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Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular... Aug 2021The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of 10-minute (standard term) versus 20-minute treatment with glutaraldehyde (GA) on mechanical stability and physical...
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of 10-minute (standard term) versus 20-minute treatment with glutaraldehyde (GA) on mechanical stability and physical strength of human pericardium in the setting of the OZAKI procedure.
METHODS
Leftover pericardium (6 patients) was bisected directly after the operation, and one-half was further fixed for 10 additional minutes. Uniaxial tensile tests were performed and ultimate tensile strength (UTS), ultimate tensile strain (uts), and collagen elastic modulus were evaluated.
RESULTS
Both treatments resulted in similar values of uniaxial stretching-generated elongations at rupture (10 minutes 25 ± 7 % vs. 20 minutes: 22 ± 5 %; p = 0.05), UTS (5.16 ± 2 MPa vs. 6.54 ± 3 MPa; p = 0.59), and collagen fiber stiffness (elastic modulus: 31.80 ± 15.05 MPa vs. 37.35 ± 15.78 MPa; p = 0.25).
CONCLUSION
Prolongation of the fixation time of autologous pericardium has no significant effect on its mechanical stability; thus, extending the intraoperative treatment cannot be recommended.
Topics: Glutaral; Humans; Pericardium; Tensile Strength; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33536387
DOI: 10.5761/atcs.nm.20-00125 -
Medicina Clinica Apr 2005
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Biopsy; Humans; Pericarditis; Pericardium; Suction; Toxoplasma; Toxoplasmosis
PubMed: 15847777
DOI: 10.1157/13073579 -
Journal of Cardiovascular Computed... 2010The spectrum of pericardial abnormalities includes congenital absence, pericardial cyst, pericarditis, effusion, constriction, tamponade, retained foreign body, and...
The spectrum of pericardial abnormalities includes congenital absence, pericardial cyst, pericarditis, effusion, constriction, tamponade, retained foreign body, and neoplasms. Because of it high spatial and temporal resolutions, multiplanar reconstruction capability, and large field of view, computed tomography (CT) is a very useful tool in the comprehensive anatomical and functional evaluation of the pericardium. Knowledge of normal pericardial anatomy, anatomic variants, and imaging appearances of various pericardial abnormalities is essential for accurate diagnoses and characterization. In this pictorial review, the CT appearances of the normal pericardium and pericardial abnormalities are discussed and illustrated.
Topics: Heart Diseases; Humans; Pericardium; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 20159622
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2010.01.004 -
Thorax Nov 1968Four cases of congenital defect of the pericardium are described; three had complete absence of the left pericardium and one had a partial defect. One of the patients...
Four cases of congenital defect of the pericardium are described; three had complete absence of the left pericardium and one had a partial defect. One of the patients developed acute pulmonary oedema in the immediate post-operative period following repair of a sinus venosus defect. This complication was thought to be directly related to the pericardial defect. The functions of the pericardium are discussed. The clinical features of the different types of pericardial defect are described. The diagnosis is usually made from the radiographic appearances. Electrical alternans has been noticed in one patient. This is probably due to the increased mobility of the heart. These defects are not completely benign, as has been suggested before. They can cause disabling symptoms, as in case 3, and may be directly responsible for death.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cardiac Catheterization; Child; Electrocardiography; Humans; Male; Pericardium; Postoperative Complications; Pulmonary Edema; Radiography
PubMed: 5711768
DOI: 10.1136/thx.23.6.598 -
Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular...CardioCel is a bovine pericardium that is subjected to a novel anticalcification tissue-engineering process. We present the histopathologic findings of human explants of...
CardioCel is a bovine pericardium that is subjected to a novel anticalcification tissue-engineering process. We present the histopathologic findings of human explants of CardioCel that were used in operations for congenital heart disease in children. Six explants were identified from 140 patients undergoing CardioCel implants from October 2012 to March 2015. CardioCel explants were evaluated histologically using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining. A variable inflammatory response was seen in the surrounding native tissue, but not within the CardioCel graft in any of the explants. A neointimal layer of varying thickness developed on the visceral surface of 5 CardioCel explants with endothelialization of the longest duration explant. A granulation tissue layer developed on the parietal surface of the graft (consistently thicker than the neointima). Maintained collagen fiber architecture (laminated) and variable fibroblastic invasion (which increased with the age of the implant) were identified in all 6 cases. Scattered capillary vessels were noted in the majority of the explants with new collagen fibers in one, suggesting early remodeling. Calcium was seen in 1 explant at the interface of the graft and inflammatory response on its parietal surface. Evidence of graft remodeling was noted in the majority of the explants without inflammatory cells or calcification within the explanted graft material. A noticeable feature was the differential thickness of the host reaction to the parietal compared with the visceral surface of the graft. We will continue to evaluate CardioCel as a cardiovascular substitute for extracardiac and intracardiac reconstructions.
