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La Radiologia Medica 2005Magnetic resonance (MR) is an ideal technique for the evaluation of the pericardium since it enables the combination of high resolution anatomical images of the... (Review)
Review
Magnetic resonance (MR) is an ideal technique for the evaluation of the pericardium since it enables the combination of high resolution anatomical images of the pericardial layers with functional information concerning the impact of pathology on diastolic heart function and cardiac filling in particular. In comparison with echocardiography, which remains the first choice technique for the study of the pericardium, MR provides larger fields of view allowing the visualisation of the entire chest, higher spatial and contrast resolution and greater reproducibility. The technique becomes particularly useful when ultrasound imaging does not provide adequate diagnostic information or requires further characterisation; ''non-echoic'' patients, loculated pericardial effusions, focal thickening of the layers and pericardial masses are usually better assessed with MR. The method also provides valuable diagnostic information for establishing the diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis and to differentiate this condition from restrictive cardiomyopathy. The aim of this paper is to present the role of MR imaging in the assessment of a patient with suspected pericardial disease, and discuss the MR technique, anatomy and the main pathological conditions.
Topics: Cardiomyopathies; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pericardial Effusion; Pericarditis; Pericardium
PubMed: 15729187
DOI: No ID Found -
Artificial Organs Mar 2022In order to obtain the smaller delivery diameter, porcine pericardium had been used as a substitute material of bovine pericardium for the leaflet materials of...
BACKGROUND
In order to obtain the smaller delivery diameter, porcine pericardium had been used as a substitute material of bovine pericardium for the leaflet materials of transcatheter heart valve (THV). However, the differences between them had not been fully studied. Therefore, this study compared the microstructure, biochemical and mechanical properties of two materials and hydrodynamics of THV made by the two materials in detail.
METHODS
In this study, firstly, the microstructure of pericardium was analyzed by staining and scanning electron microscope; secondly, the biochemical properties of pericardium after different processes were compared by heat shrinkage temperature test, free amino and carboxyl concentration test, enzyme degradation test, subcutaneous implantation calcification analysis in rats; finally, the mechanical properties were evaluated by uniaxial tensile test before and after the pericardium being crimped, and then, the hydrodynamics of THV was studied according to the ISO5840 standard.
RESULTS
Compared with bovine pericardium, after the same process, porcine pericardium showed a looser and tinier fiber bundle, a similar free carboxyl concentration, a lower resistance to enzyme degradation, a significantly lower calcification, bearing capacity and damage after being crimped, a better hydrodynamic and adaption with lower cardiac output and deformation of implantation position. Meanwhile the dehydration process of pericardium almost had preserved all the biochemical advantages of two materials.
CONCLUSION
In this study, porcine and bovine pericardium showed some significant differences in biochemical, mechanical properties and hydrodynamics. According to the results, it was presumed that the thinner porcine pericardium might be more suitable for THV of right heart system. Meanwhile, more attention should be taken for the calcification of THV made by the bovine pericardium.
Topics: Animals; Bioprosthesis; Calcinosis; Cattle; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Pericardium; Swine; X-Ray Microtomography
PubMed: 34545589
DOI: 10.1111/aor.14074 -
American Heart Journal Oct 1992
Review
Topics: Heart; Hemodynamics; Humans; Pericardium; Pressure; Ventricular Function
PubMed: 1529878
DOI: 10.1016/0002-8703(92)90990-d -
Lymphology Sep 1991The lymphatics and pre-lymphatic connective tissue of rabbit pericardium and epicardium were examined by light and electron microscopy under normal conditions and after... (Review)
Review
The lymphatics and pre-lymphatic connective tissue of rabbit pericardium and epicardium were examined by light and electron microscopy under normal conditions and after the injection of India ink and latex particles into the pericardial cavity. A characteristic lattice structure of connective tissue was present between the small mesothelial cells and the submesothelial lymphatic capillaries in the basal region of the pericardium, but not in the epicardium. Milky spot-like structures bulging toward the pericardial cavity were found in the pericardium, similar to those in the omentum and mediastinal pleura. Within 60 minutes after injection, carbon and latex particles were directly absorbed through the intercellular clefts of the adjacent small mesothelial cells into the submesothelial layer particularly at sites of characteristic lattice structure. Carbon particles were already present in the lumens of lymphatic capillaries at this time. Macrophages in the pericardial cavity and submesothelial layers of the pericardium engulfed both carbon and latex particles. Our results suggest two possible routes of drainage of particulate matter from the pericardial cavity into the lymphatics: direct absorption and indirect absorption after phagocytosis by macrophages. Macrophages probably migrate from the milky spot-like structures described in this study. Epicardial lymphatics, in contrast, drain tissue fluid primarily from the myocardium.
Topics: Absorption; Animals; Lymphatic System; Microscopy, Electron; Pericardium; Rabbits
PubMed: 1753803
DOI: No ID Found -
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of... May 1996The pericardium and cardiac malignancies are well visualized on MR imaging because of the superb contrast resolution and multiplanar capability of the technique. This... (Review)
Review
The pericardium and cardiac malignancies are well visualized on MR imaging because of the superb contrast resolution and multiplanar capability of the technique. This article highlights some of the clinical uses of MR imaging in evaluating the pericardium and cardiac lesions and provides comparison with echocardiography and CT scan. Specific diseases that are described include pericardial effusion, constrictive pericarditis, neoplastic pericardial disease, congenital abnormalities of the pericardium, benign, malignant and metastatic cardiac tumors, and paracardiac masses. This article discusses the impact of newer MR techniques such as cine MR imaging on the assessment of pericardial disease and cardiac lesions.
