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The Veterinary Clinics of North... Mar 1992This article discusses the cause and pathophysiology of peracute and acute mastitis. The pharmaceutic and pharmacologic properties of potential therapeutic agents, the... (Review)
Review
This article discusses the cause and pathophysiology of peracute and acute mastitis. The pharmaceutic and pharmacologic properties of potential therapeutic agents, the interaction between the cow and the drug, and some practical aspects of using these drugs are reviewed.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cattle; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Female; Mastitis, Bovine; Steroids
PubMed: 1555113
DOI: 10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30757-x -
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases May 2018Porcine pleuropneumonia, caused by the bacterial porcine respiratory tract pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, leads to high economic losses in affected swine... (Review)
Review
Porcine pleuropneumonia, caused by the bacterial porcine respiratory tract pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, leads to high economic losses in affected swine herds in most countries of the world. Pigs affected by peracute and acute disease suffer from severe respiratory distress with high lethality. The agent was first described in 1957 and, since then, knowledge about the pathogen itself, and its interactions with the host, has increased continuously. This is, in part, due to the fact that experimental infections can be studied in the natural host. However, the fact that most commercial pigs are colonized by this pathogen has hampered the applicability of knowledge gained under experimental conditions. In addition, several factors are involved in development of disease, and these have often been studied individually. In a DISCONTOOLS initiative, members from science, industry and clinics exchanged their expertise and empirical observations and identified the major gaps in knowledge. This review sums up published results and expert opinions, within the fields of pathogenesis, epidemiology, transmission, immune response to infection, as well as the main means of prevention, detection and control. The gaps that still remain to be filled are highlighted, and present as well as future challenges in the control of this disease are addressed.
Topics: Actinobacillus Infections; Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; Animals; Communicable Disease Control; Pleuropneumonia; Swine; Swine Diseases; Zoonoses
PubMed: 29083117
DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12739 -
Therapeutische Umschau. Revue... Apr 2022Peracute Diseases of the Esophagus - Bleeding from Esophageal Varices, Esophageal Varices Due to a permanently increased portal venous pressure - usually due to...
Peracute Diseases of the Esophagus - Bleeding from Esophageal Varices, Esophageal Varices Due to a permanently increased portal venous pressure - usually due to infectious or ethyltoxic liver cirrhosis - varices can form in the lower esophagus due to expansion of the submucosal venous plexus. Acute bleeding from the esophageal varices is a life-threatening situation. In therapy, a distinction is made between primary prophylaxis of bleeding, control of acute bleeding and prevention of recurrent bleeding. In addition to non-selective betablockers, the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), which is introduced radiologically, plays a decisive role today, especially in the prophylaxis of recurrent bleeding. Apart from special indications, surgical shunt procedures are only of historical value. In liver cirrhosis patients, liver transplantation represents a causal treatment and lasting cure for esophageal varices.
Topics: Esophageal and Gastric Varices; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Hypertension, Portal; Liver Cirrhosis; Varicose Veins
PubMed: 35440199
DOI: 10.1024/0040-5930/a001351 -
Mycoses 1995Immunocompromised and granulocytopenic patients and those receiving long-term or high-dose corticoid treatment are predisposed to disseminating Aspergillus infections.... (Review)
Review
Immunocompromised and granulocytopenic patients and those receiving long-term or high-dose corticoid treatment are predisposed to disseminating Aspergillus infections. However, Aspergillus infection has been described only rarely in patients with autoimmune diseases. We report on a woman suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus treated by antibiotics and high-dose corticosteroids, a primary risk factor, who developed a peracute disseminated fatal Aspergillus fumigatus infection involving the central nervous system. The present case is compared with 10 previous reports of invasive aspergillosis in systemic lupus erythematosus found by a literature search.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aspergillosis; Aspergillus fumigatus; Fatal Outcome; Female; Fungemia; Heart; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Risk Factors
PubMed: 8720197
DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1995.tb00021.x -
ANZ Journal of Surgery Oct 2010
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Adolescent; Embolism, Fat; Humans; Male; Tibial Fractures
PubMed: 21040343
DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2010.05468.x -
Veterinary Sciences Aug 2023Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19) initiated a global pandemic that thus far has resulted in the death of over 6.5 million people internationally....
Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19) initiated a global pandemic that thus far has resulted in the death of over 6.5 million people internationally. Understanding the viral tropism during the initial, subclinical phase of infection is critical to develop targeted vaccines and therapeutics. With the continued emergence of variants of concern, particularly those that appear to have a tropism for the upper respiratory tract, understanding the complete pathogenesis is critical to develop more effective interventions. Thus far, the Syrian hamster has served as the most consistent small animal model of SARS-CoV-2 infection for mild to moderate respiratory disease. Herein, we utilize histopathology and immunohistochemistry to characterize the peracute phase of disease initiating at 6-h-post-inoculation in the intranasal inoculation route Syrian hamster model. Inflammation and viral replication initiates in the respiratory epithelium of nasal turbinates as early as 12-h-post-inoculation and moves caudally through the nasal cavity by 36-h-post inoculation. Lower respiratory involvement can be detected as early as 12-h-post inoculation in the intranasal inoculated hamster model. These data highlight the importance of rostral nasal cavity sampling at early timepoints for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the Syrian hamster model.
