-
Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research... Jan 1990The effect of experimental, peracute, porcine pleuropneumonia on arterial blood gases, acid base status, the leukogram, and gross and microscopic lung structure was...
The effect of experimental, peracute, porcine pleuropneumonia on arterial blood gases, acid base status, the leukogram, and gross and microscopic lung structure was studied in nine growing pigs (mean weight +/- SD 10.6 +/- 2.0 kg). Pigs were inoculated intranasally with a virulent serotype 5 isolate of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, and all showed signs typical of the disease within four hours. Death occurred in all pigs from 4.5 to 32 hours postinoculation (mean 14 hours). Gross and microscopic changes were typical of porcine pleuropneumonia in all pigs. Changes in the leukogram included a rapid decline in total white cells, segmented neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils. Pigs maintained alveolar ventilation throughout the study as arterial CO2 tension was unchanged; however, arterial O2 tension and pH decreased from (mean +/- SD) 95.2 +/- 5.7 torr and 7.463 +/- 0.018 at baseline to 62.1 +/- 12.3 torr and 7.388 +/- 0.045, respectively, within 90 minutes prior to death. The data showed that in this model of peracute porcine pleuropneumonia, progressive ventilatory failure was not a feature of the disease, and the blood gas values and acid base status were maintained within physiological ranges. The histopathological hematological and physiological findings were consistent with the hypothesis that peracute porcine pleuropneumonia resembles septic shock.
Topics: Actinobacillus Infections; Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Carbon Dioxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Leukocyte Count; Oxygen; Pleuropneumonia; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 2106382
DOI: No ID Found -
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Jan 2020African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating disease of pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), which is considered to be the No. 1 killer to the global pig... (Review)
Review
African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating disease of pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), which is considered to be the No. 1 killer to the global pig industry. Highly virulent strains are usually responsible for the peracute and acute forms that provoke high mortality rates that may reach 100%. Since ASF was first introduced in August 2018 into China, 137 outbreaks in domestic and wild pigs had been reported from 32 provinces by June 06, 2019, causing severe socioeconomic consequences. Efforts to develop an ASFV vaccine began in the 1960s, but all failed, the major reason is the lack of in-depth research on the biological characteristics of ASFV. It will be a great challenge for China to control the spread of current ASF, develop safe and effective vaccines. In this review, we outline the biological characteristics of ASFV, including its morphology and basic structure, transmission routes, pathogenicity, genome and proteins, entry mechanism, immune escape, and analyzed the difficulties in vaccine development. We hope to provide basic information for the control of current ASF and understanding of etiology in China.
Topics: African Swine Fever; African Swine Fever Virus; Animals; China; Swine; Viral Vaccines; Virulence
PubMed: 32072777
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.190144 -
Der Nervenarzt Oct 1988The records of 15 patients with cortisone psychoses were studied retrospectively. We observed two types of these substance-induced mental disorders: 1. rapidly...
The records of 15 patients with cortisone psychoses were studied retrospectively. We observed two types of these substance-induced mental disorders: 1. rapidly reversible organic psychoses with peracute onset and 2. cortisone-induced schizophrenic psychoses with prolonged remission and typical follow-up. Depressive moods, dysthymia, anxiety, psychomotor agitation or euphoric symptoms are features occurring in initial states or mild forms of transit syndromes. More severe forms of cortisone induced transit syndromes are dominated by delusions and hallucinations, whereas most severe transit syndromes are characterized by reversible dementia. Females were affected more frequent than males. 40% of our patients developed steroid psychoses after treatment with a daily dose of 5-20 mg prednisolone or its equivalent. Neither dosage nor duration of treatment influenced severity, onset or duration of this mental disorders. Neuroleptic treatment and dose reduction led in 87% of patients to remission within four weeks.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cortisone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Hallucinations; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Paranoid Disorders; Prednisolone; Psychoses, Substance-Induced
PubMed: 3237266
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Nov 2011This study was conducted to evaluate the changes in acute-phase proteins and cytokine concentrations in dairy cows with naturally occurring peracute Klebsiella...
Changes in acute-phase proteins and cytokines in serum and milk whey from dairy cows with naturally occurring peracute mastitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and the relationship to clinical outcome.
