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Veterinary Parasitology Sep 2017Pentatrichomonas hominis is an anaerobic flagellated protozoan that primarily parasitizes the gastrointestinal tract and is a conditional pathogen. It has an extensive...
Pentatrichomonas hominis is an anaerobic flagellated protozoan that primarily parasitizes the gastrointestinal tract and is a conditional pathogen. It has an extensive host range and is well known as a potential causative agent of zoonotic disease. The objective of this study was to provide the first findings of the prevalence of P. hominis in six farmed wildlife species, sika deer (S.D.), Rex rabbits (R.R.), blue foxes (B.F.), silver foxes (S.F.), raccoon dogs (R.D.) and minks (M.), that are commercially important in Jilin Province, China. In this study, 450 faecal samples were tested for P. hominis infection by culturing and nested PCR assays. The average prevalence of P. hominis infections were as follows: S.D. 20% (26/130), R.R. 16.25% (13/80), B.F. 45% (27/60), S.F. 43.33% (26/60), R.D. 53.33% (32/60) and M. 48.33% (29/60). The prevalence in herbivores (18.57% for S.D. and R.R.) was significantly lower than that in non-herbivores (47.5%). PCR product sequencing indicated that infections were mainly caused by the P. hominis strain Changchun Canine 1, and we found a P. hominis strain with a mutated sequence, Changchun-RR, which had three mutations compared with the referenced homologous P. hominis sequences. Morphological observations of the Changchun-RR strain showed that it was similar to P. hominis. Our study suggests that P. hominis is widespread in six farmed wildlife species in Jilin Province and provides baseline information for the presence of this parasite in these animals.
Topics: Animals; China; Deer; Feces; Female; Foxes; Humans; Male; Mink; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prevalence; Protozoan Infections, Animal; Rabbits; Raccoon Dogs; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Trichomonadida; Zoonoses
PubMed: 28917308
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.07.032 -
Integrative Zoology Jul 2022The overall infection rate of Pentatrichomonas hominis in Siberian tigers in northeast China is 31.3%. All the P. hominis identified in Siberian tigers belonged to...
The overall infection rate of Pentatrichomonas hominis in Siberian tigers in northeast China is 31.3%. All the P. hominis identified in Siberian tigers belonged to genotype CC1.
Topics: Animals; China; Prevalence; Tigers
PubMed: 35064641
DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12629 -
Veterinary Parasitology May 2014A marasmic pig with watery diarrhea was identified to harbor the human-pathogenic protist Pentatrichomonas hominis by PCR and sequence analysis of three genetic loci...
A marasmic pig with watery diarrhea was identified to harbor the human-pathogenic protist Pentatrichomonas hominis by PCR and sequence analysis of three genetic loci (ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2, 18S rRNA, and EF-1α), electron microscopy, and infection experiments. DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis indicated the organism isolated in this study was most closely related to P. hominis. SEM and TEM observation of the ultrastructure demonstrated that it had a morphology identical to P. hominis. The result of experimental infections with P. hominis exhibited that the cells had the ability to propagate in the cecum of piglets and fecal-oral route might be the major way in which pigs became infected. The present study confirmed that swine could be a host for P. hominis and might serve as a reservoir for human trichomoniasis.
Topics: Animals; Cecum; Genes, rRNA; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Protozoan Infections, Animal; Random Allocation; Swine; Swine Diseases; Trichomonadida
PubMed: 24636786
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.01.028 -
Parasitology Research Feb 2020The trichomonad species Tetratrichomonas buttreyi and Pentatrichomonas hominis have been reported in the bovine digestive tract in only a few studies, and the prevalence...
The trichomonad species Tetratrichomonas buttreyi and Pentatrichomonas hominis have been reported in the bovine digestive tract in only a few studies, and the prevalence and pathogenicity of these two protists in cattle herds remain unknown. In this study, the prevalence of T. buttreyi and P. hominis in yellow cattle, dairy cattle, and water buffalo in Anhui Province, China, was determined with a PCR analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNA genes. The overall infection rates for T. buttreyi and P. hominis were 8.1% and 5.4%, respectively. Double infections were found in 15 (1.6%) samples from four farms. The prevalence of P. hominis in cattle with abnormal feces was significantly higher than that in cattle with normal feces (χ = 13.0, p < 0.01), and the prevalence of T. buttreyi in the northern region of Anhui Province was also significantly higher than that in the mid region (χ = 16.6, p < 0.01). Minor allelic variations were detected in the T. buttreyi isolates from cattle in this study, as in other hosts in previous studies. Morphological observations, together with the PCR analysis, demonstrated that the trichomonads isolated in this study were P. hominis. The presence of T. buttreyi and P. hominis indicated that cattle are natural hosts of these two trichomonads and could be a potential source of P. hominis infections in humans and other animal hosts.
