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Protoplasma Oct 2002The expression patterns of the storage protein legumin gene and Em- and dehydrin-like homologues were investigated in somatic embryos from Quercus robur L. The effect of...
High accumulation of legumin and Lea-like mRNAs during maturation is associated with increased conversion frequency of somatic embryos from pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.).
The expression patterns of the storage protein legumin gene and Em- and dehydrin-like homologues were investigated in somatic embryos from Quercus robur L. The effect of different maturation treatments (1% agar, 6% sorbitol, or 5% polyethylene glycol) and partial desiccation on transcript accumulations as well as conversion capacity of somatic embryos was also investigated. Differential expression of putative Em- and two dehydrin-like homologues (designated as Dhn1a and Dhn1b) was detected in somatic oak embryos with heterologous probes. Low expression levels of legumin, Em- and dehydrin-like mRNAs were detected in somatic embryos prior to maturation treatment. A high accumulation of these transcripts was found in embryos that had been cultured on media supplemented with 6% sorbitol or 1% agar. These embryos also showed a high conversion frequency into plantlets. In contrast, no improvement in plant conversion as well as a low accumulation of legumin, Em-like and Dhn1b-like transcripts was observed in embryos that were matured on polyethylene glycol medium. Partial-desiccation treatment significantly enhanced the plant conversion. Nevertheless, a decline in expression of legumin, Em-like and Dhn1a-like homologues was detected upon dehydration. In contrast, Dhn1b and oak homologues to peach dehydrin were also strongly expressed in desiccated embryos. In addition, the treatment of embryos with abscisic acid promoted the accumulation of all investigated transcripts. These results suggest that the regulation of the legumin storage protein gene and Lea-like homologues in somatic oak embryos is under developmental control and that their regulation can be influenced by manipulating the culture conditions.
Topics: Abscisic Acid; Agar; Culture Media; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Plant Proteins; Polyethylene Glycols; Quercus; RNA, Messenger; Seeds; Sorbitol; Legumins
PubMed: 12417941
DOI: 10.1007/s00709-002-0025-8 -
Journal of Morphology May 2004Scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy, and histology were used to study growth in species of the pedunculate barnacle genus Octolasmis (O. angulata, O. cor, O....
Scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy, and histology were used to study growth in species of the pedunculate barnacle genus Octolasmis (O. angulata, O. cor, O. californiana, O. mülleri). These species are epizoic in the gill chamber of portunid crabs and have highly reduced capitular shell plates, with large areas of general cuticle in between. The external integument grows by means of a system of narrow growth zones, one encircling the peduncle and a Y-shaped system on either side of the capitulum. Growth is by a regular series of molts, but shedding of old cuticle and production of new layers is entirely restricted to the growth zones. Just prior to ecdysis, the new cuticle lies in a highly folded fashion beneath the old cuticle that is about to be shed. At ecdysis, the old cuticle breaks along the margins of the growth zones and the resulting scars remain as a system of "ecdysial lines" along either side of the zone. Once exposed after ecdysis, the new cuticle remains as a part of the permanent external integument. The growth zones divide the externa into five cuticular areas, two on the peduncle and three on the capitulum. The calcareous shell plates (carina, paired scuta, and, when present, paired terga) all lie within the capitular regions and the ecdysial lines pass across, not around, these mineralized areas. The number, relative spacing, and topology of the ecdysial lines form a record of the growth history of the specimen. These and other growth patterns demonstrate that size increase is due to the formation of new cuticle by molting in the growth zones, while expansion of the shell plates by mineralization follows only after production of the new cuticle. Thus, although specialized, growth in Octolasmis still complies with the general crustacean model, complicated only by the mineralization of parts of the capitular cuticle into shell plates. The results are compared with the very scarce information on molting in other barnacles. We argue that at least the circular peduncular growth zone is omnipresent in the Cirripedia Thoracica.
Topics: Animals; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Molting; Thoracica
PubMed: 15108155
DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10132 -
The Journal of Parasitology Jun 1972
Topics: Animals; Brazil; Culex; Female; Insect Vectors; Ovum; Plasmodium
PubMed: 5064971
DOI: No ID Found -
Genetica May 2006The genetic structure of 33 natural Quercus robur stands in Finland was studied using 13 allozyme loci to analyze the effects of fragmentation in a wind-pollinated tree...
