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Journal of Periodontology Mar 2023Although periodontal ligament-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDL-MSCs) have been recognized as the best MSC choice for periodontal regeneration, using PDL-MSCs requires...
BACKGROUND
Although periodontal ligament-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDL-MSCs) have been recognized as the best MSC choice for periodontal regeneration, using PDL-MSCs requires tooth extraction for cell isolation. The supracrestal gingival (SG) connective tissue is a part of the gingiva which is located close to the PDL. SG-MSCs might have similar characteristic to the PDL-MSCs and serve as a good MSC candidate for periodontal regeneration. This study aimed to investigate and compare the characteristics of human MSCs isolated from SG tissue (hSG-MSCs), marginal gingival tissue (hMG-MSCs), and PDL (hPDL-MSCs) in terms of MSCs properties and differential gene expression profile.
METHODS
Human periodontal tissue from five healthy subjects, including SG, MG, and PDL, was harvested. The primary cells of the hSG-MSCs, hMG-MSCs, and hPDL-MSCs were isolated and expanded to assess MSCs markers by flow cytometry, colony-forming ability, differentiation potential, RNA sequencing, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
RESULTS
Of the three cell types, the hSG-MSCs demonstrated the highest colony-forming ability. The number of alizarin red S positive colonies produced by the hSG-MSCs was higher than the hMG-MSCs but lower than the hPDL-MSCs. RNA sequencing revealed that the hSG-MSCs had a more similar gene expression profile to the hPDL-MSCs than the hMG-MSCs. Pathway enrichment analysis found no significant differences in the differentially expressed genes between the hSG-MSCs and hPDL-MSCs; however, there were significantly enriched pathways between the hPDL-MSCs and hMG-MSCs for the extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and ECM-receptor interaction pathways.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated a close relationship between hSG-MSCs and hPDL-MSCs. hSG-MSCs could be a potential MSC source for periodontal tissue engineering.
Topics: Humans; Gingiva; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Periodontal Ligament; Cell Differentiation; Connective Tissue; Cells, Cultured
PubMed: 36218191
DOI: 10.1002/JPER.22-0306 -
Journal of Periodontology Jan 1989The role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease is controversial. Although bacterial penetration has been demonstrated in human periodontitis,...
The role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease is controversial. Although bacterial penetration has been demonstrated in human periodontitis, relationships of bacteria to varying levels of periodontal health in other animals has not been well documented. In this study of beagle dog periodontium, bacteria were counted within the various tissue regions of sites which exhibited periodontal health, gingivitis, or periodontitis. Affected sites within whole block sections from two aged beagle dogs were prepared for investigation by light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and bacterial counts were subjected to statistical analysis for differences. Periodontitis sites viewed with LM had more bacteria than healthy sites. Neither LM nor SEM observations yielded any other differences in bacterial counts between the levels of periodontal health. When viewed using SEM, the sulcular epithelium had more bacteria than the other tissue regions in diseased sites. Relative to the number of bacteria in plaque, however, counts from all microscopic observations were very low. These findings indicate that the presence of bacteria within the periodontium is of questionable significance in the pathogenesis of spontaneous periodontal disease in beagle dogs.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Connective Tissue; Dogs; Epithelial Attachment; Female; Gingiva; Gingivitis; Granulation Tissue; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Periodontium
PubMed: 2921709
DOI: 10.1902/jop.1989.60.1.23 -
Journal of Periodontal Research Feb 2010The existence of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) at high concentrations in periodontal pockets is a characteristic feature of periodontitis. Periodontal pathogens play a key...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
The existence of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) at high concentrations in periodontal pockets is a characteristic feature of periodontitis. Periodontal pathogens play a key role in the production of H(2)S under these etiology conditions. This study was designed to examine the cytotoxicity of H(2)S in periodontium cells, including human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), as well as the role of H(2)S in apoptosis induction.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Human PDL cells and HGFs were cultured in the presence of Na(2)S/HCl or in the presence of H(2)S produced enzymatically by the action of Treponema denticola cystalysin (l-cysteine desulfhydrase) on l-cysteine. Apoptosis was assessed morphologically after nuclear staining with DAPI or was quantified by flow cytometry after staining with annexin V. Caspase activation was measured by an enzymatic assay using DEVD-AMC, a synthetic caspase substrate.
