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Cardiovascular Research Oct 1983The effects of the pericardium on the amount and distribution of left ventricular myocardial blood flow were studied. In 10 normal dogs, transfusion of blood from a...
The effects of the pericardium on the amount and distribution of left ventricular myocardial blood flow were studied. In 10 normal dogs, transfusion of blood from a donor dog resulted in modest increases in coronary flow and ventricular diameter that were greater with an open than a closed pericardium. The ratio of subendocardial to subepicardial flow remained normal with or without the pericardium, at low and high diastolic ventricular pressure, and before and after pharmacological vasodilation with chromonar. In 18 dogs, cardiac failure was induced by constant infusion of the metabolic inhibitor, phenformin. Modest ventricular dilatation occurred if the pericardium was open. A progressive rise in myocardial blood flow developed in those with the pericardium open (1.06 rising to 3.02 ml . g-1 . min-1). A lesser increase (0.62 to 1.75 ml . g-1 . min-1) was seen in dogs with the pericardium closed; they selectively increased subendocardial flow, producing an average subendocardial to subepicardial flow ratio of 2.25. Pharmacological vasodilatation then resulted in uniform transmural flow. The pericardium can influence myocardial flow indirectly by influencing myocardial metabolic demand, when the heart is stressed. It may have a beneficial role in preventing the increased oxygen and coronary flow requirements produced by ventricular dilatation.
Topics: Animals; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Disease; Dogs; Heart Function Tests; Heart Ventricles; Hemodynamics; Pericardium; Phenformin
PubMed: 6627267
DOI: 10.1093/cvr/17.10.595 -
The Journal of Heart Valve Disease Mar 1998This study was performed to identify the physical and histopathologic characteristics of different sections of glutaraldehyde-tanned bovine pericardium.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS OF THE STUDY
This study was performed to identify the physical and histopathologic characteristics of different sections of glutaraldehyde-tanned bovine pericardium.
METHODS
Ten pericardial sacs were obtained from animals aged from 18 to 36 months. Physical tests included shrinkage and mechanical resistance (rupture, elongation, tenacity index). Collagen and elastic fibers were evaluated in Gomori's trichrome-stained sections, hematoxylin and eosin, by PAS and Verhoeff's method. Studied areas were proximal to the great arteries, and the right atrial, right ventricular, left ventricular and left atrial regions.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
Results showed that bovine pericardium does not have enough regional differences to identify any single region for bioprosthesis manufacture. However, histopathology showed better preservation of collagen and elastic fibers in the right ventricular region, implying that this area is more adequate as bioprosthetic material.
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Bioprosthesis; Cattle; Collagen; Culture Techniques; Elasticity; Glutaral; Materials Testing; Pericardium; Stress, Mechanical; Tensile Strength; Tissue Preservation; Tissue and Organ Procurement
PubMed: 9587862
DOI: No ID Found -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Jun 2021
Topics: Aged; Calcification, Physiologic; Echocardiography; Humans; Male; Pericarditis, Constrictive; Pericardium; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 34099470
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.202346 -
Radiology Apr 1980Pericardial defects rarely cause clinical symptoms and thus are not often recognized. A case is reported in which the CT appearance of complete absence of the left...
Pericardial defects rarely cause clinical symptoms and thus are not often recognized. A case is reported in which the CT appearance of complete absence of the left pericardium reflects the abnormal relationship of the heart, pericardium, lung, and great vessels.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Pericardium; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 7360949
DOI: 10.1148/radiology.135.1.7360949 -
Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics Sep 2020Accessing the epicardial space without a sternotomy or a surgical pericardial window to treat ventricular arrhythmias in Chagas disease became a medical necessity in... (Review)
Review
Accessing the epicardial space without a sternotomy or a surgical pericardial window to treat ventricular arrhythmias in Chagas disease became a medical necessity in South America. Since the introduction of the dry percutaneous epicardial access approach, epicardial access has been standard procedure for management of ventricular arrhythmias in ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathies and atrioventricular accessory pathways after failed conventional endocardial ablation. Understanding the epicardial space and neighboring structures has become an important subject of teachings in electrophysiology. The evolution of complex ablation procedures to treat atrial and ventricular arrhythmias and device interventions to prevent cardioembolic stroke requires thorough understanding of pericardial anatomy.
Topics: Cardiac Imaging Techniques; Catheter Ablation; Epicardial Mapping; Heart Diseases; Humans; Pericardium
PubMed: 32771183
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2020.06.001 -
Journal of Cardiovascular... Apr 2003Investigators are beginning to exploit the pericardial space for a number of cardiovascular applications, including catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias,... (Review)
Review
Investigators are beginning to exploit the pericardial space for a number of cardiovascular applications, including catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias, cardiovascular drug therapy, and cardiac pacing. This review explores the anatomy of the pericardial space and the anatomic variants that may be encountered in this novel approach to the heart.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Body Fluids; Electrophysiology; Humans; Pericardium; Varicose Veins
PubMed: 12741718
DOI: 10.1046/j.1540-8167.2003.02487.x -
Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Contrast Media; Gadolinium; Pericardium; Pericarditis; Heart Defects, Congenital; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pericarditis, Constrictive
PubMed: 37988446
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.123.016131 -
European Heart Journal. Cardiovascular... Apr 2020
Topics: Coronary Artery Disease; Humans; Pericardial Window Techniques; Pericardium; Registries; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 31642897
DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez274 -
Stem Cell Research Nov 2014From historical studies of developing chick hearts to recent advances in regenerative injury models, the epicardium has arisen as a key player in heart genesis and... (Review)
Review
From historical studies of developing chick hearts to recent advances in regenerative injury models, the epicardium has arisen as a key player in heart genesis and repair. The epicardium provides paracrine signals to nurture growth of the developing heart from mid-gestation, and epicardium-derived cells act as progenitors of numerous cardiac cell types. Interference with either process is terminal for heart development and embryogenesis. In adulthood, the dormant epicardium reinstates an embryonic gene programme in response to injury. Furthermore, injury-induced epicardial signalling is essential for heart regeneration in zebrafish. Given these critical roles in development, injury response and heart regeneration, the application of epicardial signals following adult heart injury could offer therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ischaemic heart disease and heart failure.
Topics: Animals; Heart; Humans; Myocardial Ischemia; Pericardium; Regeneration; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 24933704
DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.04.007 -
International Journal of Cardiology Jul 2023
Topics: Humans; Atrial Fibrillation; Pericardium; Catheter Ablation; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37028713
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.03.064