The genetic structure of 33 natural Quercus robur stands in Finland was studied using 13 allozyme loci to analyze the effects of fragmentation in a wind-pollinated tree species. The present fragmented and discontinuous distribution of oak is a result of both short-term human impact and long-term climatic and geological change, including post-glacial land uplift. In accordance with general expectations, genetic diversity in small populations was lower than that in large populations, and differentiation among small populations was higher than that among large populations. Heterozygote deficiency was more pronounced in large populations, which is proposed to be a Wahlund effect created by either spatial sub-structuring or the existence of synchronized flowering lineages. Also genetic differentiation was higher and diversity lower in Finland than the estimates reported for Central Europe. There were differences in the genetic structure on sites of different geological age. We suggest that on most geologically old sites drift has a prominent effect whereas on younger sites also founder effects may be important.
Topics: Age Factors; Finland; Genetic Speciation; Genetic Variation; Genome, Plant; Geography; Polymorphism, Genetic; Quercus
PubMed: 16850227
DOI: 10.1007/s10709-005-4014-7 -
Die Naturwissenschaften Mar 1969
Topics: Animals; Male; Mites; Spermatozoa
PubMed: 5358733
DOI: 10.1007/BF00601049 -
Phytochemistry Mar 2014A cDNA encoding the ester-forming hydroxybenzoic acid glucosyltransferase UGT84A13 was isolated from a cDNA library of Quercus robur swelling buds and young leaves. The...
A cDNA encoding the ester-forming hydroxybenzoic acid glucosyltransferase UGT84A13 was isolated from a cDNA library of Quercus robur swelling buds and young leaves. The enzyme displayed high sequence identity to resveratrol/hydroxycinnamate and hydroxybenzoate/hydroxycinnamate glucosyltransferases from Vitis species and clustered to the phylogenetic group L of plant glucosyltransferases, mainly involved in the formation of 1-O-β-D-glucose esters. In silico transcriptome analysis confirmed expression of UGT84A13 in Quercus tissues which were previously shown to exhibit UDP-glucose:gallic acid glucosyltransferase activity. UGT84A13 was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli as N-terminal His-tagged protein. In vitro kinetic measurements with the purified recombinant enzyme revealed a clear preference for hydroxybenzoic acids as glucosyl acceptor in comparison to hydroxycinnamic acids. Of the preferred in vitro substrates, protocatechuic, vanillic and gallic acid, only the latter and its corresponding 1-O-ß-D-glucose ester were found to be accumulated in young oak leaves. This indicates that in planta UGT84A13 catalyzes the formation of , 1-O-galloyl-ß-D-glucose, the first committed step of gallotannin biosynthesis.
Topics: Glucosyltransferases; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Molecular Structure; Plant Leaves; Plant Shoots; Quercus
PubMed: 24412325
DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.11.023 -
Global Spine Journal Feb 2019Systematic review. (Review)
Review
DESIGN
Systematic review.
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review to (1) summarize various classification systems used to describe cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) and (2) evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of various imaging modalities and the reliability of these classification systems.
METHODS
A search was performed to identify studies that used a classification system to categorize patients with OPLL. Furthermore, studies were included if they reported the diagnostic accuracy of various imaging modalities or the reliability of a classification system.
RESULTS
A total of 167 studies were deemed relevant. Five classification systems were developed based on X-ray: the 9-classification system (0.60%); continuous, segmental, mixed, localized or focal, circumscribed and others (92.81%); hook, staple, bridge, and total types (2.40%); distribution of OPLL (2.40%); and K-line classification (4.19%). Six methods were based on computed tomography scans: free-type, contiguous-type, and broken sign (0.60%); hill-, plateau-, square-, mushroom-, irregular-, or round-shaped (5.99%); rectangular, oval, triangular, or pedunculate (1.20%); centralized or laterally deviated (1.80%); plank-, spindle-, or rod-shaped (0.60%); and rule of nine (0.60%). Classification systems based on 3-dimensional computed tomography were bridging and nonbridging (1.20%) and flat, irregular, and localized (0.60%). A single classification system was based on magnetic resonance imaging: triangular, teardrop, or boomerang. Finally, a variation of methods was used to classify OPLL associated with the dura mater (4.19%).
CONCLUSIONS
The most common method of classification was that proposed by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Other important methods include K-line (+/-), signs of dural ossification, and patterns of distribution.