This study was conducted to evaluate the changes in acute-phase proteins and cytokine concentrations in dairy cows with naturally occurring peracute Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) mastitis and their association with the outcome of the disease. Seventeen Holstein cows with K. pneumoniae mastitis from 8 dairy farms were divided on the basis of outcome after local and systemic therapy into 2 groups comprising 8 euthanized cows and 9 that recovered. Changes in acute-phase proteins and cytokine concentrations in cows with K. pneumoniae mastitis were evaluated at the onset of the disease (day 0) and at days 3, 7 and 14 after therapy and compared with those of 13 healthy dairy cows. The concentrations of haptoglobin (Hp) and interleukin (IL)-6 in serum and α(1)-acid glycoprotein and IL-1β in serum and whey on day 0 were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the euthanized cows than in those that recovered and the healthy cows. A correlation (r=0.90, P<0.01, n=17) was found between IL-6 and Hp concentrations in sera from recovered and euthanized cows at day 0. This indicated that serum concentrations of Hp and IL-6 at the initial examination were prognostic factors for survival, and the cutoff values were 2,020 µg/ml and 32 ng/ml, respectively. These results suggest that IL-6 and Hp concentrations are involved in the manifestation of K. pneumoniae mastitis and may be possible indicators of the prognosis of peracute K. pneumoniae mastitis.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Cattle; Cefazolin; Female; Haptoglobins; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Kanamycin; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Mastitis, Bovine; Milk; Orosomucoid; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 21712644
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0403 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2020African Swine Fever (ASF) is a viral disease that affects animals of the family, and soft ticks from the genus can also be infected by the ASF virus (ASFV). The... (Review)
Review
African Swine Fever (ASF) is a viral disease that affects animals of the family, and soft ticks from the genus can also be infected by the ASF virus (ASFV). The disease was first described in Africa at the beginning of the twentieth century as an acute disease characterized by high mortality and fatal hemorrhages. ASF has caused outbreaks in numerous countries and it continues to be devastating nowadays for the porcine sector in those countries affected, and a massive threat for those free of the disease. ASF can follow clinical courses from peracute to chronic in domestic pigs () depending on a variety of factors, including the immune status of the animals and the virulence of the ASFV strain. The key features of the pathogenesis of the disease in domestic swine are a) a severe lymphoid depletion including lymphopenia and a state of immunodeficiency, and b) hemorrhages. However, African wild swine like bushpigs (), red river hogs (), and warthogs () can be infected by ASFV showing no clinical signs of disease and acting as natural reservoir hosts. In this article we review the key features of the gross and microscopic pathology together with a description of the pathogenesis of ASFV infection in domestic pigs following the different clinical courses. The pathogenesis of ASF in wild and domestic swine is also described, what can provide important information for the design of control strategies, such as vaccines.
PubMed: 32509811
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00282 -
Helvetica Medica Acta Dec 1955
Topics: Bacteremia; Female; Humans; Meningococcal Infections; Sepsis; Siblings
PubMed: 13306086
DOI: No ID Found -
Schweizer Archiv Fur Tierheilkunde Jun 2009
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cause of Death; Female; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 19496050
DOI: 10.1024/0036-7281.151.6.291 -
Neurochirurgia Mar 1993Out of a series of 252 patients who underwent aneurysm surgery, 19 (7.5%) were operated on in a "peracute stage" in the poor grades Hunt & Hess IV (n = 11), IV-V (n =...
Out of a series of 252 patients who underwent aneurysm surgery, 19 (7.5%) were operated on in a "peracute stage" in the poor grades Hunt & Hess IV (n = 11), IV-V (n = 2), and V (n = 6). All patients suffered from large aneurysmal intracerebral hematomas which were evacuated after decompressive craniotomies, all aneurysms (ACA: n = 1, ACoA: n = 4, MCA: n = 12, ICA: n = 2) could be clipped. 4 patients died within the first 3 postoperative days, 6 patients reached a poor result remaining in an apallic syndrome or a state of high invalidity, 8 obtained a fair result with personal autonomity, and 1 patient recovered completely. Although this kind of aneurysm bleeding is combined with high mortality and morbidity, we nevertheless emphasize its surgical treatment as soon as possible because of the lack of other efficient therapeutical procedures.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aneurysm, Ruptured; Cerebral Angiography; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hematoma; Hematoma, Subdural; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Survival Rate; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 8483508
DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1053793 -
Journal of Clinical Neuroscience :... Apr 1998The neurotoxic effect of the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter glutamate was first demonstrated 20 years ago, but the recent development of potent glutamate...
The neurotoxic effect of the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter glutamate was first demonstrated 20 years ago, but the recent development of potent glutamate antagonist drugs with effects against ischaemic damage in vivo and their introduction in clinical studies has made 'excitotoxicity' a major focus of current interest. Despite this, the factors influencing glutamate neurotoxicity in vivo are poorly understood, and the role of glutamate as a neurotoxin in vivo is contested. By using a microdialysis probe to deliver glutamate to the normal rat cortex, we have devised a reproducible model of peracute 'excitotoxic' damage. We have demonstrated that concentrations of over 20 mM glutamate in the perfusate kill neurons in the intact brain in less than 90 min -20 to 200 times more than that required for toxicity in mixed cell culture. The histological and ultrastructural features of the glutamate lesion are very similar to those of acute ischaemia, although their development is much more rapid after glutamate. True extracellular glutamate concentrations estimated from microdialysis studies (about 4 mM) are not far from our results. The reproducible quantifiable nature of the glutamate lesions in this model make it well suited to study the factors affecting the excitotoxic process in vivo.
PubMed: 18639011
DOI: 10.1016/s0967-5868(98)90037-6 -
A review on classical swine fever infections in pigs: epizootiology, clinical disease and pathology.Comparative Immunology, Microbiology... Jul 1992A review is given on classical swine fever (CSF) including epizootiology, clinical disease and pathology. Under the item of epizootiology the history of CSF is briefly... (Review)
Review
A review is given on classical swine fever (CSF) including epizootiology, clinical disease and pathology. Under the item of epizootiology the history of CSF is briefly summarized. Ways of transmission are described with special reference to CSF in wild boars. The chapter about clinical disease includes the description of different courses of CSF such as peracute, acute, subacute form and chronic disease with reference to the course of transplacental infection and fate of the progeny associated with the "carrier sow syndrome". The most typical lesions in CSF are summarized in the chapter of pathology.
Topics: Animals; Classical Swine Fever; Classical Swine Fever Virus; Swine; Zoonoses
PubMed: 1516362
DOI: 10.1016/0147-9571(92)90093-7