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Advanced Healthcare Materials Mar 2023The unique structure of the periodontium, including the alveolar bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament (PDL), presents difficulties for the regeneration of its...
The unique structure of the periodontium, including the alveolar bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament (PDL), presents difficulties for the regeneration of its intricate organization. Irreversible structural breakdown of the periodontium increases the risk of tooth loosening and loss. Although the current therapies can restore the periodontal hard tissues to a certain extent, the PDL with its high directionality of multiple groups with different orientations and functions cannot be reconstructed. Here, biomimetic peridontium patches (BPPs) for functional periodontal regeneration using a microscale continuous digital light projection bioprinting method is reported. Orthotopic transplantation in the mandibles shows effective periodontal reconstruction. The resulting bioengineered tissues closely resembles natural periodontium in terms of the "sandwich structures," especially the correctly oriented fibers, showing different and specific orientation in different regions of the tooth root, which has never been found in previous studies. Furthermore, after the assessment of clinically functional properties it is found that the regenerative periodontium can achieve stable tooth movement under orthodontic migration force with no adverse consequences. Overall, the BPPs promote reconstruction of the functional periodontium and the complex microstructure of the periodontal tissue, providing a proof of principle for the clinical functional treatment of periodontal defects.
Topics: Biomimetics; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontium; Tooth Root
PubMed: 36398560
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202169 -
Journal of the American Dental... Jan 2007
Topics: Bite Force; Dental Occlusion; Dental Occlusion, Traumatic; Disease Progression; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Ligament
PubMed: 17197395
DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2007.0005 -
Journal of Clinical Periodontology Dec 2017Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a pathological factor causing the characteristic symptoms of periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we describe...
AIM
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a pathological factor causing the characteristic symptoms of periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we describe the phenotypes of human TNF-α transgenic mice (hTNFtg) with respect to their periodontium and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Periodontal structures, TMJ and skull shape of hTNFtg mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were assessed by microcomputed tomography, automated segmentation, geometric morphometrics and histologic ground sections.
RESULTS
We show that hTNFtg mice have an eroded lamina dura and reduced periodontal ligament space compared to (WT) littermates. Transgenic mice further exhibit severe destruction of the TMJ. Geometric morphometrics revealed that hTNFtg mice have a more laterally positioned TMJ with a concomitantly enlarged zygomatic process. Mandibular and maxillary teeth occluded properly.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that chronic inflammation in hTNFtg mice causes destructive changes of the periodontium and the TMJ.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Bone Resorption; Humans; Inflammation; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Osteoclasts; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontium; Phenotype; Skull; Temporomandibular Joint; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; X-Ray Microtomography; Zygoma
PubMed: 28833486
DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12799 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jan 2021Periodontitis is the most common chronic inflammatory disease, and a leading cause of tooth loss. Characterized by resorption of alveolar process and destruction of... (Review)
Review
Periodontitis is the most common chronic inflammatory disease, and a leading cause of tooth loss. Characterized by resorption of alveolar process and destruction of periodontal ligaments, periodontitis can impact not only periodontal tissues but also systemic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory infections. Currently, it is a hotspot to manage destruction and gain regeneration of periodontal tissues. Increasing evidence indicates that the Wnt signaling plays an important role in homeostasis of periodontal tissues, functions of periodontal derived cells, and progression of periodontitis. Its molecule expressions were abnormal in periodontitis. As such, modulators targeting the Wnt signaling may be an adjuvant therapy for periodontitis treatment. This review elucidates the role of Wnt signaling and its molecules, with a view to develop a potential application of drugs targeting the Wnt signaling for periodontitis treatment.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Humans; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontitis; Periodontium; Stem Cells; Wnt Signaling Pathway
PubMed: 33227711
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110935 -
British Dental Journal May 2014Regeneration of the lost tissues of the periodontium is an ideal therapeutic goal and has been the subject of much research and ingenious clinical techniques.... (Review)
Review
Regeneration of the lost tissues of the periodontium is an ideal therapeutic goal and has been the subject of much research and ingenious clinical techniques. Reconstructive or regenerative techniques are used either singly or in combination for three main purposes: (1) to regain lost periodontal ligament attachment, (2) to provide a wider zone of attached gingiva, and (3) to cover previously exposed root surfaces.
Topics: Gingiva; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontics; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Tooth Root
PubMed: 24809565
DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.354 -
Molecular Biology Reports Dec 2022Periodontitis is the primary cause of irreversible destruction of the periodontium surrounding teeth. Proinflammatory cytokines are secreted by pathogens in the biofilm... (Review)
Review
Periodontitis is the primary cause of irreversible destruction of the periodontium surrounding teeth. Proinflammatory cytokines are secreted by pathogens in the biofilm and destroy the periodontium. Exosomes released into all biological fluids from saliva have enabled many innovations in the early diagnosis and treatment of periodontal diseases. This narrative review describes the role of exosomes in various diseases, and their involvement in periodontal diseases and periodontal regeneration primarily. Since guided tissue regeneration offers unpredictable results that vary according to the case, new developments in periodontal treatment are needed. Exosomes are suitable drug carriers for periodontal regeneration due to their isolation from every biological fluid, biocompatibility, low toxicity and high concentration of drugs reaching the target tissue. Exosomes obtained from mesenchymal stem cells can be used for periodontal regeneration in periodontal flaps, scaffolds, or periodontal defect areas through biomaterials such as drugs and hydrogels. Exosomes are significant in the early diagnosis and development of treatment of many diseases such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, diabetes and prognostic markers in cancer. Future studies are needed to elucidate the effects and possible mechanisms of exosomes in periodontitis and periodontal diseases and other systemic diseases, as they have many promises in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
Topics: Humans; Exosomes; Periodontium; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontitis; Periodontal Diseases
PubMed: 36266554
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08010-y -
Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) Sep 2022Periodontium possesses stem cell populations for its self-maintenance and regeneration, and has been proved to be an optimal stem cell source for tissue engineering. In... (Review)
Review
Periodontium possesses stem cell populations for its self-maintenance and regeneration, and has been proved to be an optimal stem cell source for tissue engineering. In vitro studies have shown that stem cells can be isolated from periodontal ligament, alveolar bone marrow and gingiva. In recent years, more studies have focused on identification of periodontal stem cells in vivo. Multiple genetic markers, including Gli1, Prx1, Axin2, αSMA, and LepR, were identified with the lineage tracing approaches. Characteristics, functions, and regulatory mechanisms of specific populations expressing one of these markers have been investigated. In vivo studies also revealed that periodontal stem cells can be regulafrted by different niche and mechanisms including intercellular interactions, ECM and multiple secreted factors. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of in vitro characteristics and in vivo markers of periodontal stem cells, and discussed the specific regulating niche.
