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Connecticut Medicine Feb 2010Peptostreptococcus species are part of the normal flora of human mucocutaneous surfaces. They account for 30% of anaerobes isolated from clinical sources, and are...
Peptostreptococcus species are part of the normal flora of human mucocutaneous surfaces. They account for 30% of anaerobes isolated from clinical sources, and are involved in a wide variety of clinically significant infections. Peptostreptococcus magnus is the species most frequently isolated from clinical specimens as well as from normally sterile sites in pure culture. Rarely have these organisms been reported as causes of endocarditis involving native and prosthetic valves, and very little is known about the appropriate therapy for these infections. We report a case of native valve endocarditis caused by Peptostreptococcus species, and provide a review of the literature on infective endocarditis caused by these organisms.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Echocardiography, Transesophageal; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Peptostreptococcus
PubMed: 20218045
DOI: No ID Found -
Medecine Et Maladies Infectieuses Feb 2017
Review
Topics: Aged; Aortic Valve; Bioprosthesis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Emergencies; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Female; Firmicutes; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Peptostreptococcus; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Pulmonary Edema
PubMed: 27692827
DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2016.08.009 -
Methods in Enzymology 1978
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Anaerobiosis; Clostridium; Cytochrome c Group; Desulfovibrio; Ferredoxins; Micrococcus; Oxidation-Reduction; Peptostreptococcus; Rubredoxins; Species Specificity; Spectrophotometry
PubMed: 213684
DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(78)53039-5 -
Journal of Periodontology Feb 2000Two genotypes can be distinguished within the species Peptostreptococcus micros: a smooth (Sm) and a rough (Rg) type. To date no systematic study has been performed on... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Two genotypes can be distinguished within the species Peptostreptococcus micros: a smooth (Sm) and a rough (Rg) type. To date no systematic study has been performed on the prevalence and proportion of both types in untreated periodontitis patients and subjects without destructive periodontal disease. Therefore, the present study was performed to investigate: 1) the relative importance of the Sm and the Rg genotype of P micros in periodontitis and gingivitis; 2) the correlation between smoking and the 2 genotypes of P micros; and 3) the systemic antibody response against the 2 genotypes in relation to the periodontal condition and smoking.
METHODS
A total of 104 untreated periodontitis patients and 41 individuals with gingivitis underwent clinical examination and microbiological sampling. Pocket samples were cultured anaerobically on blood agar plates to determine the prevalence and proportion of the Sm and Rg types of P micros. Serum antibody titers against both types of P micros were determined in all subjects by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using whole bacterial cells as antigen. Additionally, in a representative group of subjects, the antigen specificity of the serum antibodies was assessed by immunoblotting experiments.
RESULTS
The prevalence of the Sm genotype was higher in subjects with periodontitis (94%) compared to subjects with gingivitis (59%), whereas the prevalence of the Rg type was not significantly different (38% versus 29%). Similar analyses were performed for subgroups of smokers and non-smokers; within the periodontitis group, the prevalence of the Sm type was not different between smokers and non-smokers (96% and 92%, respectively), whereas the prevalence of the Rg type was higher in smokers (48%) compared to non-smokers (19%). No difference in prevalence of both types was observed between smokers and non-smokers within the gingivitis group. The titers and specificity of P micros-specific immunoglobulins in periodontitis patients were not different from those in gingivitis subjects, nor were they related to smoking status or culture-positivity.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study suggest that both the Sm and the Rg genotypes of P micros are part of the normal oral microbiota. However, the elevated prevalence of the Sm genotype in periodontitis and the elevated prevalence of the Rg type in periodontitis patients who smoke implies that both types can behave as opportunistic pathogens in destructive periodontal disease.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Bacterial; Chi-Square Distribution; Colony Count, Microbial; Dental Plaque; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epitopes; Female; Genotype; Gingivitis; Humans; Immunoblotting; Male; Peptostreptococcus; Periodontitis; Smoking; Statistics, Nonparametric; Virulence
PubMed: 10711611
DOI: 10.1902/jop.2000.71.2.209 -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Jan 1998Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) are a heterogeneous group of organisms defined by their morphological appearance and their inability to grow in the presence of... (Review)
Review
Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) are a heterogeneous group of organisms defined by their morphological appearance and their inability to grow in the presence of oxygen; most clinical isolates are identified to species in the genus Peptostreptococcus. GPAC are part of the normal flora of all mucocutaneous surfaces and are often isolated from infections such as deep organ abscesses, obstetric and gynecological sepsis, and intraoral infections. They have been little studied for several reasons, which include an inadequate classification, difficulties with laboratory identification, and the mixed nature of the infections from which they are usually isolated. Nucleic acid studies indicate that the classification is in need of radical revision at the genus level. Several species of Peptostreptococcus have recently been described, but others still await formal recognition. Identification has been based on carbohydrate fermentation tests, but most GPAC are asaccharolytic and use the products of protein degradation for their metabolism; the introduction of commercially available preformed enzyme kits affords a physiologically more appropriate method of identification, which is simple and relatively rapid and can be used in routine diagnostic laboratories. Recent reports have documented the isolation in pure culture of several species, notably Peptostreptococcus magnus, from serious infections. Studies of P. magnus have elucidated several virulence factors which correlate with the site of infection, and reveal some similarities to Staphylococcus aureus. P. micros is a strongly proteolytic species; it is increasingly recognized as an important pathogen in intraoral infections, particularly periodontitis, and mixed anaerobic deep-organ abscesses. Comparison of antibiotic susceptibility patterns reveals major differences between species. Penicillins are the antibiotics of choice, although some strains of P. anaerobius show broad-spectrum beta-lactam resistance.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Gram-Positive Cocci; Humans; Peptostreptococcus
PubMed: 9457430
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.11.1.81 -
Anaerobe Dec 2012A polyphasic taxonomic study was performed on two strains of an unknown Gram-positive, asaccharolytic, nonspore-forming, obligately anaerobic coccus-shaped bacterium...
A polyphasic taxonomic study was performed on two strains of an unknown Gram-positive, asaccharolytic, nonspore-forming, obligately anaerobic coccus-shaped bacterium isolated from oral subgingival plaque of Labrador retriever dogs. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed that these isolates were highly related to each other and formed a hitherto unknown linage within the clostridial rRNA XI cluster of organisms. Pairwise analysis demonstrated that the novel organism to be most closely related to members of the genus Peptostreptococcus with 16S rDNA gene sequence similarity values between 92.8% and 96.7%, respectively. The G + C DNA base composition was 30.8 mol% and the major cellular fatty acids included iso-C(14:0,) iso-C(16:0), and iso-C(16:0 DMA). Based on biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic evidence it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be classified as a new species, Peptostreptococcus canis sp. nov. The type strain is CCUG 57081(T).
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cluster Analysis; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Dental Plaque; Dogs; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Mouth; Peptostreptococcus; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 23131868
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2012.10.008 -
International Journal of Systematic... Oct 1992We describe three new species of the genus Peptostreptococcus which were isolated from human specimens and were tentatively identified as Peptostreptococcus prevotii....
Three new species of the genus Peptostreptococcus isolated from humans: Peptostreptococcus vaginalis sp. nov., Peptostreptococcus lacrimalis sp. nov., and Peptostreptococcus lactolyticus sp. nov.
We describe three new species of the genus Peptostreptococcus which were isolated from human specimens and were tentatively identified as Peptostreptococcus prevotii. These three organisms were not homologous with previously described type strains of the genus Peptostreptococcus. A total of 12 strains that were identified biochemically as P. prevotii were divided into five independent DNA similarity groups; 10 of these strains were divided into three similarity groups which exhibited significant phenotypic differences from previously described species. Therefore, we propose the following new species: Peptostreptococcus vaginalis for group 1 strains, Peptostreptococcus lacrimalis for group 2 strains, and Peptostreptococcus lactolyticus for group 3 strains. The type strain of P. vaginalis is strain GIFU 12669 (= JCM 8138), the type strain of P. lacrimalis is strain GIFU 7667 (= JCM 8139), and the type strain of P. lactolyticus is strain GIFU 8586 (= JCM 8140).
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Carbohydrate Metabolism; DNA, Bacterial; Fermentation; Humans; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Peptostreptococcus; Phenotype; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
PubMed: 1390111
DOI: 10.1099/00207713-42-4-602 -
Acta Reumatologica Portuguesa 2016Peptostreptococcus spp are commensal organisms, usually involved in periodontal disease. Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus is an anaerobic gram-negative cocci,...
