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Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Apr 2017The pelvis is an anatomically complex and functionally informative bone that contributes directly to both human locomotion and obstetrics. Because of the pelvis'...
The pelvis is an anatomically complex and functionally informative bone that contributes directly to both human locomotion and obstetrics. Because of the pelvis' important role in obstetrics, it is one of the most sexually dimorphic bony elements of the human body. The complex intersection of pelvic dimorphism, locomotion, and obstetrics has been reenergized by exciting new research, and many papers in this special issue of the pelvis help provide clarity on the relationship between pelvic form (especially female) and locomotor function. Compared to the pelvis of our ape relatives, the human pelvis is uniquely shaped; it is superoinferiorly short and stout, and mediolaterally wide-critical adaptations for bipedalism that are already present in some form very early in the history of the hominin lineage. In this issue, 13 original research papers address the anatomy, development, variation, and function of the modern human pelvis, with implications for understanding the selection pressures that shaped and continue to shape this bone. This rich collection of scholarship moves our understanding of the pelvis forward, while raising dozens of new questions that we hope will serve as inspiration for colleagues and students (both current and future) puzzled by this fascinatingly complex bone. Anat Rec, 300:628-632, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Biological Evolution; Female; Humans; Locomotion; Parturition; Pelvic Bones; Pelvis; Pregnancy
PubMed: 28297176
DOI: 10.1002/ar.23561 -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Apr 2017The shift to habitual bipedalism 4-6 million years ago in the hominin lineage created a morphologically and functionally different human pelvis compared to our closest... (Review)
Review
The shift to habitual bipedalism 4-6 million years ago in the hominin lineage created a morphologically and functionally different human pelvis compared to our closest living relatives, the chimpanzees. Evolutionary changes to the shape of the pelvis were necessary for the transition to habitual bipedalism in humans. These changes in the bony anatomy resulted in an altered role of muscle function, influencing bipedal gait. Additionally, there are normal sex-specific variations in the pelvis as well as abnormal variations in the acetabulum. During gait, the pelvis moves in the three planes to produce smooth and efficient motion. Subtle sex-specific differences in these motions may facilitate economical gait despite differences in pelvic structure. The motions of the pelvis and hip may also be altered in the presence of abnormal acetabular structure, especially with acetabular dysplasia. Anat Rec, 300:633-642, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Biological Evolution; Gait; Hip Joint; Humans; Pelvic Bones; Pelvis
PubMed: 28297184
DOI: 10.1002/ar.23552 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Nov 2018
Review
Topics: Achondroplasia; Humans; Pelvis; Radiography, Abdominal
PubMed: 29556700
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-018-1568-2 -
Radiologic Clinics of North America Nov 2018Musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions are growing in prevalence. Ultrasound (US) is increasingly used for managing MSK conditions due to its low cost and ability to provide... (Review)
Review
Musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions are growing in prevalence. Ultrasound (US) is increasingly used for managing MSK conditions due to its low cost and ability to provide real-time image guidance during therapeutic interventions. As MSK US becomes more widespread, familiarity and comfort with US-guided interventions will become increasingly important. This article focuses on general concepts regarding therapeutic US-guided injections of corticosteroids and platelet-rich plasma and highlights several of the US-guided procedures commonly performed, involving the pelvis and lower extremity.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Humans; Leg; Leg Injuries; Pelvis; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Ultrasonography, Interventional
PubMed: 30322485
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2018.06.011 -
Emergency Medicine Clinics of North... Feb 2018Severe pelvic trauma is a challenging condition. The pelvis can create multifocal hemorrhage that is not easily compressible nor managed by traditional surgical methods... (Review)
Review
Severe pelvic trauma is a challenging condition. The pelvis can create multifocal hemorrhage that is not easily compressible nor managed by traditional surgical methods such as tying off a blood vessel or removing an organ. Its treatment often requires reapproximation of bony structures, damage control resuscitation, assessment for associated injuries, and triage of investigations, as well as multimodality hemorrhage control (external fixation, preperitoneal packing, angioembolization, REBOA [resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta]) by multidisciplinary trauma specialists (general surgeons, orthopedic surgeons, endovascular surgeons/interventional radiologists). This article explores this complex clinical problem and provides a practical approach to its management.
Topics: Exsanguination; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Pelvic Bones; Pelvis; Resuscitation
PubMed: 29132575
DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2017.08.011 -
Radiographics : a Review Publication of... 2022The pelvic venous system is complex, with the potential for numerous pathways of collateralization. Owing to stenosis or occlusion, both thrombotic and nonthrombotic... (Review)
Review
The pelvic venous system is complex, with the potential for numerous pathways of collateralization. Owing to stenosis or occlusion, both thrombotic and nonthrombotic entities in the pelvis may necessitate alternate routes of venous return. Although the pelvic venous anatomy and collateral pathways may demonstrate structural variability, a number of predictable paths often can be demonstrated on the basis of the given disease and the level of obstruction. Several general categories of collateral pathways have been described. These pathway categories include the deep pathway, which is composed of the lumbar and sacral veins and vertebral venous plexuses; the superficial pathway, which is composed of the circumflex and epigastric vessels; various iliofemoral collateral pathways; the intermediate pathway, which is composed of the gonadal veins and the ovarian and uterine plexuses; and portosystemic pathways. The pelvic venous anatomy has been described in detail in cadaveric and anatomic studies, with the aforementioned collateral pathways depicted on CT and MR images in several imaging studies. A comprehensive review of the native pelvic venous anatomy and collateralized pelvic venous anatomy based on angiographic features has yet to be provided. Knowledge of the diseases involving a number of specific pelvic veins is of clinical importance to interventional and diagnostic radiologists and surgeons. The ability to accurately identify common collateral patterns by using multiple imaging modalities, with accurate anatomic descriptions, may assist in delineating underlying obstructive hemodynamics and diagnosing specific occlusive disease entities. RSNA, 2022.
