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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024There are several highly damaging species pathogenic to forest trees, many of which have been spread beyond their native range by the international trade of live plants...
There are several highly damaging species pathogenic to forest trees, many of which have been spread beyond their native range by the international trade of live plants and infested materials. Such introductions can be reduced through the development of better tools capable of the early, rapid, and high-throughput detection of contaminated plants. This study utilized a volatilomics approach (solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) to differentiate between several species in culture and discriminate between healthy and -inoculated European beech and pedunculate oak trees. We tentatively identified 14 compounds that could differentiate eight species from each other in vitro. All of the species examined, except , uniquely produced at least one compound not observed in the other species; however, most detected compounds were shared between multiple species. had the most unique compounds and was the least similar of all the species examined. The inoculated seedlings had qualitatively different volatile profiles and could be distinguished from the healthy controls by the presence of isokaurene, anisole, and a mix of three unknown compounds. This study supports the notion that volatiles are suitable for screening plant material, detecting tree pathogens, and differentiating between healthy and diseased material.
Topics: Volatile Organic Compounds; Phytophthora; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Plant Diseases; Solid Phase Microextraction; Quercus; Fagus
PubMed: 38675569
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081749 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2018Both plant neighbourhood composition and drought have well-known independent effects on insect herbivore performance, but their interactive effects remain elusive. In...
Both plant neighbourhood composition and drought have well-known independent effects on insect herbivore performance, but their interactive effects remain elusive. In this study we performed a laboratory experiment to investigate the independent and combined effects of plant neighbourhood composition and drought on the performance of Gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria dispar) feeding on silver birch (Betula pendula) leaves. For this, we collected leaf samples from birch trees growing in a field experiment where we manipulated both host-tree species diversity (three levels: birch monocultures, two-species mixtures associating birch with the pedunculate oak Quercus robur or maritime pine Pinus pinaster, and three-species mixture with pedunculate oak, the maritime pine and birch) and water availability (two levels: irrigated vs. non-irrigated). In most cases, plant neighbourhood composition and irrigation treatments independently and interactively affected herbivore performance traits, especially those related to growth and food (i.e. birch leaves) processing. By addressing the interactive effects of tree species diversity and drought on insect herbivory from the herbivore's point of view, our study builds toward a better understanding of the multiple ecological drivers of plant-insect interactions.
Topics: Animals; Betula; Droughts; Feeding Behavior; Herbivory; Humans; Larva; Moths; Plant Leaves; Trees; Water
PubMed: 29651050
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24299-x -
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Jun 2004We are reporting an uncommon clinical case of primary pleural hemangiopericytoma, of which only a few reports have been published in the literature to date. A...
We are reporting an uncommon clinical case of primary pleural hemangiopericytoma, of which only a few reports have been published in the literature to date. A 40-year-old woman was treated by complete surgical resection of the tumor. No recurrence or metastasis was detected during follow-up at 12 months after the resection. The postoperative pathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of primary pleural hemangiopericytoma. Details of the clinical and radiographic feature are presented.
Topics: Adult; Female; Hemangiopericytoma; Humans; Pleural Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 15172309
DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2003.06.011 -
Zeitschrift Fur Hautkrankheiten Mar 1983
Topics: Child; Dermatitis, Atopic; Eczema; Female; Humans; Molluscum Contagiosum; Skin
PubMed: 6845801
DOI: No ID Found -
Communications Biology May 2021Transmembrane conductance of small uncharged solutes such as glycerol typically occurs through aquaglyceroporins (Glps), which are commonly encoded by multiple genes in...
Transmembrane conductance of small uncharged solutes such as glycerol typically occurs through aquaglyceroporins (Glps), which are commonly encoded by multiple genes in metazoan organisms. To date, however, little is known concerning the evolution of Glps in Crustacea or what forces might underly such apparent gene redundancy. Here, we show that Glp evolution in Crustacea is highly divergent, ranging from single copy genes in species of pedunculate barnacles, tadpole shrimps, isopods, amphipods and decapods to up to 10 copies in diplostracan water fleas although with monophyletic origins in each lineage. By contrast the evolution of Glps in Copepoda appears to be polyphyletic, with surprisingly high rates of gene duplication occurring in a genera- and species-specific manner. Based upon functional experiments on the Glps from a parasitic copepod (Lepeophtheirus salmonis), we show that such lineage-level gene duplication and splice variation is coupled with a high rate of neofunctionalization. In the case of L. salmonis, splice variation of a given gene resulted in tissue- or sex-specific expression of the channels, with each variant evolving unique sites for protein kinase C (PKC)- or protein kinase A (PKA)-regulation of intracellular membrane trafficking. The combined data sets thus reveal that mutations favouring a high fidelity control of intracellular trafficking regulation can be a selection force for the evolution and retention of multiple Glps in copepods.