Topics: Animals; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Cattle; Child; Child, Preschool; Device Removal; Heart Defects, Congenital; Heterografts; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Pericardium; Staining and Labeling; Time Factors; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 29195576
DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2017.05.017 -
Clinical Cardiology Nov 2009
Topics: Female; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Middle Aged; Pericardium; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 19816978
DOI: 10.1002/clc.20331 -
Circulation Research Jan 2020The heart is lined by a single layer of mesothelial cells called the epicardium that provides important cellular contributions for embryonic heart formation. The... (Review)
Review
The heart is lined by a single layer of mesothelial cells called the epicardium that provides important cellular contributions for embryonic heart formation. The epicardium harbors a population of progenitor cells that undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition displaying characteristic conversion of planar epithelial cells into multipolar and invasive mesenchymal cells before differentiating into nonmyocyte cardiac lineages, such as vascular smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and fibroblasts. The epicardium is also a source of paracrine cues that are essential for fetal cardiac growth, coronary vessel patterning, and regenerative heart repair. Although the epicardium becomes dormant after birth, cardiac injury reactivates developmental gene programs that stimulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; however, it is not clear how the epicardium contributes to disease progression or repair in the adult. In this review, we will summarize the molecular mechanisms that control epicardium-derived progenitor cell migration, and the functional contributions of the epicardium to heart formation and cardiomyopathy. Future perspectives will be presented to highlight emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at harnessing the regenerative potential of the fetal epicardium for cardiac repair.
Topics: Animals; Heart Diseases; Humans; Myocardium; Paracrine Communication; Pericardium; Regeneration
PubMed: 31999538
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.315857 -
Journal of Morphology Jul 2003The importance of the pericardium and the pericardial fluid (PF) in the control of cardiac function has emerged over the past few years. Despite the acknowledgment that... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The importance of the pericardium and the pericardial fluid (PF) in the control of cardiac function has emerged over the past few years. Despite the acknowledgment that amphibians are exposed to both dehydration and excessive water accumulation, nothing is known about their pericardial structure and the morphological basis of the PF formation. We have studied the parietal pericardium (PP) morphology in Rana esculenta by electron microscopy. SEM images of the inner surface, which lines the pericardial cavity, revealed the presence of large vesicles and many small circular openings. TEM observations showed that the PP is made up of an inner mesothelial lining, often constituted by two layers of very flat cells lying on a basal membrane and of regularly oriented collagen bundles. The PP outer surface is lined by a layer of flat cells, without a basal membrane. The mesothelial cells had overlapping boundaries with complex intercellular connections and a rich pool of caveolae opened in the direction of both the pericardial cavity and intercellular spaces. These cells indicate an intense intracellular and/or intercellular transfer of fluids and substances. The intraperitoneal injection of the idromineral hormone, Val(5)-ANG II, induced PP modifications, particularly evident at the level of the structures involved in the transmesothelial traffic. These lymphatic-like traits suggest that the frog PP represents a large lymphatic sac, subject to paracrine-endocrine remodeling, which can actively adjust the PF, influencing the composition and volume of the myocardial interstitial fluid.
Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Endocrine Glands; Lymphatic System; Microscopy, Electron; Pericardium; Rana esculenta
PubMed: 12740898
DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10112 -
Cardiovascular Research Oct 1983The effects of the pericardium on the amount and distribution of left ventricular myocardial blood flow were studied. In 10 normal dogs, transfusion of blood from a...
The effects of the pericardium on the amount and distribution of left ventricular myocardial blood flow were studied. In 10 normal dogs, transfusion of blood from a donor dog resulted in modest increases in coronary flow and ventricular diameter that were greater with an open than a closed pericardium. The ratio of subendocardial to subepicardial flow remained normal with or without the pericardium, at low and high diastolic ventricular pressure, and before and after pharmacological vasodilation with chromonar. In 18 dogs, cardiac failure was induced by constant infusion of the metabolic inhibitor, phenformin. Modest ventricular dilatation occurred if the pericardium was open. A progressive rise in myocardial blood flow developed in those with the pericardium open (1.06 rising to 3.02 ml . g-1 . min-1). A lesser increase (0.62 to 1.75 ml . g-1 . min-1) was seen in dogs with the pericardium closed; they selectively increased subendocardial flow, producing an average subendocardial to subepicardial flow ratio of 2.25. Pharmacological vasodilatation then resulted in uniform transmural flow. The pericardium can influence myocardial flow indirectly by influencing myocardial metabolic demand, when the heart is stressed. It may have a beneficial role in preventing the increased oxygen and coronary flow requirements produced by ventricular dilatation.
Topics: Animals; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Disease; Dogs; Heart Function Tests; Heart Ventricles; Hemodynamics; Pericardium; Phenformin
PubMed: 6627267
DOI: 10.1093/cvr/17.10.595 -
The Journal of Heart Valve Disease Mar 1998This study was performed to identify the physical and histopathologic characteristics of different sections of glutaraldehyde-tanned bovine pericardium.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS OF THE STUDY
This study was performed to identify the physical and histopathologic characteristics of different sections of glutaraldehyde-tanned bovine pericardium.
METHODS
Ten pericardial sacs were obtained from animals aged from 18 to 36 months. Physical tests included shrinkage and mechanical resistance (rupture, elongation, tenacity index). Collagen and elastic fibers were evaluated in Gomori's trichrome-stained sections, hematoxylin and eosin, by PAS and Verhoeff's method. Studied areas were proximal to the great arteries, and the right atrial, right ventricular, left ventricular and left atrial regions.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
Results showed that bovine pericardium does not have enough regional differences to identify any single region for bioprosthesis manufacture. However, histopathology showed better preservation of collagen and elastic fibers in the right ventricular region, implying that this area is more adequate as bioprosthetic material.
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Bioprosthesis; Cattle; Collagen; Culture Techniques; Elasticity; Glutaral; Materials Testing; Pericardium; Stress, Mechanical; Tensile Strength; Tissue Preservation; Tissue and Organ Procurement
PubMed: 9587862
DOI: No ID Found