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Radiographics : a Review Publication of... 2019
Review
Topics: Coxsackievirus Infections; Enterovirus B, Human; Female; Heart; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Pericarditis; Pericardium
PubMed: 31697617
DOI: 10.1148/rg.2019190081 -
Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 2017Pericardial heart disease includes pericarditis, (an acute, subacute, or chronic fibrinous, noneffusive, or exudative process), and its complications, constriction, (an... (Review)
Review
Pericardial heart disease includes pericarditis, (an acute, subacute, or chronic fibrinous, noneffusive, or exudative process), and its complications, constriction, (an acute, subacute, or chronic adhesive or fibrocalcific response), and cardiac tamponade. The pathophysiology of cardiac tamponade and constrictive pericarditis readily explains their respective findings on clinical examination, Doppler echocardiography, and at cardiac catheterization. The primary abnormality of cardiac tamponade is pan-cyclic compression of the cardiac chambers by increased pericardial fluid requiring that cardiac chambers compete for a fixed intrapericardial volume. Features responsible for the pathophysiology include transmission of thoracic pressure through the pericardium and heightened ventricular interdependence. Constrictive pericarditis is a condition in which the pericardium limits diastolic filling and causes dissociation of intracardiac and intrathoracic pressures, and heightened ventricular interdependence. Both conditions result in diastolic dysfunction, elevated and equal venous and ventricular diastolic pressure, respiratory variation in ventricular filling, and ultimately, reduced cardiac output.
Topics: Cardiac Catheterization; Cardiac Tamponade; Echocardiography, Doppler; Heart Function Tests; Humans; Pericarditis, Constrictive; Pericardium
PubMed: 27916673
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2016.11.001 -
Cardiology Clinics Nov 2017The pericardium consists of a visceral mesothelial monolayer (epicardium) that reflects over the great vessels and joins an outer, relatively inelastic fibrous parietal... (Review)
Review
The pericardium consists of a visceral mesothelial monolayer (epicardium) that reflects over the great vessels and joins an outer, relatively inelastic fibrous parietal layer of organized collagen and elastin fibers, between which is a potential space that normally contains up to 50 mL of plasma filtrate. Although not essential for life, the pericardium serves important albeit subtle functions in the euvolemic healthy individual that become increasingly important in hypervolemic states and conditions in which the heart enlarges acutely. The pericardial functions can be divided into the mechanical, reflex, membranous, metabolic, ligamentous.
Topics: Elastin; Epithelium; Hemodynamics; Humans; Pericardium; Prostaglandins I; Ventricular Function
PubMed: 29025540
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2017.07.002 -
Folia Histochemica Et Cytobiologica 2016Normal pericardium consists of an outer sac called fibrous pericardium and an inner one called serous pericardium. The two layers of serous pericardium: visceral and... (Review)
Review
Normal pericardium consists of an outer sac called fibrous pericardium and an inner one called serous pericardium. The two layers of serous pericardium: visceral and parietal are separated by the pericardial cavity, which contains 20 to 60 mL of the plasma ultrafiltrate. The pericardium acts as mechanical protection for the heart and big vessels, and a lubrication to reduce friction between the heart and the surrounding structures. A very important role in all aspects of pericardial functions is played by mesothelial cells. The mesothelial cells form a monolayer lining the serosal cavity and play an important role in antigen presentation, inflammation and tissue repair, coagulation and fibrinolysis. The two major types of mesothelial cells, flat or cuboid, differ substantially in their ultrastructure and, probably, functions. The latter display abundant microvilli, RER, Golgi dense bodies, membrane-bound vesicles and intracellular vacuoles containing electron-dense material described as dense bodies. The normal structure and functions of the pericardium determine correct healing after its injury as a result of surgery or microbial infection. The unfavorable resolution of acute or chronic pericarditis leads to the formation of adhesions between pericardial leaflets which may lead to serious complications.
