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Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung. C,... 1989Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase of anaerobic bacteria catalyzes the reversible conversion of CO to "CO2". With the enzyme from Peptostreptococcus productus it is shown...
Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase of anaerobic bacteria catalyzes the reversible conversion of CO to "CO2". With the enzyme from Peptostreptococcus productus it is shown that CO2 rather than HCO3- (H2CO3) is the active species of "CO2" formed by this dehydrogenase.
Topics: Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Enzymes; Kinetics; Multienzyme Complexes; Peptostreptococcus
PubMed: 2504176
DOI: 10.1515/znc-1989-5-609 -
Anaerobe Aug 2018Diterpenes are an important class of plant metabolites that can be used in the search for new antibacterial agents. ent-Copalic acid (CA), the major diterpene in...
Diterpenes are an important class of plant metabolites that can be used in the search for new antibacterial agents. ent-Copalic acid (CA), the major diterpene in Copaifera species exudates, displays several pharmacological properties. This study evaluates the CA antibacterial potential against the anaerobic bacteria Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Actinomyces naeslundii. Antimicrobial assays included time-kill and biofilm inhibition and eradication assays. Time-kill assays conducted for CA concentrations between 6.25 and 12.5 μg/mL evidenced bactericidal activity within 72 h. CA combined with chlorhexidine dihydrochloride (CHD) exhibited bactericidal action against P. anaerobius within 6 h of incubation. As for A. naeslundii, the same combination reduced the number of microorganisms by over 3 log10 at 24 h and exerted a bactericidal effect at 48 h of incubation. CA at 500 and 2000 μg/mL inhibited P. anaerobius and A. naeslundii biofilm formation by at least 50%, respectively. CA at 62.5 and 1.000 μg/mL eradicated 99.9% of pre-formed P. anaerobius and A. naeslundii biofilms, respectively. These results indicated that CA presents in vitro antibacterial activity and is a potential biofilm inhibitory agent. This diterpene may play an important role in the search for novel sources of agents that can act against anaerobic bacteria.
Topics: Actinomyces; Biofilms; Diterpenes; Fabaceae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Peptostreptococcus; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 29885640
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.05.013 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Nov 1988A monensin-sensitive ruminal peptostreptococcus was able to grow rapidly (growth rate of 0.5/h) on an enzymatic hydrolysate of casein, but less than 23% of the amino...
A monensin-sensitive ruminal peptostreptococcus was able to grow rapidly (growth rate of 0.5/h) on an enzymatic hydrolysate of casein, but less than 23% of the amino acid nitrogen was ever utilized. When an acid hydrolysate was substituted for the enzymatic digest, more than 31% of the nitrogen was converted to ammonia and cell protein. Coculture experiments and synergisms with peptide-degrading strains of Bacteroides ruminicola and Streptococcus bovis indicated that the peptostreptococcus was unable to transport certain peptides or hydrolyze them extracellularly. Leucine, serine, phenylalanine, threonine, and glutamine were deaminated at rates of 349, 258, 102, 95, and 91 nmol/mg of protein per min, respectively. Deamination rates for some other amino acids were increased when the amino acids were provided as pairs of oxidized and reduced amino acids (Stickland reactions), but these rates were still less than 80 nmol/mg of protein per min. In continuous culture (dilution rate of 0.1/h), bacterial dry matter and ammonia production decreased dramatically at a pH of less than 6.0. When dilution rates were increased from 0.08 to 0.32/h (pH 7.0), ammonia production increased while production of bacterial dry matter and protein decreased. These rather peculiar kinetics resulted in a slightly negative estimate of maintenance energy and could not be explained by a change in fermentation products. Approximately 80% of the cell dry matter was protein. When corrections were made for cell composition, the yield of ATP was higher than the theoretical maximum value. It is possible that mechanisms other than substrate-level phosphorylation contributed to the energetics of growth.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Biological Transport; Caseins; Culture Media; Fermentation; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Monensin; Peptides; Peptostreptococcus; Protein Hydrolysates; Rumen; Streptococcus
PubMed: 2975156
DOI: 10.1128/aem.54.11.2742-2749.1988 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Jun 1993The strains formerly classified as Streptococcus anginosus or "Streptococcus milleri" have now been recognized as three distinct species, Streptococcus anginosus,... (Review)
Review
The strains formerly classified as Streptococcus anginosus or "Streptococcus milleri" have now been recognized as three distinct species, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus constellatus, and Streptococcus intermedius. Streptococcus morbillorum has been transferred into the genus Gemella. Four new species within the genus Peptostreptococcus were recently named. A recent addition to the genus Clostridium is Clostridium argentinense, which includes Clostridium botulinum type G. Two new species of Actinomyces have been introduced: Actinomyces georgiae and Actinomyces gerencseriae. Arachnia propionica was shown to be related to propionibacteria and has been renamed Propionibacterium propionicum. Eubacterium yurii was named to contain "test-tube brush" bacteria found in subgingival plaque. Lactobacillus uli and Lactobacillus rimae are obligately anaerobic lactobacilli found in periodontal pockets. Bilophila is a new genus of gram-negative bacilli. Wolinella recta and Wolinella curva are now included in the genus Campylobacter. The taxonomic position of Mobiluncus, currently assigned to the family Bacteroidaceae, remains uncertain.