Topics: Genetic Markers; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; Periodontal Ligament; Stem Cells; Zinc Finger Protein GLI1
PubMed: 35894656
DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23494 -
Life Sciences Sep 2018Flavonoids are plant-derived polyphenolic compounds claimed to help alleviate a variety of conditions, including diabetes, infectious endocarditis, and cancer. They have... (Review)
Review
Flavonoids are plant-derived polyphenolic compounds claimed to help alleviate a variety of conditions, including diabetes, infectious endocarditis, and cancer. They have attracted substantial research interest as nutraceuticals owing to their diverse bioactivities. Periodontitis is a high-incidence inflammatory disease affecting the dentition-supporting periodontium. Although the etiology of periodontitis is diverse, microbial species in dental plaque are considered its main pathogenic agents. Here, we provide a review of flavonoid study findings relevant for periodontitis treatment and prevention. Cell biology and in vivo rodent model studies have revealed a multiple of flavonoid effects on periodontal cells and tissues, including regulation of inflammatory responses in periodontal components and potential preserving effects in periodontal ligament and alveolar bone tissues. Mechanistic studies have indicated that flavonoids may counteract the proinflammatory effects exerted by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) proteins through Toll-like receptor (TLR) responses. Potentially beneficial effects of flavonoids have been reported for various periodontium cells, including epithelial gingival cells, gingival fibroblasts, and periodontal ligament fibroblasts, as well as for alveolar bone maintaining osteoblasts. The findings indicate that flavonoids are highly promising clinical agents for the prevention and reduction of periodontitis, which can be delivered easily to patients via mouthwash, toothpaste, and food products.
Topics: Alveolar Process; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bone Development; Flavonoids; Humans; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontitis
PubMed: 30121198
DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.029 -
Stem Cells and Development Aug 2019Several therapeutic strategies are currently in development for severe periodontitis and other associated chronic inflammatory diseases. Guided tissue regeneration of... (Review)
Review
Several therapeutic strategies are currently in development for severe periodontitis and other associated chronic inflammatory diseases. Guided tissue regeneration of the periodontium is based on surgical implantation of natural or synthetic polymers conditioned as membranes, injectable biomaterials (hydrogels), or three-dimensional (3D) matrices. Combinations of biomaterials with bioactive factors represent the next generation of regenerative strategy. Cell delivery strategy based on scaffold-cell constructs showed potential in periodontitis treatment. Bioengineering of periodontal tissues using cell sheets and genetically modified stem cells is currently proposed to complete existing (pre)clinical procedures for periodontal regeneration. 3D structures can be built using computer-assisted manufacturing technologies to improve the implant architecture effect on new tissue formation. The aim of this review was to summarize the advantages and drawbacks of biomimetic composite matrices used as biomaterials for periodontal tissue engineering. Their conditioning as two-dimensional or 3D scaffolds using conventional or emerging technologies was also discussed. Further biotechnologies are required for developing novel products tailored to stimulate periodontal regeneration. Additional preclinical studies will be useful to closely investigate the mechanisms and identify specific markers involved in cell-implant interactions, envisaging further clinical tests. Future therapeutic protocols will be developed based on these novel procedures and techniques.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; Humans; Hydrogels; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontitis; Periodontium; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 31020906
DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0016 -
Periodontology 2000 Jun 2023The clinical outcome of every prosthetic and restorative procedure depends on the maintenance of a healthy periodontium. It is, therefore, important that the... (Review)
Review
The clinical outcome of every prosthetic and restorative procedure depends on the maintenance of a healthy periodontium. It is, therefore, important that the prosthodontist and restorative dentist cause no harm or permanent damage to the underlying hard and soft tissues when performing clinical procedures necessary to carry out the planned treatment. Several factors involved in these procedures have been described to have an impact on gingival health. For the present article, a selection of four of these factors are presented with the goal of evaluating the current trends and their influence on periodontal structures: (1) tooth preparation configuration and apical extension, (2) gingival tissue sulcular expansion/retraction, (3) prosthetic contours, and (4) prosthesis marginal adaptation and the consequences of excess cement remnants. Based on the available scientific evidence and clinical experience, recommendations for the practitioner are given.
Topics: Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontium; Gingiva; Periodontal Ligament
PubMed: 37466152
DOI: 10.1111/prd.12505