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Proceedings of the National Science... Jan 1987It is always troublesome having protozoan cultures contaminated with other organisms in the laboratory. The method described here produces high efficiencies of...
It is always troublesome having protozoan cultures contaminated with other organisms in the laboratory. The method described here produces high efficiencies of purification for fast moving flagellate protozoa. A human strain Pentatrichomonas hominis was employed in the study to examine the effects of multiple loop tubes on the purification of flagellates. Trichomonads were harvested from a trypticase yeast extract iron-serum-33 (TYI-S-33) medium, adjusted to 2 X 10(5) organisms/ml, and mixed with an equal volume of 2 X 10(6) organisms/ml of bacteria. The isolation was performed at 37 degrees C in TYI-S-33 medium containing a suitable amount of antibiotics (1000 U/ml of penicillin, 1000 micrograms/ml of streptomycin, and 4 micrograms/ml of fungizone). Four days later, 10(6) organisms/ml of protozoa, free of bacteria, were observed at the other end of the single loop and the double loop tubes. About the same amount of flagellates could be found at the other end of the triple loop tube six days after incubation. The traditional U-shaped tubes were used as controls and 10(5) cells/ml of flagellates were recovered in the presence of bacteria two days after incubation. An axenic culture of P. hominis was successfully isolated from the feces of a Formosan rock-monkey, Macaca cyclopsis, by this method. Purified trichomonads were recovered from a double loop purification tube five days after incubation.
Topics: Animals; Cytological Techniques; Eukaryota; Feces; Humans; Macaca
PubMed: 3295920
DOI: No ID Found -
Cryobiology Feb 2004Conventional methods for the propagation and preservation of parasites in vivo or in vitro have some limitations, including the need for labor, initial isolation and...
Conventional methods for the propagation and preservation of parasites in vivo or in vitro have some limitations, including the need for labor, initial isolation and loss of strains, bacterial, and fungal contamination, and changes in the original biological and metabolic characteristics. All these disadvantages are considerably reduced by cryopreservation. In this study, we examined the effects of various freezing conditions on the survival of several protozoan parasites after cryopreservation. The viability of Entamoeba histolytica was improved by seeding (p < 0.05, chi2 test), while this was not so effective for Trichomonas vaginalis. Of six cryoprotectants examined, dimethyl sulfoxide (Me(2)SO), and glycerol showed the strongest cryoprotective effects. The optimum conditions for using Me(2)SO were a concentration of 10% with no equilibration, and those for glycerol were a concentration of 15% with equilibration for 2h. The optimum cooling rate depended on the parasite species. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Leishmania amazonensis were successfully cryopreserved over a wide range of cooling rates, whereas the survival rates of E. histolytica, T. vaginalis, Pentatrichomonas hominis, and Blastocystis hominis were remarkably decreased when frozen at improper rates. Unlike the cooling rate, exposure of the protozoans to a rapid thawing method produced better motility for all parasites.
Topics: Animals; Blastocystis hominis; Cryopreservation; Cryoprotective Agents; Entamoeba histolytica; Eukaryota; Leishmania mexicana; Movement; Parasites; Trichomonadida; Trichomonas vaginalis; Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
PubMed: 14969677
DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2003.10.004 -
Jikken Dobutsu. Experimental Animals Apr 1990Pentatrichomonas sp. from the feces of beagles was cultured axenically, and identified as P. hominis. The culture medium used was slightly modified Diamond's medium...
Pentatrichomonas sp. from the feces of beagles was cultured axenically, and identified as P. hominis. The culture medium used was slightly modified Diamond's medium supplemented with chicken liver extract and rifampicin. Based upon good proliferation after inoculating only a few organisms in this medium, a fecal examination method employing cultivation was developed. Resistance of the trichomonad against disinfectants and metronidazole was tested, and it was found that the protozoan was rather susceptible. After oral administration of the organism to mice and rats, all the treated animals were infected. Since two types of the trichomonad, moving and non-moving, were detected, the presence of any type resistant to standing or drying was ruled out. A possible route of trichomonad infection to beagles is discussed.
Topics: Animals; Culture Media; Disinfectants; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Feces; Female; Male; Methods; Metronidazole; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Trichomonas; Trichomonas Infections
PubMed: 2361520
DOI: No ID Found -
The British Journal of Venereal Diseases Aug 1982Clones of 32 strains of Trichomonas vaginalis isolated from patients attending a venereal diseases clinic were compared among themselves and with authentic... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Clones of 32 strains of Trichomonas vaginalis isolated from patients attending a venereal diseases clinic were compared among themselves and with authentic Pentatrichomonas hominis on the basis of their isoenzyme patterns for eight enzymes by thin-layer starch-gel electrophoresis. The enzymes examined were: glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI); phosphoglucomutase (PGM); malic enzyme (NADP+) (ME); hexokinase (HK); malate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (MDH); glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD); aldolase (ALD); and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). From the isoenzyme patterns of four enzymes (LDH, MDH, HK, and GPI) the strains of T vaginalis could be divided clearly into five groups. PGM showed differences in only one strain, while two other enzyme patterns (ME and ALD) were the same for all the strains of T vaginalis tested. All isolates were clearly distinguishable from P hominis. Although G6PD patterns were not sharp some differences were evident among T vaginalis strains.
