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Vnitrni Lekarstvi 2019The article summarizes the known facts regarding the selection of antibiotics for the treatment of sepsis and similar serious infections, their mechanism of action,...
The article summarizes the known facts regarding the selection of antibiotics for the treatment of sepsis and similar serious infections, their mechanism of action, dosage and mode of administration. Particular attention is paid to early antibiotic therapy: a delay of several hours in the onset of antibiotic therapy can be tolerated if it helps to clarify the aethiology and to refine the treatment. However, in case of the very acute infections it is necessary to start antibiotic treatment immediately; diagnostic procedures are mentioned that can be used for the selection of the appropriate drug.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Humans; Sepsis
PubMed: 31088097
DOI: No ID Found -
Neuroscience Oct 2013Recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is the mainstay of acute stroke treatment and the only approved medical therapy so far. Because of its fibrinolytic...
Recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is the mainstay of acute stroke treatment and the only approved medical therapy so far. Because of its fibrinolytic action, it is presumed to aggravate intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Since clinical features do not discriminate between ischemic stroke and ICH, brain imaging is strictly required before the initiation of thrombolysis. A recent study has shown that rt-PA does not worsen (primary) ICH in two different experimental mouse models. Here, we further explored this surprising finding and examined hematoma expansion and long-term outcome after rt-PA treatment in a murine model of ICH. We induced ICH by collagenase injection into the right basal ganglia of C57BL/6 mice. At 30 min, 90 min or 4h after ICH induction, respectively, mice were treated with vehicle or 10mg/kg rt-PA. In parallel, we administered the vascular tracer Evans Blue (EB) and sacrificed the mice 2h after injection to assess EB extravasation as a marker of ongoing bleeding and rt-PA induced rebleeding. Additionally, we observed mice which were treated with vehicle or rt-PA 30 min after ICH induction for 72 h and quantified functional outcome and hematoma volume. EB extravasation was highest in the groups that were treated after 30 min and decreased thereafter according to a cessation of active bleeding. At all three time points covering the early phase of ICH, treatment with rt-PA did not increase EB extravasation. In the 72 h observation, there was also no difference in functional outcome and hematoma volume. In our experimental study, we were not able to demonstrate that peracute rt-PA treatment in (primary) ICH has detrimental effects on hematoma expansion, hematoma volume or functional outcome. This finding needs careful consideration in future translational studies.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Collagenases; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Evans Blue; Fibrinolytic Agents; Fluorescent Dyes; Hematoma; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nervous System Diseases; Recombinant Proteins; Tissue Plasminogen Activator; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 23856067
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.003 -
Verhandlungen Der Deutschen... 1996
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspergillosis; Autopsy; Fatal Outcome; Female; Fungemia; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Polymyalgia Rheumatica
PubMed: 9065047
DOI: No ID Found -
Research in Veterinary Science Sep 1985The transmission of capripoxvirus to sheep, using an aerosol suspension of a Yemen isolate of the virus, was demonstrated. Capripoxvirus was also transmitted by contact...
The transmission of capripoxvirus to sheep, using an aerosol suspension of a Yemen isolate of the virus, was demonstrated. Capripoxvirus was also transmitted by contact to sheep and goats kept with animals infected with virus isolates from the Yemen, Sudan, India and Nigeria. The incubation period for capripoxvirus infection in sheep and goats was approximately eight to 12 days. Animals that had well developed clinical signs transmitted capripoxvirus more rapidly than animals which died of peracute disease or animals that had only mild clinical signs.
Topics: Aerosols; Animals; Goats; Poxviridae; Poxviridae Infections; Sheep; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 2999929
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Animal Science Jan 1998Sudden deaths or the sudden death syndrome are perceived as major concerns in cattle feedlots because most of these deaths occur in cattle near market weight. Etiology... (Review)
Review
Sudden deaths or the sudden death syndrome are perceived as major concerns in cattle feedlots because most of these deaths occur in cattle near market weight. Etiology and preventive measures are poorly defined. The current literature indicates that sudden deaths are associated most commonly with digestive upsets. Death is thought to be the result of interactions between factors including acidosis, bloat, and endotoxemia. Trauma, peracute interstitial pneumonia, and other identifiable events are specifically defined but relatively uncommon. Enterotoxemia is of questionable significance as a cause of sudden deaths.
Topics: Acidosis; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Death, Sudden; Endotoxemia; Enterotoxemia; Liver Abscess; Lung Diseases, Interstitial
PubMed: 9464913
DOI: 10.2527/1998.761315x -
The Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary... Sep 1987Heartwater is a frequently fatal tick-borne disease of ruminants caused by Cowdria ruminantium. In domestic ruminants the incubation period varies considerably and... (Review)
Review
Heartwater is a frequently fatal tick-borne disease of ruminants caused by Cowdria ruminantium. In domestic ruminants the incubation period varies considerably and depends on the route of infection, virulence of the isolate and amount of infective material administered. Adult cattle of all breeds appear to be equally susceptible to heartwater. It is generally accepted that calves up to the age of 3 weeks have a high degree of natural resistance which is not related to the immune status of the dam. Nervous symptoms are frequently seen in animals affected by the peracute and acute forms of heartwater and can easily be confused with similar signs caused by infectious conditions, toxic plants, acaricide and heavy metal poisonings.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Diagnosis, Differential; Goats; Heartwater Disease; Sheep; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 3329315
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Comparative Pathology Nov 2022Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) entrapment in fishing gear is well documented, consisting of two forms: peracute underwater entrapment and chronic entanglement. We now...
Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) entrapment in fishing gear is well documented, consisting of two forms: peracute underwater entrapment and chronic entanglement. We now highlight a previously undescribed sequela to chronic entanglement in a female grey seal estimated to be at least 2 years of age. The animal was first observed in September 2018 on the coast of north Cornwall, southwest England, with a large encircling neck wound consistent with monofilament net entanglement. In April 2021, it was admitted for attempted rehabilitation but had to be euthanized after 9 days due to clinical deterioration despite treatment. At post-mortem examination, the seal was in poor nutritional state, the nose to flipper length was low for its estimated age and the liver was markedly enlarged, pale and friable in texture with evidence of recent and previous hepatic haemorrhage. Histopathology revealed hepatic amyloidosis and evidence of amyloid in one kidney and one adrenal gland. Proteomic analysis of microdissected amyloid from the liver indicated type AA amyloid. Chronic entanglement is the most plausible cause of AA amyloidosis in this animal, indicating that amyloidosis should be considered as a pathological sequela and welfare concern associated with chronic entanglement of grey seals.
Topics: Animals; Female; Amyloidosis; Autopsy; Proteomics; Seals, Earless; Liver Diseases
PubMed: 36244232
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2022.09.003 -
Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift... Jan 1989Severe anal bleeding together with increasing abdominal discomfort occurred in an 81-year-old woman previously hospitalized numerous times because of decompensated type...
Severe anal bleeding together with increasing abdominal discomfort occurred in an 81-year-old woman previously hospitalized numerous times because of decompensated type II B diabetes. A suspected rectal cancer was excluded by biopsy from the lower to middle rectum, but the biopsy revealed histologically indurated and bleeding ulcerations. Typical nuclear inclusion bodies provided the diagnosis of virus-associated proctocolitis. Serological tests supported the diagnosis of infection with herpes simplex and cytomegalic virus. Laser coagulation stopped the bleeding. At the same time a Guillain-Barré syndrome was noted which improved after administration of cortisone and high parenteral doses of acyclovir.
Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Colitis; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Rectal Diseases; Rectum; Ulcer
PubMed: 2535984
DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1066552 -
Praxis Mar 2000Peracute obstructive dyspnea with imminent asphyctic death is a dramatic emergency. It is characterized by easily audible inspiratory stridor caused by severe stenosis....
Peracute obstructive dyspnea with imminent asphyctic death is a dramatic emergency. It is characterized by easily audible inspiratory stridor caused by severe stenosis. Several causes in the pharynx and larynx may be responsible. Pharmacotherapy is hardly effective, an intubation extremely difficult in extremis. In contrast emergency coniotomy offers a real chance to reopen the airways even to the surgically inexperienced. The technique for this intervention is described.
Topics: Airway Obstruction; Asphyxia; Diagnosis, Differential; Emergencies; First Aid; Humans; Tracheostomy
PubMed: 10815464
DOI: No ID Found -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jun 2022Acute noncompressive nucleus pulposus extrusion (ANNPE) is related to contusive spinal cord injuries, and dogs usually appear to be exercising vigorously at the time of...
Acute noncompressive nucleus pulposus extrusion (ANNPE) is related to contusive spinal cord injuries, and dogs usually appear to be exercising vigorously at the time of onset. ANNPE has a characteristic peracute onset of clinical signs during exercise or following trauma, with non-progressive signs during the first 24 h and possibly signs of spinal shock. The main aim was to assess if the presence of spinal shock affects the neurorehabilitation outcomes of ANNPE dogs. This prospective controlled cohort clinical study was conducted at the Arrábida Rehabilitation Center. All of the dogs had T3−L3 injuries and were paraplegic/monoplegic with/without nociception, the study group (n = 14) included dogs with ANNPE spinal shock dogs, and the control group (n = 19) included ANNPE dogs without spinal shock. The study group was also evaluated using a new scale—the Spinal Shock Scale (SSS)—and both groups were under the same intensive neurorehabilitation protocol. Spinal shock was a negative factor for a successful outcome within less time. SSS scores > 4 required additional hospitalization days. The protocol was safe, tolerable, and feasible and accomplished 32% ambulation within 7 days, 29% in 14 days, and 29% in 30 days. The results were better than those obtained in previous studies—94% at 60 days—and 75% of the dogs without nociception recovered ambulation. Long-term follows-ups carried out 4 years later revealed a positive evolution.
PubMed: 35739893
DOI: 10.3390/ani12121557