Topics: Bacteroides; Campylobacter; Clostridium; Female; Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Peptostreptococcus; Phylogeny; Streptococcus
PubMed: 8324113
DOI: 10.1093/clinids/16.supplement_4.s168 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Oct 1989A recently isolated ruminal peptostreptococcus which produced large amounts of branched-chain volatile fatty acids grew rapidly with leucine as an energy source in the...
A recently isolated ruminal peptostreptococcus which produced large amounts of branched-chain volatile fatty acids grew rapidly with leucine as an energy source in the presence but not the absence of Na. Leucine transport could be driven by an artificial membrane potential (delta psi) only when Na was available, and a chemical gradient of Na+ (delta uNa+) also drove uptake. Because Na+ was taken up with leucine and a Z delta pH could not serve as a driving force (with or without Na), it appeared that leucine was transported in symport with Na+. The leucine carrier could use Li as well as Na and had a single binding site for Na+. The Km for Na was 5.2 mM, and the Km and Vmax for leucine were 77 microM and 328 nmol/mg of protein per min, respectively. Since valine and isoleucine competitively inhibited (Kis of 90 and 49 microM, respectively) leucine transport, it appeared that the peptostreptococcus used a common carrier for branched-chain amino acids. Valine or isoleucine was taken up rapidly, but little ammonia was produced if they were provided individually. The lack of ammonia could be explained by an accumulation of reducing equivalents. The ionophore, monensin, inhibited growth, but leucine was taken up and deaminated at a slow rate. Monensin caused a loss of K, an increase in Na, a slight increase in delta psi, and a decrease in intracellular pH. The inhibition of growth was consistent with a large decrease in ATP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Topics: Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Animals; Binding Sites; Biological Transport; Cattle; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isoleucine; Kinetics; Leucine; Membrane Potentials; Monensin; Peptostreptococcus; Potassium; Rumen; Sodium; Valine
PubMed: 2604404
DOI: 10.1128/aem.55.10.2658-2663.1989 -
Oral Microbiology and Immunology Feb 1999Peptostreptococcus micros, which is associated with oral and non-oral mixed anaerobic infections, occurs in three colony morphotypes, the smooth type, the rough type and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Peptostreptococcus micros, which is associated with oral and non-oral mixed anaerobic infections, occurs in three colony morphotypes, the smooth type, the rough type and the smooth variant of the rough type. These types differ in surface structures; the rough type expresses large fibrillar surface appendages, which are absent on the surface of both the smooth and the smooth variant of the rough type. To determine the role of these surface structures in adherence we characterized the adherence of the three morphotypes of P. micros to epithelial cells in vitro. Although all three types adhered well to epithelial cells, adhering numbers of the rough type were significantly lower than those of the smooth and the smooth variant of the rough type. Protease treatment increased the adherence of the rough type of the level of the two other types. The adherence of all three types was reduced more than 85% by treatment with 10 mM sodium periodate. Furthermore, the adherence was pH independent and could not be blocked by incubation with antisera to the bacteria. In addition, we determined the capacity to invade epithelial cells by P. micros. In an acridine orange assay such invasion could not be detected. Our results suggest that the adherence of P. micros to epithelial cells is mediated by periodate-sensitive extracellular polysaccharides and that the protruding fibril-like protein surface structures of the rough type have an obstructive effect on the adherence.
Topics: Adhesins, Bacterial; Adult; Bacterial Adhesion; Cells, Cultured; Epithelial Cells; Female; Gingiva; HeLa Cells; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; KB Cells; Male; Middle Aged; Peptostreptococcus; Periodontitis
PubMed: 10204480
DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-302x.1999.140106.x -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Apr 1979Extracts from several species of gram-positive cocci were prepared by a modification of the Rantz-Randall autoclave method and tested for reactions with rabbit...