Topics: Animals; Electrophoresis, Starch Gel; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; Mice; Trichomonas; Trichomonas vaginalis
PubMed: 6980685
DOI: 10.1136/sti.58.4.250 -
Acta Parasitologica Jun 2024In recent years, the trichomonosis in raccoon dogs in China had occurred frequently. Pentatrichomonas hominis had been described in raccoon dogs in China in some...
BACKGROUND
In recent years, the trichomonosis in raccoon dogs in China had occurred frequently. Pentatrichomonas hominis had been described in raccoon dogs in China in some previous studies. PURPOSE TO REVEAL: whether raccoon dogs can be infected by other trichomonad species besides P. hominis, and clarify the prevalence and species distribution of trichomonad in raccoon dogs.
METHODS
Herein, the 389 fecal samples were collected from farm-raised raccoon dogs in Hebei Province, all the samples were detected using the microscopic examination and several fecal samples containing trichomonad-like organisms were processed, cultured, stained, and photographed. Meanwhile, all the samples were screened by the species-specific nested PCR based on the small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene of P. hominis,Tritrichomonas foetus and Tetratrichomonas buttreyi, respectively, and all positive secondary PCR amplications obtained in this study were sequenced, aligned and analysed.
RESULTS
62 fecal samples (15.9%,62/389) were trichomonad-positive under light microscopy, and the trichomonad-like cells were clearly observed in the culture contents. The PCR results showed that 100 samples were trichomonad-positive, including 45 P. hominis-positive samples (11.6%,45/389), 32 T. foetus-positive samples (8.2%,32/389), and 33 T. buttreyi-positive samples (8.5%,33/389), respectively. Double mixed infections were observed in 10 samples. The prevalence of T. foetus and P. hominis were both significantly higher in raccoon dogs with diarrhea (13.9%, and 25.0%) than that in raccoon dogs without diarrhea (7.6%, and 9.3%) (p < 0.05).All samples confirmed as trichomonad-positive under microscopy were also found to be trichomonad-positive by PCR analysis. The sequencing and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the sequences obtained in this study belonged to P. hominis, T. foetus and T. buttreyi SSU rRNA, respectively. Among them, the T. buttreyi SSU rRNA sequences obtained in this study harbored the new sequence polymorphisms. Based on preliminary morphological and molecular analyses, raccoon dogs are considered as the new host of T. foetus and T. buttreyi.
CONCLUSION
This is the first report about the identifcation and prevalence of T. foetus and T. buttreyi in raccoon dogs in China, and the results increase our knowledge about the host range and prevalence of trichomonad species.
PubMed: 38888726
DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00858-3 -
Veterinary Parasitology Jun 2015Intestinal infection of pigs with trichomonads, (Tritrichomonas suis, Tetratrichomonas buttreyi, and Pentatrichomonas hominis) has been reported in many countries, such...
Intestinal infection of pigs with trichomonads, (Tritrichomonas suis, Tetratrichomonas buttreyi, and Pentatrichomonas hominis) has been reported in many countries, such as the Philippines, Belgium, and the Czech Republic. However, the prevalence of trichomonads infection of swine in China has not yet been investigated. In this study, we used small subunit ribosomal RNA genes to detect the prevalence of T. suis, T. buttreyi and P. hominis among 158 fecal specimens from healthy pigs. Infection rates were 12.03%(19/158), 14.57% (23/158), and 24.05% (38/158) for T. suis, T. buttreyi and P. hominis, respectively. Molecular evolutionary analysis showed minor allelic variation in T. buttreyi from China compared to T. buttreyi isolated from other hosts in different parts of the world.
Topics: Animals; China; DNA, Protozoan; DNA, Ribosomal; Feces; Intestines; Prevalence; Protozoan Infections, Animal; Swine; Swine Diseases; Trichomonadida
PubMed: 25981103
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.04.028 -
Veterinary Sciences May 2024Several trichomonad species have already been identified in pigs, and their pathogenic potential may not be ruled out. To date, however, no information is available...
Several trichomonad species have already been identified in pigs, and their pathogenic potential may not be ruled out. To date, however, no information is available regarding the prevalence of trichomonads in pigs in Shanxi Province, North China. In the present study, a total of 362 fecal samples collected from pigs in three representative counties (Qi, Jishan, and Shanyin) in this province were examined for , , and using a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene. The overall prevalence of was 49.72%, and region and age were found to be significantly associated with infection, respectively. Only one pig fecal sample from Qi County was found to be positive for , and all samples were negative for . Molecular evolutionary analysis revealed that some isolates showed complete genetic identity with those reported previously, and some isolates and one isolate showed minor allelic variations compared with those reported previously. This is the report of the molecular epidemiology of and in pigs in Shanxi Province, North China. These findings not only enrich the knowledge on the distribution of these trichomonad species in pigs in China but also provide baseline information for planning future research and control strategies.