Topics: Heart; Heart Diseases; Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Myocardium; Pericardium
PubMed: 8724564
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Respiratory and... Feb 2014
Topics: Adult; Hernia, Diaphragmatic, Traumatic; Humans; Male; Pericardium; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 24528329
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201302-0328IM -
Journal of Biomechanical Engineering Mar 2023In this work, we present a new experimental setup for the assessment of the anisotropic properties of Bovine Pericardium (BP) membranes. The chemically fixed BP samples...
In this work, we present a new experimental setup for the assessment of the anisotropic properties of Bovine Pericardium (BP) membranes. The chemically fixed BP samples have been subjected to a bulge test with in situ confocal laser scanning at increasing applied pressure. The high resolution topography provided by the confocal laser scanning has allowed to obtain a quantitative measure of the bulge displacement; after polynomial fitting, principal curvatures have been obtained and a degree of anisotropy (DA) has been defined as the normalized difference between the maximum and minimum principal curvatures. The experiments performed on the BP membranes have allowed us to obtain pressure-displacement data which clearly exhibit distinct principal curvatures indicating an anisotropic response. A comparison with curvatures data obtained on isotropic Nitrile Buthadiene Rubber (NBR) samples has confirmed the effectiveness of the experimental setup for this specific purpose. Numerical simulations of the bulge tests have been performed with the purpose of identifying a range of constitutive parameters which well describes the obtained range of DA on the BP membranes. The DA values have been partially validated with biaxial tests available in literature and with suitably performed uni-axial tensile tests.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Tensile Strength; Anisotropy; Pericardium; Pressure; Algorithms; Stress, Mechanical
PubMed: 36472464
DOI: 10.1115/1.4056398 -
Heart (British Cardiac Society) May 2010The role of pericardium in left ventricular (LV) twist has not been directly investigated. We sought to determine the role of pericardium in maintenance of LV twist...
BACKGROUND
The role of pericardium in left ventricular (LV) twist has not been directly investigated. We sought to determine the role of pericardium in maintenance of LV twist function in an animal experiment, before and after pericardial opening.
METHODS
13 mongrel dogs were initially operated on, but two dogs were excluded from the final analyses owing to poor speckle tracking. Intraoperative echocardiography for conventional and speckle tracking measurements was performed at baseline with intact pericardium, and after pericardial opening. Using the speckle tracking technique, LV twist and strains were obtained before and after pericardial opening in 11 animals and additionally after pericardial repair in five animals.
RESULTS
LV twist was significantly decreased after pericardial opening (10.1 degrees (5.1 degrees ) to 7.4 degrees (6.4 degrees ), p=0.001). LV twist and untwist rate were also decreased (115.0 degrees (99.6 degrees )/s to 66.7 degrees (42.5 degrees )/s for twist rate, -127.6 degrees (74.3 degrees )/s to -84.2 degrees (734 degrees )/s for untwist rate, p=0.015 and 0.009, respectively). LV stroke volume and ejection fraction were similar irrespective of pericardial opening, but radial strain measured at the mid ventricular level was significantly increased (31.7% (17.4%) to 32.3% (24.0%), p=0.02) after pericardial opening without changes in circumferential and longitudinal strains. LV twist degree was restored after pericardial repair.
CONCLUSION
The pericardium is an important structure for maintaining LV twist. Given no significant impact of the presence or absence of pericardium on LV systolic performance, an increase in LV radial strain serves as a compensatory mechanism to preserve LV systolic function despite a decrease in LV twist in the absence of pericardium.
Topics: Animals; Diastole; Dogs; Pericardium; Rotation; Systole; Ultrasonography; Ventricular Function, Left
PubMed: 20448130
DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2009.182345 -
Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics Sep 2020Hybrid surgical ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation combines surgical epicardial access/exposure with contemporary mapping and ablation techniques adapted from... (Review)
Review
Hybrid surgical ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation combines surgical epicardial access/exposure with contemporary mapping and ablation techniques adapted from percutaneous catheter ablation procedures. Patients considered for a hybrid surgical approach for VT are those who have had prior cardiac surgery or failed percutaneous epicardial access due to pericardial adhesions. They often represent the most challenging end of the spectrum of patients and usually have undergone multiple unsuccessful ablations. In this review, the indications, preprocedure work-up, ablation techniques, and outcomes from hybrid surgical access VT ablations are discussed as well as key technical details that present unique challenges to its success.
Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Catheter Ablation; Epicardial Mapping; Humans; Pericardium
PubMed: 32771191
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2020.05.002 -
Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics Sep 2020The observations afforded by epicardial mapping have not only increased the appreciation of distinct epicardial structures in the left atrium but also underscore the... (Review)
Review
The observations afforded by epicardial mapping have not only increased the appreciation of distinct epicardial structures in the left atrium but also underscore the need to address the substrate transmurally. Although epicardial access and ablation have attendant risks, comparative studies with hybrid surgical approaches are lacking. In the search to find unifying mechanisms of atrial fibrillation, a conceptual shift that emphasizes the substrate in 3 dimensions, with the epicardium distinct from the endocardium, holds promise for future investigation and evolving therapeutic tools.
Topics: Atrial Fibrillation; Catheter Ablation; Epicardial Mapping; Humans; Pericardium
PubMed: 32771190
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2020.06.005