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Annual Review of Medicine 1993Because of the characteristics of the parietal pericardial tissue, the intact pericardial sac has a limited reserve volume, becoming relatively non-compliant when the... (Review)
Review
Because of the characteristics of the parietal pericardial tissue, the intact pericardial sac has a limited reserve volume, becoming relatively non-compliant when the heart volume is at the high end of the normal physiologic range. Pericardial restraint of the heart is best considered as a contact force. Measured with flattened balloons, the magnitude of pericardial contact pressure is probably several mmHg less than right atrial pressure. The diastolic pressure-volume relationship of the right ventricle, and to a lesser degree of the left ventricle, shifts downward following pericardiectomy. In dogs, the pericardium has been shown to limit maximal cardiac output. Some disease states associated with a rapid increase in total heart volume, including subacute mitral regurgitation and right ventricular infarction, demonstrate an increased pericardial influence on cardiac filling.
Topics: Animals; Cardiac Output; Cardiac Volume; Heart Diseases; Humans; Pericardium; Ventricular Function
PubMed: 8476238
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.me.44.020193.001131 -
Radiographics : a Review Publication of... 2005Recent technologic advances have led to more frequent dedicated cross-sectional imaging of the heart. Faster scanning techniques, cardiac gating, and advanced... (Review)
Review
Recent technologic advances have led to more frequent dedicated cross-sectional imaging of the heart. Faster scanning techniques, cardiac gating, and advanced postprocessing software allow improved visualization of finer anatomic details of the heart and pericardium compared with older techniques and software. Use of thin-section computed tomography (CT) or image reformatting in nonaxial planes may be helpful in some cases. The cardiac and pericardial structures are usually readily demonstrated with CT, even if chest CT is performed for evaluation of noncardiac structures. However, radiologists are expected to evaluate all structures on an image, and incidental findings are common. Radiologists must first be familiar with the normal anatomic structures of the heart and pericardium (eg, atria, ventricles, cardiac valves, pericardial recesses, paracardiac structures) to avoid mistaking them for pathologic processes.
Topics: Heart; Heart Diseases; Humans; Pericardium; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 15798062
DOI: 10.1148/rg.252045075 -
Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology 2002
Review
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Pericardial Effusion; Pericarditis; Pericardium; Pneumopericardium; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 12420000
DOI: No ID Found -
Italian Journal of Anatomy and... 2013Pericardial defects are a rare condition, generally asymptomatic, due to failure in development of pericardial sac. They are difficult to detect, particularly the... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Pericardial defects are a rare condition, generally asymptomatic, due to failure in development of pericardial sac. They are difficult to detect, particularly the complete absence of the pericardium. At present magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the best performing exam and it could be the first choice in the diagnosis of agenesia of the pericardium.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A comprehensive review of dedicated books and PubMed literature was performed and three clinical cases have been analyzed.
RESULTS
We report three cases, one with partial and two with total agenesia of the left pericardium, seen at our Institute and diagnosed at MRI as unexpected findings.
DISCUSSION
The diagnosis of a congenital defect of the pericardium is challenging, even for expert radiologists, because this kind of deformity does not provide specific clinical nor conventional radiology findings. Nowadays, the most effective instrument for a certain diagnosis is MRI, interlocked with electrocardiography.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Electrocardiography; Heart; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Pericardium; Young Adult
PubMed: 23898583
DOI: No ID Found -
Ulusal Travma Ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi =... Nov 2022The authors present the case of a 9-year-old boy who sustained a gunshot injury to the pericardium by an air gun. The penetrative wound to the pericardium was, according...
The authors present the case of a 9-year-old boy who sustained a gunshot injury to the pericardium by an air gun. The penetrative wound to the pericardium was, according to the performed pre-operative diagnostic methods, initially believed to be a penetrative wound into the cardiophrenic angle of the left pleural cavity. The stabilized patient was indicated for an extraction of the projectile through a left anterior minithoracotomy, during which the projectile was found and successfully removed from the pericardium. The limits of pre-operative assessment, optimal treatment procedures, and surgical approaches in pediatric patients with gunshot injuries to the chest and heart are discussed.
Topics: Male; Humans; Child; Wounds, Gunshot; Thoracic Injuries; Pericardium; Foreign Bodies
PubMed: 36282157
DOI: 10.14744/tjtes.2021.17260 -
Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences... Dec 2004The purpose of this article is to review the characteristics of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pericardium and pericardial... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this article is to review the characteristics of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pericardium and pericardial diseases. Because patients with pericardial diseases usually present with nonspecific symptoms, these diseases may not be detected until they have reached an advanced stage. It is therefore important to distinguish between normal pericardial structure and disease. Multiplanar reconstruction images of CT and MRI are useful for evaluating faint changes of the pericardium. The specific pericardial diseases described in this article include pericardial cyst, constrictive pericarditis, pericarditis with radiation pericarditis, postoperative pericardial hematoma, and cardiac tamponade due to a paracardiac mass (lymphoma).