PubMed: 38787175
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11050203 -
Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia... 2020Pentatrichomonas hominis and Tritrichomonas foetus (cat genotype) have been commonly identified as intestinal trichomonads in both dogs and cats. Although P. hominis is...
Pentatrichomonas hominis and Tritrichomonas foetus (cat genotype) have been commonly identified as intestinal trichomonads in both dogs and cats. Although P. hominis is considered as non-pathogenic protozoa in many kinds of mammals, it has the potential for zoonotic transmission. T. foetus has been recognized as the emerging causative agent of diarrhea in cats without the risk of zoonotic transmission. As pet shops are the major source of young companion animals, the present study discusses the molecular prevalence of P. hominis and T. foetus from 544 pet shop puppies and 409 kittens. The results suggest that the prevalence of P. hominis (puppies: 7.0%; kittens: 0.5%) and T. foetus (puppies: 0%; kittens: 2.4%) in pet shop young animals are low. In addition, the infections of P. hominis and T. foetus are not always associated with the clinical signs (soft or diarrhea feces).
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Feces; Female; Japan; Prevalence; Protozoan Infections, Animal; Trichomonadida; Tritrichomonas foetus; Zoonoses
PubMed: 33237191
DOI: 10.1590/S1984-29612020098 -
Veterinary Parasitology Sep 2013Trichomonads are a group of anaerobic flagellates. Two species of intestinal trichomonads have been described in cats - pathogenic Tritrichomonas foetus and probably...
Trichomonads are a group of anaerobic flagellates. Two species of intestinal trichomonads have been described in cats - pathogenic Tritrichomonas foetus and probably harmless Pentatrichomonas hominis. InPouch™ TF-Feline medium (Bio-Med Diagnostics, White City, Oregon, USA) is considered the gold standard for diagnosis of T. foetus infection in cats. It is commercially available, relatively cheap and easy-to-use. The medium is intended to be highly specific to T. foetus as morphologically similar Pentatrichomonas hominis and Giardia sp. do not survive here longer than 24h. In this study we successfully cultivated P. hominis in InPouch™ TF-Feline medium for 3 days after inoculation with cat faeces. The identity of the organism was assessed by sequencing of SSU rDNA and ITS region. Possible coinfection with T. foetus was ruled out using Tritrichomonas-specific PCR. Our results suggest possible misdiagnosis of tritrichomonosis in cats using InPouch™ TF-Feline medium. PCR-based verification of culture-positive samples prior the potentially neurotoxic ronidazole treatment is recommended.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Culture Media; Feces; Male; Protozoan Infections, Animal; Tritrichomonas foetus
PubMed: 23643452
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.04.015 -
Journal of Hygiene, Epidemiology,... 1985Fresh stool samples obtained from 1407 adult patients who sought treatment in Takeo province hospital and 332 Takeo preschool and school-age children from 3 to 18 years...
Fresh stool samples obtained from 1407 adult patients who sought treatment in Takeo province hospital and 332 Takeo preschool and school-age children from 3 to 18 years of age were examined for the presence of intestinal parasites using the technique of native preparation and the flotation method of Faust with subsequent staining with Lugol solution to demonstrate cysts. In hospital patients, a total of 13 protozoan and 9 helminth species were diagnosed. The prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica (cysts and trophozoites) was highest in the age group 15-18 years (18.3%), the peak prevalence of Gairdia lamblia (27.6%) occurred in children of the age group 6-9 years. The highest frequency distribution of Pentatrichomonas hominis (20.1%) was recorded in 3 to 5 years old, that of Enteromonas hominis (12.8%) in 6 to 9 years old. The predominant helminth was Ancylostoma duodenale, with the peak prevalence (65.2%) in patients older than 18 years, followed by Ascaris lumbricoides and Strongyloides stercoralis. Almost half of children patients under 6 was infected with at least two species of parasites, patients over 6 were infected simultaneously with two or more intestinal parasites in an absolute majority of cases. In Takeo preschool and school children the spectrum of diagnosed protozoan and helminth species was somewhat narrower than seen in hospital patients, but their prevalence rates were higher, except for the flagellate Pentatrichomonas hominis. The highest prevalence rates recorded were for E. histolytica 29.5% (age category 10-14 years), for G. lamblia 34.8% (age category 6-9 years), for P. hominis 19.3% (age category 3-5 years), for E. hominis 10.5% (age category 3-5 years), for A. duodenale 85.9% (age category 15-18 years), for A. lumbricoides 26.1% (age category 6-9 years), and for S. stercoralis 18.8% (age category 6-9 years). As many as 70% of children at the age between 6 and 15 years were simultaneously infected with two or three species of intestinal parasites.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Child; Child, Preschool; Czechoslovakia; Eukaryota; Feces; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Diseases; Protozoan Infections; Species Specificity
PubMed: 4086816
DOI: No ID Found