Peptostreptococcus spp are commensal organisms, usually involved in periodontal disease. Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus is an anaerobic gram-negative cocci, difficult to isolate due to its slow growth. Septic arthritis by this microorganism is a rare entity, but it can occur by hematogenous dissemination from a distant focus. Colonization and growth are more likely to occur in an already damaged articulation. We report the case of a 57 year-old woman with peripheral spondyloarthritis who developed knee septic arthritis by Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus.
Topics: Arthritis, Infectious; Female; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Middle Aged; Peptostreptococcus
PubMed: 27155565
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Apr 2003Peptostreptococcus magnus is the most pathogenic and one of the most common Gram-positive anaerobic cocci found in human clinical specimens. The organism has been...
Peptostreptococcus magnus is the most pathogenic and one of the most common Gram-positive anaerobic cocci found in human clinical specimens. The organism has been isolated in pure culture from a range of serious infections, including meningitis and endocarditis. However, isolation of Peptostreptococcus magnus from the oral cavity has rarely been attempted. Identification of Peptostreptococcus magnus in clinical specimens is reliant upon microbiological culture and biochemical methods, which often give ambiguous results. The aim of this study was to develop a PCR assay for the specific detection of Peptostreptococcus magnus in oral clinical specimens. PCR primers specific for Peptostreptococcus magnus DNA were derived by comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences and selection of primers that demonstrated specificity at their 3' ends for Peptostreptococcus magnus. PCR positivity for Peptostreptococcus magnus DNA was indicated by the amplification of a 553 bp product. The PCR assay was then used to attempt detection of Peptostreptococcus magnus DNA in subgingival plaque samples from adult periodontitis patients and pus aspirates from subjects with acute dento-alveolar abscesses. The PCR assay was demonstrated to be highly specific for Peptostreptococcus magnus DNA, since no PCR products were obtained when genomic DNA from a wide range of other oral bacteria, including closely related Peptostreptococcus species, was used in the PCR assay. Confirmation of specific amplification of Peptostreptococcus magnus DNA was obtained by digestion of PCR products with the restriction endonuclease RsaI, which gives a unique restriction profile for Peptostreptococcus magnus. Of the 33 subgingival plaque samples analysed, 2 (6 %) were positive for Peptostreptococcus magnus DNA. None of the 60 pus aspirates analysed was positive for Peptostreptococcus magnus DNA. It is concluded that Peptostreptococcus magnus is not a major pathogen in adult periodontitis or dento-alveolar abscesses. The PCR assay provides a more rapid, specific and sensitive alternative to conventional methods for identification of Peptostreptococcus magnus in clinical specimens.
Topics: Adult; DNA, Bacterial; Dental Plaque; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Middle Aged; Peptostreptococcus; Periapical Abscess; Periodontitis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Restriction Mapping; Sensitivity and Specificity; Suppuration
PubMed: 12676869
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.05004-0 -
Journal of Clinical Neuroscience :... May 2015Brain abscesses are rare but potentially deadly complications of odontogenic infections. This phenomenon has been described mainly in the form of case reports, as... (Review)
Review
Brain abscesses are rare but potentially deadly complications of odontogenic infections. This phenomenon has been described mainly in the form of case reports, as large-scale studies are difficult to perform. We compiled a total of 60 previously published cases of such a complication to investigate the predisposing factors, microbiology, and clinical outcomes of intracranial abscesses of odontogenic origin. A systematic review of the literature using the PubMed database was performed. Men accounted for 82.1% of cases, and the mean age was 42.1 years. Caries with periapical involvement and periodontitis were the two most common intra-oral sources, and wisdom tooth extraction was the most common preceding dental procedure. In 56.4% of cases, there were obvious signs of dental disease prior to development of intracranial infection. Commonly implicated microorganisms included Streptococcus viridans (especially the anginosus group), Actinomyces, Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Eikenella corrodens. There was an 8.3% mortality rate. Intracranial abscesses can form anywhere within the brain, and appear unrelated to the side of dental involvement. This suggests that hematogenous spread is the most likely route of dissemination.
Topics: Bacterial Infections; Body Piercing; Brain Abscess; Humans; Mouth Mucosa; Peptostreptococcus; Tooth Extraction
PubMed: 25800939
DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.11.015