Topics: Heart Diseases; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pericardium; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 16093632
DOI: 10.2463/mrms.3.145 -
Cardiology Clinics Nov 1990In summary, the pericardium is a membranous structure that surrounds the heart. Its physical properties are such that it is distensible when the total intrapericardial... (Review)
Review
In summary, the pericardium is a membranous structure that surrounds the heart. Its physical properties are such that it is distensible when the total intrapericardial volume is small and inextensible when total intrapericardial volume is large. The pericardium serves to limit acute cardiac distention and to modulate the phenomenon of ventricular interdependence. It is a dynamic structure that, when subjected to chronic stretching--either due to the gradual accumulation of intrapericardial fluid or to cardiac enlargement--will grow to accommodate its contents, such that the working range of pressures between it and the surface of the heart is low. The precise level of cardiac distention that is necessary to engage the pericardium is unknown, but studies in normal and dilated hearts suggest that, at the upper end of the normal volume range of the heart, the intrapericardial volume is just sufficient to reach the noncompliant portion of the tissue's length-tension relation. Further studies are needed to determine whether this behavior represents a hemodynamic protective mechanism in normal animals.
Topics: Cardiomegaly; Heart; Hemodynamics; Humans; Pericardium
PubMed: 2147401
DOI: No ID Found -
Folia Medica Cracoviensia 1991The pericardium plays an important role in the normal cardiac work. Its major functions include: maintenance of adequate cardiac position, separation from the... (Review)
Review
The pericardium plays an important role in the normal cardiac work. Its major functions include: maintenance of adequate cardiac position, separation from the surrounding tissues of the mediastinum, protection against ventricular dilatation, maintenance of low transmural pressure, facilitation of ventricular interdependence and atrial filling. Congenital absence of the pericardium should be differentiated first of all from atrial septal defect ostium secundum type, idiopathic dilatation of the pulmonary artery and tumours of the left mediastinum.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Heart; Heart Defects, Congenital; Heart Diseases; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial; Humans; Male; Pericardium
PubMed: 1843700
DOI: No ID Found -
Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista... 2023Bovine pericardium (BP) has been used as a biomaterial for several decades in many medical applications particularly due to its mechanical properties and the high...
Bovine pericardium (BP) has been used as a biomaterial for several decades in many medical applications particularly due to its mechanical properties and the high collagen content. In the acellular form it favors faster tissue repair, providing a three-dimensional support for cellular and vascular events observed during tissue repair and due, to a low elastin content, may favor its use as a breast implant cover, resulting in a low possibility of contracture of the biomaterial, preventing the appearance of irregularities during the reconstruction process. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate, histomorphologically, the behavior of acellularized bovine pericardium (ABP) as a mammary implant cover in rats. For this purpose, 16 animals were divided into two groups, with eight animals at each biological point: 7 and 15 days after surgery. Of the 16 animals, 32 specimens were obtained: 16 in the experimental group (EG) and 16 in the control group (CG). Throughout this study, none of the studied groups had postoperative complications. Results: The histomorphological results showed, in the two biological points, both in the EG and in the CG, chronic inflammatory infiltrate, leukocyte fibrin exudate, formation of granulation tissue and deposition of collagen fibers, more evident in the EG, regressive along the biological points. At 15 days, the implanted ABP showed initial biointegration with the fibrous capsule and surrounding tissues of the recipient bed. Conclusion: These results indicate that the due to the observed favorable tissue response ABP may be of potential use as a breast implant cover.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Cattle; Breast Implants; Biocompatible Materials; Collagen; Wound Healing; Pericardium
PubMed: 38126640
DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.276220 -
Journal de Radiologie Oct 2004Color Doppler echocardiography has limitations, particularly in the assessment of valvular regurgitation and pericardial diseases. MRI, with the help of three... (Review)
Review
Color Doppler echocardiography has limitations, particularly in the assessment of valvular regurgitation and pericardial diseases. MRI, with the help of three dimensional morphologic data, dynamic acquisitions with cine techniques and functional evaluation with flow sensitive techniques can be envisioned as a complementary noninvasive procedure able to provide the complete information required for planning therapeutic options. Qualitative as well as accurate and reproducible quantitative information (volume measurements, cardiac function and flow velocity profiles) are unique for the evaluation of the severity of valve or pericardial diseases. Multislice CT is unique in precisely demonstrating valvular and pericardial calcifications. This article reviews both imaging techniques used in assessing valvular and pericardial disease and discusses the advantages and limitations of these techniques in current clinical applications.
Topics: Heart Diseases; Heart Valve Diseases; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pericardium; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 15507841
DOI: 10.1016/s0221-0363(04)97756-6