Topics: Animals; Buffaloes; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; China; Feces; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Prevalence; Protozoan Infections, Animal; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; Trichomonadida
PubMed: 31823007
DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06550-0 -
Transactions of the Royal Society of... 2000
Topics: Adult; Empyema, Pleural; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Trichomonas Infections
PubMed: 10897364
DOI: 10.1016/s0035-9203(00)90270-0 -
Veterinary Research Communications May 2024Pentatrichomonas hominis is a common intestinal parasitic protozoan that causes abdominal pain and diarrhea, and poses a zoonotic risk. Probiotics, known for enhancing...
Pentatrichomonas hominis is a common intestinal parasitic protozoan that causes abdominal pain and diarrhea, and poses a zoonotic risk. Probiotics, known for enhancing immunity and pathogen resistance, hold promise in combating parasitic infections. This study aimed to evaluate two porcine-derived probiotics, Lactobacillus reuteri LR1 and Lactobacillus plantarum LP1, against P. hominis infections in pigs. Taxonomic identity was confirmed through 16 S rRNA gene sequencing, with L. reuteri LR1 belonging to L. reuteri species and L. plantarum LP1 belonging to L. plantarum species. Both probiotics exhibited robust in vitro growth performance. Co-culturing intestinal porcine epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) with these probiotics significantly improved cell viability compared with the control group. Pre-incubation probiotics significantly enhanced the mRNA expression of anti-oxidative response genes in IPEC-J2 cells compared with the PHGD group, with L. reuteri LR1 and L. plantarum LP1 significantly up-regulating CuZn-SOD、CAT and Mn-SOD genes expression (p < 0.05). The anti-oxidative stress effect of L. reuteri LR1 was significantly better than that of L. plantarum LP1 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, pre-incubation with the probiotics alleviated the P. hominis-induced inflammatory response. L. reuteri LR1 and L. plantarum LP1 significantly down-regulated IL-6、IL-8 and TNF-α gene expression(p < 0.05) compared with the PHGD group. The probiotics also mitigated P. hominis-induced apoptosis. L. reuteri LR1 and L. plantarum LP1 significantly down-regulated Caspase3 and Bax gene expression (p < 0.05), significantly up-regulated Bcl-2 gene expression (p < 0.05) compared with the PHGD group. Among them, L. plantarum LP1 showed better anti-apoptotic effect. These findings highlight the probiotics for mitigating P. hominis infections in pigs. Their ability to enhance anti-oxidative responses, alleviate inflammation, and inhibit apoptosis holds promise for therapeutic applications. Simultaneously, probiotics can actively contribute to inhibiting trichomonal infections, offering a novel approach for preventing and treating diseases such as P. hominis. Further in vivo studies are required to validate these results and explore their potential in animal and human health.
PubMed: 38771449
DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10414-z -
Current Issues in Molecular Biology Nov 2023is a trichomonad protozoan that infects the cecum and colon of humans and other mammals. It is a zoonotic pathogen that causes diarrhea in both animals and humans. As...
is a trichomonad protozoan that infects the cecum and colon of humans and other mammals. It is a zoonotic pathogen that causes diarrhea in both animals and humans. As companion animals, dogs infected with pose a risk of transmitting it to humans. Current methods, such as direct smears and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), used for detection have limitations, including low detection rates and the need for specialized equipment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop rapid, sensitive, and simple detection methods for clinical application. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) has emerged as a technology for rapid pathogen detection. In this study, we developed a lateral flow dipstick (LFD)-RPA method based on the highly conserved gene for detecting infection by optimizing the primers, probes, and reaction conditions, and evaluating cross-reactivity with genomes of and other parasites. The LFD-RPA method was then used to test 128 dog fecal samples collected from Changchun. The results confirmed the high specificity of the method with no cross-reactivity with the five other parasites. The lowest detection limit of the method was 10 copies/µL, and its sensitivity was 10 times higher than that of the conventional PCR method. Consistent with the positivity rate observed using nested PCR, 12 samples (out of 128) tested positive using this method (positivity rate, 9.38%). In conclusion, the LFD-RPA method developed in this study represents a simple and sensitive assay that allows for the rapid detection of infection in dogs, especially in this field.
PubMed: 37998756
DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110579 -
Parasites & Vectors Feb 2018Global data regarding the molecular epidemiology of Blastocystis sp. and Pentatrichomonas hominis in sheep and goats are sparse. China has one of the largest sheep and...