Topics: Animals; Aquaglyceroporins; Biological Evolution; Copepoda; Crustacea; Evolution, Molecular; Genetic Variation; Multigene Family; Phylogeny; Protein Isoforms
PubMed: 34059783
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01921-9 -
Tree Physiology Nov 2008Soil nitrogen can alter storage and remobilization of carbon and nitrogen in forest trees and affect growth responses to elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO(2)])....
Soil nitrogen can alter storage and remobilization of carbon and nitrogen in forest trees and affect growth responses to elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO(2)]). We investigated these effects in oak saplings (Quercus robur L.) exposed for two years to ambient or twice ambient [CO(2)] in combination with low- (LN, 0.6 mmol N l(-1)) or high-nitrogen (HN, 6.1 mmol N l(-1)) fertilization. Autumn N retranslocation efficiency from senescing leaves was less in HN saplings than in LN saplings, but about 15% of sapling N was lost to the litter. During the dormant season, nonstructural carbohydrates made up 20 to 30% of the dry mass of perennial organs. Starch was stored mainly in large roots where it represented 35-46% of dry mass. Accumulation of starch increased in large roots in response to LN but was unaffected by elevated [CO(2)]. The HN treatment resulted in high concentrations of N-soluble compounds, and this effect was reduced by elevated [CO(2)], which decreased soluble protein N (-17%) and amino acid N (-37%) concentrations in the HN saplings. Carbon and N reserves were labeled with (13)C and (15)N, respectively, at the end of the first year. In the second year, about 20% of labeled C and 50% of labeled N was remobilized for spring growth in all treatments. At the end of leaf expansion, 50-60% of C in HN saplings originated from assimilation versus only 10-20% in LN saplings. In HN saplings only, N uptake occurred, and some newly assimilated N was allocated to new shoots. Through effects on the C and N content of perennial organs, elevated [CO(2)] and HN increased remobilization capacity, thereby supporting multiple shoot flushes, which increased leaf area and subsequent C acquisition in a positive feedback loop.
Topics: Carbon; Carbon Dioxide; Fertilizers; Nitrogen; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Plant Stems; Quercus
PubMed: 18765378
DOI: 10.1093/treephys/28.11.1729 -
Cureus Apr 2023Introduction Colonoscopic polypectomy is a well-established screening and surveillance modality for malignant colorectal polyps. Following the detection of a malignant...
Introduction Colonoscopic polypectomy is a well-established screening and surveillance modality for malignant colorectal polyps. Following the detection of a malignant polyp, patients are either put on endoscopic surveillance or planned for a surgical procedure. We studied the outcome of colonoscopic excision of malignant polyps and their recurrence rates. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis over a period of five years (2015-2019) of patients who underwent colonoscopy and resection of malignant polyps. Size of polyp, follow-up with tumour markers, CT scan, and biopsy were considered individually for pedunculate and sessile polyps. We analysed the percentage of patients who underwent surgical resection, the percentage of patients who were managed conservatively, and the percentage of recurrence post-excision of malignant polyps. Results A total of 44 patients were included in the study. Of the 44 malignant polyps, most were present in the sigmoid colon at 43% (n=19), with the rectum containing 41% (n=18). The ascending colon accounted for 4.5% (n=2), transverse colonic polyps were 7% (n=3), and the descending colon polyps were 4.5% (n=2). Pedunculated polyps made up 55% (n=24). These were Level 1-3 based on Haggits classification; 14 were Haggits Level 1, eight were Haggits Level 2, and two were Haggits Level 3. The rest were sessile polyps making up 45% (n=20). Based on the Kikuchi classification, these were predominantly SM1 (n=12) and SM2 (n=8). Out of 44 cases, 11% (n=5) underwent surgical resection on follow-up in the form of bowel resection. This included three right hemicolectomies, one sigmoid colectomy, and one low anterior resection. Seven per cent (n=3) underwent endoscopic resection as trans-anal endoscopic mucosal resection (TEMS) and 82% (n=36) of the remaining cases were managed with regular follow-up and surveillance. Conclusions Colonoscopic polypectomy offers excellent benefits in detecting colorectal cancer and treating pre-malignant polyps. Colonoscopic polypectomy provides excellent benefits in colorectal cancer (CRC) detection and treatment of malignant polyps. However, it remains to be seen if post-polypectomy surveillance for low-risk polyp cancers would require a change in surveillance.