RESULTS
Among the three products obtained following degradation of l-cysteine by T. denticola cystalysin, only H(2)S induced significant apoptosis in HGF cells. Hydrogen sulfide also induced typical apoptotic morphology in cultured PDL cells. The changes were dependent on the H(2)S dose and on the treatment time with H(2)S. Hydrogen sulfide-induced apoptosis was also confirmed by staining with annexin V and propidium iodide. In addition, treatment with H(2)S led to caspase activation in these cells.
CONCLUSION
These results showed that physiological concentrations of H(2)S can induce apoptosis of PDL cells and HGFs in periodontitis, suggesting that H(2)S may play an important role in periodontal tissue damage in periodontal diseases.
Topics: Annexin A5; Apoptosis; Bacterial Proteins; Caspases; Cells, Cultured; Coloring Agents; Coumarins; Cystathionine gamma-Lyase; Cysteine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Activation; Fibroblasts; Fluorescent Dyes; Gingiva; Humans; Hydrochloric Acid; Hydrogen Sulfide; Indoles; Oligopeptides; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontium; Propidium; Sulfides; Time Factors; Treponema denticola
PubMed: 19602114
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2009.01202.x -
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Oral... Dec 1959
Topics: Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontium; Regeneration
PubMed: 14401667
DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(59)90272-5 -
Histology and Histopathology Oct 2013Previous studies have shown that there is a relationship between periodontal disease and the distribution of collagen fibers. This study evaluated the distribution of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Previous studies have shown that there is a relationship between periodontal disease and the distribution of collagen fibers. This study evaluated the distribution of collagen types I and III in regenerated bone and periodontal ligament, comparing them to the tissues near the regenerated area and to the healthy periodontium. In the third (P3) and fourth (P4) mandibular premolars of 5 healthy mongrel dogs, bilaterally, buccal class 2 furcation lesions were surgically created and chronified for 3 weeks. After that, full flaps were elevated and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) membranes were adapted, sutured and recovered by the flaps. Two weeks after surgery, two membranes on the same side were removed and the other membranes were removed four weeks after surgery. The dogs were euthanized at 12 weeks following placement of the e-PTFE membranes. P3 and P4 teeth as well as the second premolars (healthy control teeth) and their periodontal tissues were removed and histologically processed for Collagen Quantification (COLQ). The amount of type III collagen was higher in native bone compared to the regenerated area. For periodontal ligament, COLQ for type I collagen showed statistically significant differences (Tukeys's Multiple Comparison, p⟨0.05) between the regenerated groups and the control group. These differences were not found for type III COLQ. There are significant differences in collagen distribution among the regenerated, native and control tissues. Membrane removal 2 or 4 weeks postoperatively did not influence the collagen composition.
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Bone Regeneration; Bone and Bones; Collagen Type I; Collagen Type III; Coloring Agents; Connective Tissue; Dogs; Female; Male; Microscopy; Molar; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontium; Polytetrafluoroethylene; Regeneration; Sex Factors
PubMed: 23584862
DOI: 10.14670/HH-28.1315 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2021Autophagy is a lysosomal protein degradation system in which the cell self-digests its intracellular protein components and organelles. Defects in autophagy contribute...
Autophagy is a lysosomal protein degradation system in which the cell self-digests its intracellular protein components and organelles. Defects in autophagy contribute to the pathogenesis of age-related chronic diseases, such as myocardial infarction and rheumatoid arthritis, through defects in the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, little is known about autophagy in periodontal diseases characterised by the breakdown of periodontal tissue. Tooth-supportive periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue contains PDL cells that produce various ECM proteins such as collagen to maintain homeostasis in periodontal tissue. In this study, we aimed to clarify the physiological role of autophagy in periodontal tissue. We found that autophagy regulated type I collagen synthesis by elimination of misfolded proteins in human PDL (HPDL) cells. Inhibition of autophagy by E-64d and pepstatin A (PSA) or siATG5 treatment suppressed collagen production in HPDL cells at mRNA and protein levels. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed collagen fragments in autolysosomes. Accumulation of misfolded collagen in HPDL cells was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. E-64d and PSA treatment suppressed and rapamycin treatment accelerated the hard tissue-forming ability of HPDL cells. Our findings suggest that autophagy is a crucial regulatory process that facilitates type I collagen synthesis and partly regulates osteoblastic differentiation of PDL cells.
