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International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2021is a leading diarrheal cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries and in children under five years of age. Increasing... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
is a leading diarrheal cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries and in children under five years of age. Increasing levels of antimicrobial resistance make vaccine development an even higher global health priority. serotype 6 is one of the targets of many multicomponent vaccines in development to ensure broad protection against . The O-antigen (OAg) is a key active ingredient and its content is a critical quality attribute for vaccine release in order to monitor their stability and to ensure appropriate immune response. Here, the optimization of two methods to quantify 6 OAg is reported together with the characterization of their performances. The optimized Dische colorimetric method allows a tenfold increment of the sensitivity with respect to the original method and is useful for fast analysis detecting selectively methyl-pentoses, as rhamnose in 6 OAg. Also, a more specific HPAEC-PAD method was developed, detecting the dimer galacturonic acid-galactosamine (GalA-GalN) coming from 6 OAg acid hydrolysis. These methods will facilitate characterization of 6 OAg based vaccines. The colorimetric method can be used for quantification of other polysaccharide containing methyl-pentoses, and the HPAEC-PAD could be extended to other polysaccharides containing uronic acids.
Topics: Hexuronic Acids; O Antigens; Pentoses; Shigella flexneri
PubMed: 34830042
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212160 -
Biotechnology Advances 2023The conventional yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is the most studied yeast and has been used in many important industrial productions, especially in bioethanol... (Review)
Review
The conventional yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is the most studied yeast and has been used in many important industrial productions, especially in bioethanol production from first generation feedstock (sugar and starchy biomass). However, for reduced cost and to avoid competition with food, second generation bioethanol, which is produced from lignocellulosic feedstock, is now being investigated. Production of second generation bioethanol involves pre-treatment and hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass to sugar monomers containing, amongst others, d-glucose and D-xylose. Intrinsically, S. cerevisiae strains lack the ability to ferment pentose sugars and genetic engineering of S. cerevisiae to inculcate the ability to ferment pentose sugars is ongoing to develop recombinant strains with the required stability and robustness for commercial second generation bioethanol production. Furthermore, pre-treatment of these lignocellulosic wastes leads to the release of inhibitory compounds which adversely affect the growth and fermentation by S. cerevisae. S. cerevisiae also lacks the ability to grow at high temperatures which favour Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of substrates to bioethanol. There is, therefore, a need for robust yeast species which can co-ferment hexose and pentose sugars and can tolerate high temperatures and the inhibitory substances produced during pre-treatment and hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials. Non-conventional yeast strains are potential solutions to these problems due to their abilities to ferment both hexose and pentose sugars, and tolerate high temperature and stress conditions encountered during ethanol production from lignocellulosic hydrolysate. This review highlights the limitations of the conventional yeast species and the potentials of non-conventional yeast strains in commercialization of second generation bioethanol.
Topics: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Pentoses; Xylose; Genetic Engineering; Fermentation
PubMed: 36669745
DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108100 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry May 1955
Topics: Acetobacter; Acetone; Dihydroxyacetone; Oxidation-Reduction; Pentoses
PubMed: 14367359
DOI: No ID Found -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Jul 2020Currently, due to the special functions and potential application values, rare sugars become the hot topic in carbohydrate fields. L-Ribulose, an isomer of L-ribose, is... (Review)
Review
Currently, due to the special functions and potential application values, rare sugars become the hot topic in carbohydrate fields. L-Ribulose, an isomer of L-ribose, is an expensive rare ketopentose. As an important precursor for other rare sugars and L-nucleoside analogue synthesis, L-ribulose attracts more and more attention in recent days. Compared with complicated chemical synthesis, the bioconversion method becomes a good alternative approach to L-ribulose production. Generally, the bioconversion of L-ribulose was linked with ribitol, L-arabinose, L-ribose, L-xylulose, and L-arabitol. Herein, an overview of recent advances in the metabolic pathway, chemical synthesis, bioproduction of L-ribulose, and the potential application of L-ribulose is reviewed in detail in this paper. KEY POINTS: 1. L-Ribulose is a rare sugar and the key precursor for L-ribose production. 2. L-Ribulose is the starting material for L-nucleoside derivative synthesis. 3. Chemical synthesis, bioproduction, and applications of L-ribulose are reviewed.