BACKGROUND
Global data regarding the molecular epidemiology of Blastocystis sp. and Pentatrichomonas hominis in sheep and goats are sparse. China has one of the largest sheep and goat populations in the world. In this study we investigated the occurrence of Blastocystis sp. and P. hominis in domestic sheep and goats in China, and analyzed the genetic characterization of these two parasite species.
METHODS
In total, we collected fresh fecal samples from 832 sheep and 781 goats located on seven and ten farms, respectively, in the central eastern region of China. The corresponding sequences obtained in this study were subject to molecular analysis for subtype and allele identification of Blastocystis sp., and species and genotype confirmation of P. hominis.
RESULTS
The occurrence of Blastocystis sp. was 6.0% (50/832) in sheep and 0.3% (2/781) in goats. The most predominant subtype (ST) of Blastocystis sp. in sheep was ST10 (50.0%), followed by ST14 (20%), ST5 (16%), novel sequence 1 (6%), novel sequence 4 (4%), novel sequence 2 (2%) and novel sequence 3 (2%). However, only ST1 was observed in goats. No mixed infections with different subtypes were found in this study. The 18S alleles showed allele 2 (100%) for ST1; allele 115 (75%) for ST5; and no match allele for ST5 (25%), ST10 (100%), ST14 (100%), novel sequence 1 (100%), novel sequence 2 (100%), novel sequence 3 (100%), and novel sequence 4 (100%) on the Blastocystis subtype (18S) and Sequence Typing (MLST) database. For P. hominis, two goats (0.3%) and zero sheep (0%) were identified as positive in this study. The 18S rRNA gene sequences of two P. hominis isolates from goats displayed 100% identity to type CC1, found previously in dogs, monkeys and humans.
CONCLUSIONS
These results provide the detailed data on the occurrence and molecular epidemiology of Blastocystis sp. and P. hominis in sheep and goats in China. They also contribute to and expand our knowledge of the Blastocystis sp. and P. hominis epidemiology around the world.
Topics: Animals; Blastocystis; China; DNA, Protozoan; Feces; Genotype; Geography; Goats; Molecular Epidemiology; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Protozoan Infections, Animal; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; Sheep; Trichomonadida
PubMed: 29454366
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2671-5 -
Turkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi Jun 2018We aimed to demonstrate that Pentatrichomonas hominis may also be an agent, although rare, in diarrheal episodes. Stool samples were first examined macroscopically and...
We aimed to demonstrate that Pentatrichomonas hominis may also be an agent, although rare, in diarrheal episodes. Stool samples were first examined macroscopically and microscopically during routine parasitological examinations. Samples were then evaluated by Native-Lugol and formol-ethyl acetate centrifugation method. To exclude other pathogenic bacterial agents, a bacteriological culture method was applied. Samples were evaluated using a qualitative immunochromatographic test kit for rotavirus and adenovirus. We presented three cases of 77-year-old and 10-year-old male and 9-year-old female patients. Cases 1 and 2 were admitted to the hospital with complaints of diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weakness in July 2013. Leukocytes and active P. hominis trophozoites were detected. No bacterial and other parasitic and viral agents were found in their stool specimens. Oral metronidazole treatments were administered to the patients. In Case 3, P. hominis trophozoites were detected in the cellophane band in the plastic locked bag which could survive for 48 hduring a field survey in May 2012. Case 3 was contacted and advised to visit a pediatrician. P. hominis is a rare parasitic zoonosis, and we believe that it should not be ignored among diarrheal agents.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Animals; Antitrichomonal Agents; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Diarrhea; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Male; Metronidazole; Trichomonas; Trichomonas Infections
PubMed: 30070647
DOI: 10.5152/tpd.2018.4846 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Apr 2000Four purebred domestic cats examined because of diarrhea were found to have Pentatrichomonas hominis, a rarely reported trichomonad parasite, in their feces. Treatment...
Four purebred domestic cats examined because of diarrhea were found to have Pentatrichomonas hominis, a rarely reported trichomonad parasite, in their feces. Treatment with a combination of metronidazole and enrofloxacin tended to improve consistency of the feces, whereas treatment with metronidazole alone reduced the number of P hominis trophozoites in fecal smears but did not necessarily result in an improvement in clinical signs. Two cats were euthanatized. Necropsy revealed lymphoplasmacytic enterocolitis with eosinophils and eosinophilic globular leukocytes, neutrophils in the mucosa of the colon and within intraluminal contents of the cecum, and P hominis trophozoites in intraluminal contents of the colon and cecum.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Antitrichomonal Agents; Cat Diseases; Cats; Colon; Diarrhea; Enrofloxacin; Feces; Female; Fluoroquinolones; Male; Metronidazole; Protozoan Infections; Protozoan Infections, Animal; Quinolones; Trichomonadida
PubMed: 10767968
DOI: 10.2460/javma.2000.216.1270