PubMed: 30775213
DOI: 10.1177/2192568217720421 -
Environmental Microbiome Jul 2023The effect of soil on the plant microbiome is well-studied. However, less is known about the impact of the soil microbiome in multitrophic systems. Here we examined the...
BACKGROUND
The effect of soil on the plant microbiome is well-studied. However, less is known about the impact of the soil microbiome in multitrophic systems. Here we examined the effect of soil on plant and aphid microbiomes, and the reciprocal effect of aphid herbivory on the plant and soil microbiomes. We designed microcosms, which separate below and aboveground compartments, to grow oak seedlings with and without aphid herbivory in soils with three different microbiomes. We used amplicon sequencing and qPCR to characterize the bacterial and fungal communities in soils, phyllospheres, and aphids.
RESULTS
Soil microbiomes significantly affected the microbial communities of phyllospheres and, to a lesser extent, aphid microbiomes, indicating plant-mediated assembly processes from soil to aphids. While aphid herbivory significantly decreased microbial diversity in phyllospheres independent of soil microbiomes, the effect of aphid herbivory on the community composition in soil varied among the three soils.
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides experimental evidence for the reciprocal influence of soil, plant, and aphid microbiomes, with the potential for the development of new microbiome-based pest management strategies.
PubMed: 37480131
DOI: 10.1186/s40793-023-00515-8 -
FEMS Microbiology Letters Apr 2002Leaves of oak trees are often infected by various pathogenic fungi. As it is difficult to remove such organisms quantitatively from the leaf surface and as it is often...
Leaves of oak trees are often infected by various pathogenic fungi. As it is difficult to remove such organisms quantitatively from the leaf surface and as it is often impossible to grow these organisms independently from their host, there are almost no molecular data available from these oak leaf specific pathogens. For the quantitative removal of the microorganisms a procedure was developed combining a wax and microorganism freezing method with a DNA extraction technique. For the development of a species specific detection, DNA of pathogenic filamentous fungi was isolated from hyphae of the upper leaf surface of Quercus robur. Three different species could be identified as (i) Cladosporium sp., (ii) Ramularia sp. and (iii) Microsphaera alphitoides by amplifying and sequencing an 18S-28S segment of their rDNA. For the final quantification a real-time PCR protocol was established allowing the species specific quantification of the three pathogenic filamentous fungi. The whole procedure was successfully applied to quantify the amount of the three species on oak leaves collected in autumn.
Topics: Ascomycota; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Fungal; DNA, Ribosomal; Plant Diseases; Plant Leaves; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Quercus
PubMed: 12007821
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11147.x -
BMC Genomics Oct 2013The interaction between insect pests and their host plants is a never-ending race of evolutionary adaption. Plants have developed an armament against insect herbivore...
BACKGROUND
The interaction between insect pests and their host plants is a never-ending race of evolutionary adaption. Plants have developed an armament against insect herbivore attacks, and attackers continuously learn how to address it. Using a combined transcriptomic and metabolomic approach, we investigated the molecular and biochemical differences between Quercus robur L. trees that resisted (defined as resistant oak type) or were susceptible (defined as susceptible oak type) to infestation by the major oak pest, Tortrix viridana L.
RESULTS
Next generation RNA sequencing revealed hundreds of genes that exhibited constitutive and/or inducible differential expression in the resistant oak compared to the susceptible oak. Distinct differences were found in the transcript levels and the metabolic content with regard to tannins, flavonoids, and terpenoids, which are compounds involved in the defence against insect pests. The results of our transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses are in agreement with those of a previous study in which we showed that female moths prefer susceptible oaks due to their specific profile of herbivore-induced volatiles. These data therefore define two oak genotypes that clearly differ on the transcriptomic and metabolomic levels, as reflected by their specific defensive compound profiles.
CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that the resistant oak type seem to prefer a strategy of constitutive defence responses in contrast to more induced defence responses of the susceptible oaks triggered by feeding. These results pave the way for the development of biomarkers for an early determination of potentially green oak leaf roller-resistant genotypes in natural pedunculate oak populations in Europe.
Topics: Animals; Cell Wall; Computational Biology; Female; Genotype; Herbivory; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Lepidoptera; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolomics; Phenotype; Plant Leaves; Principal Component Analysis; Quercus; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Signal Transduction; Transcriptome
PubMed: 24160444
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-737