Topics: Autophagy; Cell Line; Collagen Type I; Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain; Humans; Periodontal Ligament; Protein Biosynthesis
PubMed: 33446772
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80275-4 -
Current Opinion in Periodontology 1994The goal of periodontal treatments is the complete restoration of the structure and function of damaged periodontal tissues. Although it is very difficult to attain this... (Review)
Review
The goal of periodontal treatments is the complete restoration of the structure and function of damaged periodontal tissues. Although it is very difficult to attain this goal, recent advances in periodontal wound healing concepts encourage hope of reaching it. Through reconsideration of the general concepts of wound healing and a review of the key and current literature on periodontal tissue regeneration, it is currently promised that this goal will be accomplished possibly by 1) spontaneous inherent tissue regeneration elicited by the elimination of causal factors; 2) guided tissue regeneration by the selective guidance of periodontal ligament cell proliferation; and 3) inductive tissue regeneration through recent advances in cellular biology.
Topics: Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontium; Regeneration; Wound Healing
PubMed: 8032452
DOI: No ID Found -
Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio) Jan 2021Loss of tissue attachment as a consequence of bacterial infection and inflammation represents the main therapeutic target for the treatment of periodontitis....
Loss of tissue attachment as a consequence of bacterial infection and inflammation represents the main therapeutic target for the treatment of periodontitis. Cementoblasts, the cells that produce the mineralized tissue, cementum, that is responsible for connecting the soft periodontal tissue to the tooth, are a key cell type for maintaining/restoring tissue attachment following disease. Here, we identify two distinct stem cell populations that contribute to cementoblast differentiation at different times. During postnatal development, cementoblasts are formed from perivascular-derived cells expressing CD90 and perivascular-associated cells that express Axin2. During adult homeostasis, only Wnt-responsive Axin2+ cells form cementoblasts but following experimental induction of periodontal disease, CD90+ cells become the main source of cementoblasts. We thus show that different populations of resident stem cells are mobilized at different times and during disease to generate precursors for cementoblast differentiation and thus provide an insight into the targeting cells resident cells for novel therapeutic approaches. The differentiation of these stem cells into cementoblasts is however inhibited by bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharides, emphasizing that regeneration of periodontal ligament soft tissue and restoration of attachment will require a multipronged approach.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Dental Cementum; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontitis; Stem Cells
PubMed: 33038290
DOI: 10.1002/stem.3288 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2019One of the problems in dental implant treatment is the lack of periodontal ligament (PDL), which supports teeth, prevents infection, and transduces sensations such as...
One of the problems in dental implant treatment is the lack of periodontal ligament (PDL), which supports teeth, prevents infection, and transduces sensations such as chewiness. The objective of the present study was to develop a decellularized PDL for supporting an artificial tooth. To this end, we prepared mouse decellularized mandible bone with a PDL matrix by high hydrostatic pressure and DNase and detergent treatments and evaluated its reconstruction in vivo. After tooth extraction, the decellularized mandible bone with PDL matrix was implanted under the subrenal capsule in rat and observed that host cells migrated into the matrix and oriented along the PDL collagen fibers. The extracted decellularized tooth and de- and re-calcified teeth, which was used as an artificial tooth model, were re-inserted into the decellularized mandible bone and implanted under the subrenal capsule in rat. The reconstructed PDL matrix for the extracted decellularized tooth resembled the decellularized mandible bone without tooth extraction. This demonstrates that decellularized PDL matrix can reconstruct PDL tissue by controlling host cell migration, which could serve as a novel periodontal treatment approach.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Extracellular Matrix; Female; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Periodontal Ligament; Rats; Regeneration
PubMed: 31277305
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133277 -
Journal of Periodontal Research May 1991Fibroblasts are the principal cell type in the soft connective tissues of the periodontium; they perform important functions in development, physiology, and disease. A... (Review)
Review
Fibroblasts are the principal cell type in the soft connective tissues of the periodontium; they perform important functions in development, physiology, and disease. A growing number of reports have indicated site-specific phenotypic variation of fibroblasts. Heterogeneity of metabolic traits has been demonstrated in cells from healthy and diseased tissues. The tissue distribution and relative proportions of fibroblast subpopulations have a significant impact on the regulation of connective tissue function in health and disease.
Topics: Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Collagen; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Fibroblasts; Gingiva; Humans; Membrane Proteins; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontium
PubMed: 1830616
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1991.tb01638.x