PubMed: 37756057
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090536 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2015This review discusses terminology, pathological, clinical, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, treatment, outcome, and prognostic factors of... (Review)
Review
This review discusses terminology, pathological, clinical, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, treatment, outcome, and prognostic factors of fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy (FCEM), acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion (ANNPE), and intradural/intramedullary intervertebral disk extrusion (IIVDE). FCEM, ANNPE, and IIVDE have a similar clinical presentation characterized by peracute onset of neurological dysfunction that is generally non-progressive after the initial 24-48 h. Differentiating between these conditions can be challenging, however, certain clinical and imaging findings can help. FCEM can occur in both adult and immature animals, whereas ANNPE or IIVDE have been reported only in animals older than 1 year. In dogs, ANNPE and IIVDE most commonly occur in the intervertebral disk spaces between T12 and L2, whereas FCEM has not such site predilection. In cats, FCEM occurs more frequently in the cervical spinal cord than in other locations. Data on cats with ANNPE and IIVDE are limited. Optimal MRI definition and experience in neuroimaging can help identify the findings that allow differentiation between FCEM, ANNPE, and IIVDE. In animals with ANNPE and IIVDE, the affected intervertebral disk space is often narrowed and the focal area of intramedullary hyperintensity on T2-weighted images is located above the affected intervertebral disk space. In dogs with ANNPE signal changes associated with the extruded nucleus pulposus and epidural fat disruption can be identified in the epidural space dorsal to the affected intervertebral disk. Identification of a linear tract (predominantly hyperintense on T2-weighted images, iso to hypointense on T1-weighted images and hypointense on T2*-weighted gradient recall echo images) extending from the intervertebral disk into the spinal cord parenchyma is highly suggestive of IIVDE. Treatment of FCEM and ANNPE is conservative. Dogs reported with IIVDE have been managed either conservatively or surgically. Prognostic factors include degree of neurological dysfunction (particularly loss of nociception) and disease-specific MRI variables.
PubMed: 26664953
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2015.00024 -
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and... Jan 2024We performed a comparative analysis of the effect of α-adrenoreceptor stimulation on the performance of Langendorff-isolated heart from rats with experimental...
We performed a comparative analysis of the effect of α-adrenoreceptor stimulation on the performance of Langendorff-isolated heart from rats with experimental myocardial infarction in the acute stage and sham-operated animals (control). In animals with peracute myocardial infarction, different agonist concentrations (clonidine, 10 and 10 M) produced a multidirectional effect on the left-ventricular developed pressure and speed and time parameters of heart contractility. In control rats, both concentrations of the agonist added to the perfused solution reduced contraction force. Clonidine in a concentration of 10 M reduced HR in both groups and in a concentration of 10 M, it decreased HR in control rats and caused multidirectional changes in rats with myocardial infarction. The coronary flow decreased in all series of experiments.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Clonidine; Heart; Myocardial Infarction; Heart Rate; Myocardial Contraction
PubMed: 38342805
DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-06015-0 -
Australian Veterinary Journal Nov 2003
Review
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Phalaris; Plant Poisoning; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Syndrome
PubMed: 15086113
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2003.tb12545.x -
Praxis Nov 2009Ischemic stroke is a very frequent neurological disorder. It's incidence is increasing as western societies are aging. Effective therapies that reduce mortality and... (Review)
Review
Ischemic stroke is a very frequent neurological disorder. It's incidence is increasing as western societies are aging. Effective therapies that reduce mortality and increase the chances of living symptom-free or, at least, in independence are available. Intravenous or intraarterial thrombolysis is an effective treatment with a number needed to treat of 6 if given within 4.5 hours after symptom onset. The safe use of thrombolysis requires an effective and repeatedly trained workflow established within a team of a neurologist and specialized nursing staff in an optimized environment (admission, imaging facility, laboratory, stroke unit). After peracute treatment, the patient should be transferred to a stroke unit. This unit is a spatially defined intermediate care unit with specifically trained personnel (physicians, nurses, therapists). Treating the patient in a stroke unit is as effective in improving outcome as thrombolysis and also reduces the length of hospital stay. In contrast to thrombolysis, which can be provided, on average, to only 5% of stroke patients, stroke unit care is applicable to most. The organization of medical care in most European countries and in Switzerland separate the acute phase from subacute rehabilitation and chronic stroke treatment. This can be highly confusing for the patient who, during the course of the disease, meets different physicians, nurses and therapists with often diverging opinions about prognosis and therapies. Consistent treatment approaches and patient/caregiver information is necessary and can only be implemented by providing a homogeneous pathway for continuous stroke care.
Topics: Aftercare; Angiography, Digital Subtraction; Animals; Cerebral Angiography; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Cerebral Infarction; Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; Combined Modality Therapy; Factor VIIa; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Intensive Care Units; Neuroprotective Agents; Physical Therapy Modalities; Prognosis; Recombinant Proteins; Thrombolytic Therapy; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 20029781
DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157.98.22.1285