Extracts from several species of gram-positive cocci were prepared by a modification of the Rantz-Randall autoclave method and tested for reactions with rabbit anti-Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (ATCC 27337 and VPI 5737) sera in a capillary precipitin test. Antigen preparations from two reference strains of P. anaerobius (ATCC 27337 and VPI 5737) and six clinical isolates of P. anaerobius reacted with the P. anaerobius antisera. These extracts formed a line of identity by immunodiffusion and displayed at least one precipitin line by immunoelectrophoresis. Absorption of the antisera with either the autoclaved extract or a 10% whole-cell suspension from each of the eight P. anaerobius strains removed the precipitin line(s) observed during immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. Extracts prepared to other species of Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, and Streptococcus did not react with the P. anaerobius antisera in a capillary precipitin test. In addition antisera to Lancefield groups A to G did not react with the extracts from the eight P. anaerobius strains. Preliminary chemical analysis of the extracts from the eight strains showed that they contained approximately 0.2 mg of carbohydrate per ml and 3.6 mg of protein per ml. The rabbit anti-P. anaerobius sera used in this study detected a common antigen(s) shared by strains of P. anaerobius, but did not react with autoclave extracts prepared from other species of gram-positive cocci. This extractable antigen could be used in a capillary precipitin test to rapidly identify P. anaerobius strains isolated in the clinical microbiology laboratory.
Topics: Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Infections; Epitopes; Humans; Immunodiffusion; Immunoelectrophoresis; Peptostreptococcus; Precipitin Tests; Solubility
PubMed: 88461
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.9.4.507-510.1979 -
Veterinary Clinical Pathology Mar 2009
Topics: Abscess; Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Peptostreptococcus
PubMed: 19272085
DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165X.2009.00109.x -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Feb 1998Recently, an atypical rough colony morphotype of Peptostreptococcus micros, a species which is found in ulcerating infections, including periodontitis, was isolated. The...
Recently, an atypical rough colony morphotype of Peptostreptococcus micros, a species which is found in ulcerating infections, including periodontitis, was isolated. The virulence of morphotypes alone and in combination with Prevotella intermedia and P. nigrescens was investigated both in vivo and in vitro. All strains tested induced abscesses containing fluid pus in a mouse skin model, and lesions caused by monocultures of the rough morphotype strains of P. micros were statistically significantly larger than those induced by the smooth morphotype strains. Inocula containing both morphotypes produced similar sized abscesses compared to mono-inocula containing the same bacterial load. Both Prevotella species induced small abscesses when inoculated alone, and when Pr. nigrescens was inoculated with one of the other strains, the abscesses were not significantly different from the abscesses induced by the mono-infections of this strain. Synergy, in terms of higher numbers of colony forming units (cfu) in the mixed inocula, was found for all combinations of the rough morphotypes of P. micros and both Prevotella spp. Pus from abscesses caused by combinations of Peptostreptococcus and Prevotella spp. transmitted the infection to other mice, but no abscesses were formed in mice inoculated with pus induced by mono-inocula. These results demonstrated synergic activity between both rough and smooth P. micros strains and oral Prevotella strains. The in-vitro co-culture experiments produced no evidence of growth stimulation. The effect of P. micros strains on the immune system was investigated by testing their ability to initiate luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in the presence and absence of human serum. In the latter, the rough morphotype strains initiated higher counts than the smooth morphotype strains. Further work is needed to elucidate the difference in virulence between the smooth and the rough morphotype cells of P. micros and the nature of the interaction with the Prevotella spp.
Topics: Abscess; Animals; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Disease Models, Animal; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Luminescent Measurements; Mice; Neutrophils; Peptostreptococcus; Prevotella; Prevotella intermedia; Skin Diseases, Bacterial
PubMed: 9879956
DOI: 10.1099/00222615-47-2-135 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Dec 2000In two patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis due to Peptostreptococcus magnus, blood cultures in the BacT/Alert and BACTEC 9240 systems were signal negative. The...
In two patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis due to Peptostreptococcus magnus, blood cultures in the BacT/Alert and BACTEC 9240 systems were signal negative. The capability of the BacT/Alert system to detect various Peptostreptococcus species was assessed. P. magnus and P. anaerobius could not be detected, and subcultures remained negative. The growth in conventional media of these two species and other Peptostreptococcus species was similar.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacteremia; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; Humans; Male; Peptostreptococcus
PubMed: 11101611
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.38.12.4640-4642.2000