially enhanced flame retardant properties.
PubMed: 34947756
DOI: 10.3390/nano11123405 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2018Ecological significance of trees growing in urban and peri-urban settings is likely to increase in future land-use regimes, calling for better understanding of their...
Ecological significance of trees growing in urban and peri-urban settings is likely to increase in future land-use regimes, calling for better understanding of their role as potential reservoirs or stepping stones for associated biodiversity. We studied the diversity of fungal endophytes in woody tissues of asymptomatic even aged pedunculate oak trees, growing as amenity trees in a peri-urban setting. The trees were classified into three groups according to their phenotypic vitality (high, medium, and low). Endophytes were cultured on potato dextrose media from surface sterilized twigs and DNA sequencing was performed to reveal the taxonomic identity of the morphotypes. In xylem tissues, the frequency and diversity of endophytes was highest in oak trees showing reduced vitality. This difference was not found for bark samples, in which the endophyte infections were more frequent and communities more diverse than in xylem. In general, most taxa were shared across the samples with few morphotypes being recovered in unique samples. Leaf phenolic profiles were found to accurately classify the trees according to their phenotypic vitality. Our results confirm that xylem is more selective substrate for endophytes than bark and that endophyte assemblages in xylem are correlated to the degree of host vitality. Thus, high vitality of trees may be associated with reduced habitat quality to wood-associated endophytes.
PubMed: 30123200
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01758 -
Database : the Journal of Biological... Nov 2022The degree to which roots elongate is determined by the expression of genes that regulate root growth in each developmental zone of a root. Most studies have, however,...
The degree to which roots elongate is determined by the expression of genes that regulate root growth in each developmental zone of a root. Most studies have, however, focused on the molecular factors that regulate primary root growth in annual plants. In contrast, the relationship between gene expression and a specific pattern of taproot development and growth in trees is poorly understood. However, the presence of a deeply located taproot, with branching lateral roots, can especially mitigate the effect of insufficient water availability in long-lived trees, such as pedunculated oak. In the present article, we integrated the ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing data on roots of oak trees into a single comprehensive database, named OakRootRNADB that contains information on both coding and noncoding RNAs. The sequences in the database also enclose information pertaining to transcription factors, transcriptional regulators and chromatin regulators, as well as a prediction of the cellular localization of a transcript. OakRootRNADB has a user-friendly interface and functional tools that increase access to genomic information. Integrated knowledge of molecular patterns of expression, specifically occurring within and between root zones and within root types, can elucidate the molecular mechanisms regulating taproot growth and enhanced root soil exploration. Database URL https://oakrootrnadb.idpan.poznan.pl/.
Topics: Quercus; RNA; RNA-Seq; Plant Roots; Trees
PubMed: 36394419
DOI: 10.1093/database/baac097 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023Oak powdery mildew caused by (Griffon and Maubl.; U. Braun & S. Takam.) is a common disease in European forests. One of the most susceptible species is the pedunculate...
Oak powdery mildew caused by (Griffon and Maubl.; U. Braun & S. Takam.) is a common disease in European forests. One of the most susceptible species is the pedunculate oak ( L.). Presently, a few methods are available to control powdery mildew, e.g., the use of fungicides (e.g., based on citric acid), antagonistic fungi or bacteria, chemical treatments (e.g., sulphur, potassium bicarbonate) or genetic resistance. In our study, we aimed to check the effects of using chitosan derivatives and novel active substances inducing the plants' natural resistance: benzodiathiadiazole (both in neutral and salt form). 84 pedunculate oak seedlings were subjected to the experiment in three treatment variants (plus positive and negative controls). The plants were treated with active substances and inoculated with . Although the powdery mildew symptoms appeared in all variants, they were manifested mainly by the in the form of small spots. The experiment indicated that the highest limitation of powdery mildew was achieved by applying -methyl--methoxyamide-7-carboxybenzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole (BTHWA). The application of BTHWA reduced disease development by 88.9% when compared to the effects of the other variants.
PubMed: 36771718
DOI: 10.3390/plants12030635