Topics: Animals; Heart; Humans; Pericardium
PubMed: 27654013
DOI: 10.5603/FHC.a2016.0014 -
Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 2017The normal gross anatomy and light microscopy of the human pericardium are presented in detail that allows easy correlation with current cardiac imaging modalities. The... (Review)
Review
The normal gross anatomy and light microscopy of the human pericardium are presented in detail that allows easy correlation with current cardiac imaging modalities. The anatomical structures of the parietal pericardium are shown from its mediastinal surface, including its ligaments to the sternum, diaphragm and vertebral column. The attachments of the parietal pericardium to the great vessels showing the intrapericardial location of the root of the aorta and pulmonary artery are documented. Also the attachments of the parietal pericardium to the venae cavae and the pulmonary veins are illustrated in detail. The internal anatomy of the parietal pericardium emphasizing the oblique and transverse sinuses is explained. The microscopic differences between the structures of the parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium (epicardium) are shown as the basis that allows understanding the spectrum of adaptation of the pericardium to diverse pathologic processes. However, the pathology of the pericardium is not discussed in this review.
Topics: Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular; Histological Techniques; Humans; Pericardium
PubMed: 28062264
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2016.12.010 -
The American Journal of Cardiology Nov 1970
Review
Topics: Amphibians; Animals; Atrial Function; Blood Pressure; Cattle; Dogs; Elasticity; Fishes; Haplorhini; Horses; Humans; Mammals; Organ Size; Pericardial Effusion; Pericardium; Pressure; Rabbits; Sheep; Swine; Ventricular Function
PubMed: 4991283
DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(70)90702-2 -
Nature Reviews. Cardiology Sep 2022Interest in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is growing rapidly, and research in this area appeals to a broad, multidisciplinary audience. EAT is unique in its anatomy... (Review)
Review
Interest in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is growing rapidly, and research in this area appeals to a broad, multidisciplinary audience. EAT is unique in its anatomy and unobstructed proximity to the heart and has a transcriptome and secretome very different from that of other fat depots. EAT has physiological and pathological properties that vary depending on its location. It can be highly protective for the adjacent myocardium through dynamic brown fat-like thermogenic function and harmful via paracrine or vasocrine secretion of pro-inflammatory and profibrotic cytokines. EAT is a modifiable risk factor that can be assessed with traditional and novel imaging techniques. Coronary and left atrial EAT are involved in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation, respectively, and it also contributes to the development and progression of heart failure. In addition, EAT might have a role in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related cardiac syndrome. EAT is a reliable potential therapeutic target for drugs with cardiovascular benefits such as glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. This Review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the role of EAT in cardiovascular disease and highlights the translational nature of EAT research and its applications in contemporary cardiology.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Atrial Fibrillation; COVID-19; Cardiology; Humans; Pericardium
PubMed: 35296869
DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00679-9 -
Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) Jan 2019A number of masses and pseudomasses may be encountered during the echocardiographic examination of the transverse and oblique sinuses with significant clinical... (Review)
Review
A number of masses and pseudomasses may be encountered during the echocardiographic examination of the transverse and oblique sinuses with significant clinical implications. This review discusses the clinically relevant anatomy of the pericardial sinuses emphasizing diagnostic pitfalls that may be encountered during their echocardiographic examination.
Topics: Echocardiography; Humans; Pericardium
PubMed: 30506589
DOI: 10.1111/echo.14211 -
The International Journal of... Feb 2002Although much have been published regarding congenital absence of pericardium, it is essential that this anomaly, like an old friend, be revisited from time to time.... (Review)
Review
Although much have been published regarding congenital absence of pericardium, it is essential that this anomaly, like an old friend, be revisited from time to time. Review of this anomaly with emphasis on its embryological process is discussed. Furthermore, with the advances in magnetic resonance imaging, absence of pericardium can now be diagnosed with ease and the radiological findings of this condition are reviewed as well.
Topics: Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pericardium
PubMed: 12135126
DOI: 10.1023/a:1014350814067 -
Artificial Organs Mar 2009Almost 30 years after the introduction of heart valve prostheses patients worldwide are benefiting from the implant of these devices. Among the various types of heart... (Review)
Review
Almost 30 years after the introduction of heart valve prostheses patients worldwide are benefiting from the implant of these devices. Among the various types of heart valves, the ones made of treated bovine pericardium have become a frequently used replacement of the heart's native valve. Lyophilization, also known as freeze-drying, is an extremely useful technique for tissue storage for surgical applications. This article gives a brief overview on the current bovine pericardium lyophilization development, including the chemical modification to improve physical-chemical characteristics and the advanced technologies used to guarantee a high-quality product. It was shown that lyophilization process can be successfully applied as a method of bovine pericardium preservation and also as a technological tool to prepare new materials obtained by chemical modification of native tissues.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cross-Linking Reagents; Freeze Drying; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Humans; Pericardium
PubMed: 19245521
DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2009.00712.x