PubMed: 37228528
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38027 -
G3 (Bethesda, Md.) Oct 2019The impact of climate change that comes with a dramatic increase of long periods of extreme summer drought associated with heat is a fundamental challenge for European...
The impact of climate change that comes with a dramatic increase of long periods of extreme summer drought associated with heat is a fundamental challenge for European forests. As a result, forests are expected to shift their distribution patterns toward north-east, which may lead to a dramatic loss in value of European forest land. Consequently, unraveling key processes that underlie drought stress tolerance is not only of great scientific but also of utmost economic importance for forests to withstand future heat and drought wave scenarios. To reveal drought stress-related molecular patterns we applied cross-species comparative transcriptomics of three major European oak species: the less tolerant deciduous pedunculate oak (), the deciduous but quite tolerant pubescent oak (), and the very tolerant evergreen holm oak (). We found 415, 79, and 222 differentially expressed genes during drought stress in , , and , respectively, indicating species-specific response mechanisms. Further, by comparative orthologous gene family analysis, 517 orthologous genes could be characterized that may play an important role in drought stress adaptation on the genus level. New regulatory candidate pathways and genes in the context of drought stress response were identified, highlighting the importance of the antioxidant capacity, the mitochondrial respiration machinery, the lignification of the water transport system, and the suppression of drought-induced senescence - providing a valuable knowledge base that could be integrated in breeding programs in the face of climate change.
Topics: Adaptation, Biological; Antioxidants; Computational Biology; Crosses, Genetic; Droughts; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Gene Ontology; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Molecular Sequence Annotation; Quercus; Species Specificity; Stress, Physiological; Transcriptome
PubMed: 31395652
DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400456 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022This paper describes an experimental study of the relationships between thermal diffusivity and mechanical characteristics including Brinell hardness, microhardness, and...
This paper describes an experimental study of the relationships between thermal diffusivity and mechanical characteristics including Brinell hardness, microhardness, and Young's modulus of common pine ( L.), pedunculate oak ( L.), and small-leaf lime ( Mill.) wood. A dependence of Brinell hardness and thermal diffusivity tensor components upon humidity for common pine wood is found. The results of the measurement of Brinell hardness, microhardness, Young's modulus, and main components of thermal diffusivity tensor for three perpendicular cuts are found to be correlated. It is shown that the mechanical properties correlate better with the ratio of longitude to transversal thermal diffusivity coefficients than with the respective individual absolute values. The mechanical characteristics with the highest correlation with the abovementioned ratio are found to be the ratio of Young's moduli in longitude and transversal directions. Our technique allows a comparative express assessment of wood mechanical properties by means of a contactless non-destructive measurement of its thermal properties using dynamic thermal imaging instead of laborious and material-consuming destructive mechanical tests.
PubMed: 35057348
DOI: 10.3390/ma15020632 -
Circulation Journal : Official Journal... Sep 2002Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a rare cardiac disorder characterized by the development of heart failure in the last month of pregnancy or up to 5 months postpartum in...
Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a rare cardiac disorder characterized by the development of heart failure in the last month of pregnancy or up to 5 months postpartum in women without other determinable causes of cardiac failure. Intracardiac thrombi have been found at autopsy in some patients with this condition and have been demonstrated in the left or right ventricles on 2-dimensional echocardiography. A 23-year-old woman presented with peripartum cardiomyopathy and biventricular thrombi on echocardiography. The thrombi were spherical, pedunculate, shaggy and irregular in configuration, and freely mobile, suggesting that they were fresh. She was treated with conventional heart failure therapy and anticoagulants. Four days later, the apical thrombi within both ventricles had disappeared and there was no evidence of embolism on physical examination. The hypercoagulable state of the peripartum period and the severe biventricular dysfunction most likely led to the formation of biventricular thrombi.
Topics: Adult; Anticoagulants; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Female; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial; Humans; Pregnancy; Puerperal Disorders; Thrombosis; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 12224827
DOI: 10.1253/circj.66.863