Topics: Arabinose; Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins; Biocatalysis; Biotransformation; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Pentoses; Ribitol; Ribose; Sugar Alcohols; Xylulose
PubMed: 32372201
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10637-5 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry Nov 1948
Topics: Nucleic Acids; Pancreas; Pentoses; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Yeasts
PubMed: 18889927
DOI: No ID Found -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Jan 2014A strain development program was initiated to improve the tolerance of the pentose-fermenting yeast Pachysolen tannophilus to inhibitors in lignocellulosic hydrolysates....
A strain development program was initiated to improve the tolerance of the pentose-fermenting yeast Pachysolen tannophilus to inhibitors in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Several rounds of UV mutagenesis followed by screening were used to select for mutants of P. tannophilus NRRL Y2460 with improved tolerance to hardwood spent sulfite liquor (HW SSL) and acetic acid in separate selection lines. The wild type (WT) strain grew in 50 % (v/v) HW SSL while third round HW SSL mutants (designated UHW301, UHW302 and UHW303) grew in 60 % (v/v) HW SSL, with two of these isolates (UHW302 and UHW303) being viable and growing, respectively, in 70 % (v/v) HW SSL. In defined liquid media containing acetic acid, the WT strain grew in 0.70 % (w/v) acetic acid, while third round acetic acid mutants (designated UAA301, UAA302 and UAA303) grew in 0.80 % (w/v) acetic acid, with one isolate (UAA302) growing in 0.90 % (w/v) acetic acid. Cross-tolerance of HW SSL-tolerant mutants to acetic acid and vice versa was observed with UHW303 able to grow in 0.90 % (w/v) acetic acid and UAA302 growing in 60 % (v/v) HW SSL. The UV-induced mutants retained the ability to ferment glucose and xylose to ethanol in defined media. These mutants of P. tannophilus are of considerable interest for bioconversion of the sugars in lignocellulosic hydrolysates to ethanol.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Bioreactors; Ethanol; Fermentation; Glucose; Mutagenesis; Pentoses; Saccharomycetales; Sulfites; Wood; Xylose
PubMed: 24122119
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-013-0050-y -
The American Journal of Physiology Feb 1958
Topics: Carbohydrate Metabolism; Exercise; Humans; Insulin; Muscles; Pentoses
PubMed: 13508871
DOI: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1958.192.2.287 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry Sep 1950
Topics: Animals; Mammals; Nucleic Acids; Nucleotides; Pentoses; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Yeasts
PubMed: 14778803
DOI: No ID Found -
FEMS Yeast Research Jun 2016Efficient conversion of hexoses and pentoses into value-added chemicals represents one core step for establishing economically feasible biorefineries from...
Efficient conversion of hexoses and pentoses into value-added chemicals represents one core step for establishing economically feasible biorefineries from lignocellulosic material. While extensive research efforts have recently provided advances in the overall process performance, the quest for new microbial cell factories and novel enzymes sources is still open. As demonstrated recently the yeast Sugiyamaella lignohabitans (formerly Candida lignohabitans) represents a promising microbial cell factory for the production of organic acids from lignocellulosic hydrolysates. We report here the de novo genome assembly of S. lignohabitans using the Single Molecule Real-Time platform, with gene prediction refined by using RNA-seq. The sequencing revealed a 15.98 Mb genome, subdivided into four chromosomes. By phylogenetic analysis, Blastobotrys (Arxula) adeninivorans and Yarrowia lipolytica were found to be close relatives of S. lignohabitans Differential gene expression was evaluated in typical growth conditions on glucose and xylose and allowed a first insight into the transcriptional response of S. lignohabitans to different carbon sources and different oxygenation conditions. Novel sequences for enzymes and transporters involved in the central carbon metabolism, and therefore of potential biotechnological interest, were identified. These data open the way for a better understanding of the metabolism of S. lignohabitans and provide resources for further metabolic engineering.
Topics: Chromosomes, Fungal; Gene Expression Profiling; Genome, Fungal; Glucose; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Pentoses; Phylogeny; Saccharomycetales; Sequence Homology; Xylose
PubMed: 27189363
DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fow037 -
Clinica Chimica Acta; International... Oct 1964
Topics: Blood; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Glucose; Indicators and Reagents; Pentoses; Plasma; Regression Analysis; Resorcinols
PubMed: 14219576
DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(64)90062-2