Topics: Abdomen; Collateral Circulation; Humans; Pelvis; Phlebography; Vascular Diseases; Veins
PubMed: 35867595
DOI: 10.1148/rg.220012 -
Seminars in Ultrasound, CT, and MR Jun 2017Musculoskeletal pathologies in the pelvis encompass a wide variety of lesions including femoroacetabular impingement, athletic pubalgia, ischiofemoral impingement, and... (Review)
Review
Musculoskeletal pathologies in the pelvis encompass a wide variety of lesions including femoroacetabular impingement, athletic pubalgia, ischiofemoral impingement, and apophyseal avulsion injuries. Magnetic resonance imaging is the noninvasive imaging modality of choice for the diagnosis and management of these lesions. In this article, the authors discuss the nonneoplastic musculoskeletal lesions in the pelvis, with illustrations and relevant case examples.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Pelvis
PubMed: 28705373
DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2016.11.008 -
Radiographics : a Review Publication of... 2017Soft-tissue sarcomas occurring in the abdomen and pelvis are an uncommon but important group of malignancies. Recent changes to the World Health Organization... (Review)
Review
Soft-tissue sarcomas occurring in the abdomen and pelvis are an uncommon but important group of malignancies. Recent changes to the World Health Organization classification of soft-tissue tumors include the movement of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) into the soft-tissue tumor classification. GIST is the most common intraperitoneal sarcoma. Liposarcoma is the most common retroperitoneal sarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma is the second most common. GIST, liposarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma account for the majority of sarcomas encountered in the abdomen and pelvis and are discussed in part 1 of this article. Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (previously called malignant fibrous histiocytoma), dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, solitary fibrous tumor, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, extraskeletal chondro-osseous sarcomas, vascular sarcomas, and sarcomas of uncertain differentiation uncommonly arise in the abdomen and pelvis and the abdominal wall. Although these lesions are rare sarcomas and their imaging features overlap, familiarity with the locations where they occur and their imaging features is important so they can be diagnosed accurately. The anatomic location and clinical history are important factors in the differential diagnosis of these lesions because metastasis, more-common sarcomas, borderline fibroblastic proliferations (such as desmoid tumors), and endometriosis have imaging findings that overlap with those of these uncommon sarcomas. In this article, the clinical, pathologic, and imaging findings of uncommon soft-tissue sarcomas of the abdomen and pelvis and the abdominal wall are reviewed, with an emphasis on their differential diagnosis.
Topics: Abdomen; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Pelvis; Sarcoma
PubMed: 28493803
DOI: 10.1148/rg.2017160201 -
International Journal of Gynaecology... Oct 2018Laparoscopy, with its many advantages, has revolutionized the field of pelvic surgery and enabled surgeons to gain a far greater understanding of pelvic anatomy. As...
Laparoscopy, with its many advantages, has revolutionized the field of pelvic surgery and enabled surgeons to gain a far greater understanding of pelvic anatomy. As technology evolves, our understanding is continuously improving. This article is a tribute to the anatomy of the pelvis, which itself has resisted evolutionary changes and remained the same, whereas our understanding of how to view and approach various organ structures has evolved.
Topics: Female; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; Humans; Laparoscopy; Medical Oncology; Pelvis
PubMed: 30306582
DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12616 -
NeuroRehabilitation 2016Dysfunctional postural control and pathological thorax and pelvis motions are often observed in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and can be considered as an indicator... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Dysfunctional postural control and pathological thorax and pelvis motions are often observed in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and can be considered as an indicator of diminished dynamic stability.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to identify the differences between children with CP and typically developing children in three-dimensional thorax and pelvis kinematics during walking.
METHODS
Three electronic databases were searched by using different combinations of keywords. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed by two researchers with the Strobe quality checklist.
RESULTS
Ten studies (methodological quality: 32% to 74%) with in total 259 children with CP and 220 typically developing children (mean age: 7.6 to 13.6 year) were included. Compared to typically developing children, children with bilateral CP showed an increased range of motion of the thorax, pelvis and spine during walking. The results of the children with unilateral CP were less clear.
CONCLUSION
In general, children with bilateral CP showed larger movement amplitudes of the trunk compared to children without CP. This increase in movement amplitudes could influence the dynamic stability of the body during walking. In children with unilateral CP, the results were less obvious and further research on this topic is required.
Topics: Adolescent; Biomechanical Phenomena; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Pelvis; Thorax
PubMed: 26923354
DOI: 10.3233/NRE-161303