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Stem Cell Research & Therapy Feb 2023Periodontitis is a high prevalence oral disease which damages both the hard and soft tissue of the periodontium, resulting in tooth mobility and even loss. Existing... (Review)
Review
Periodontitis is a high prevalence oral disease which damages both the hard and soft tissue of the periodontium, resulting in tooth mobility and even loss. Existing clinical treatment methods cannot fully achieve periodontal tissue regeneration; thus, due to the unique characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), they have become the focus of attention and may be the most promising new therapy for periodontitis. Accumulating evidence supports the view that the role of MSCs in regenerative medicine is mainly achieved by the paracrine pathway rather than direct proliferation and differentiation at the injured site. Various cells release lipid-enclosed particles known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are rich in bioactive substances. In periodontitis, EVs play a pivotal role in regulating the biological functions of both periodontal tissue cells and immune cells, as well as the local microenvironment, thereby promoting periodontal injury repair and tissue regeneration. As a cell-free therapy, MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have some preponderance on stability, immune rejection, ethical supervision, and other problems; therefore, they may have a broad clinical application prospect. Herein, we gave a brief introduction to MSC-EVs and focused on their mechanisms and clinical application in periodontal regeneration.
Topics: Humans; Extracellular Vesicles; Periodontium; Periodontitis; Periodontal Ligament; Mesenchymal Stem Cells
PubMed: 36782259
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03242-6 -
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy 2019Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that can result in destruction of the tooth attachment apparatus. Therefore, periodontal tissue regeneration is currently an... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that can result in destruction of the tooth attachment apparatus. Therefore, periodontal tissue regeneration is currently an important focus of research in the field. Approaches using stem cells and reprogrammed cells, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or trans-differentiated cells, represent the cutting edge in periodontal regeneration, and have led to many trials for their clinical application. Objectives and Results: In this review, we consider all available stem cell sources, methods to obtain the cells, their capability to differentiate into the desired cells, and the extent of their utilization in periodontal regeneration. In addition, we introduce the new concepts of using iPSCs and transdifferentiated cells for periodontal regeneration. Finally, we discuss the promise of tissue engineering for improving cell therapy outcomes for periodontal regeneration.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite their limitations, iPSCs and trans-differentiated cells may be promising cell sources for periodontal tissue regeneration. Further collaborative investigation is required for the effective and safe application of these cells in combination with tissue engineering elements, like scaffolds and biosignals.
Topics: Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; Cellular Reprogramming; Cementogenesis; Dental Pulp; Dental Sac; Epithelial Attachment; Gingiva; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; Humans; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontitis; Periodontium; Regeneration; Regenerative Medicine; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 30112999
DOI: 10.2174/1574888X13666180816113456 -
Stem Cell Reviews 2008This paper is concerned about dental-derived stem cells and their characterization in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, since conventional periodontal techniques remain... (Review)
Review
This paper is concerned about dental-derived stem cells and their characterization in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, since conventional periodontal techniques remain insufficient to attain complete and reliable periodontal regeneration, the potential of dental-derived stem cells in promoting periodontal tissue regeneration is also reviewed.
Topics: Adult Stem Cells; Cell Differentiation; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Ligament; Regeneration; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 18278569
DOI: 10.1007/s12015-008-9011-7 -
Journal of the American Dental... Jul 1993Techniques in treating periodontal disease are discussed to provide insight about which technique fits each clinical situation. New developments provide possible... (Review)
Review
Techniques in treating periodontal disease are discussed to provide insight about which technique fits each clinical situation. New developments provide possible regeneration of new cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, resulting in a new periodontal attachment.
Topics: Animals; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; Bone Regeneration; Bone Transplantation; Calcium Phosphates; Dental Cementum; Growth Substances; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; Humans; Hydroxyapatites; Osteogenesis; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontium; Prostheses and Implants; Proteins; Regeneration; Subgingival Curettage
PubMed: 8335797
DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.1993.0257 -
Current Drug Targets 2021The prevalence of periodontitis is around 20-50% in the global population. If it is not treated, it can cause tooth loss. Periodontal treatment aims at preserving the... (Review)
Review
The prevalence of periodontitis is around 20-50% in the global population. If it is not treated, it can cause tooth loss. Periodontal treatment aims at preserving the patient's teeth from various damages, including infection control and restoring lost periodontal tissue. The periodontium has great biological regenerative potential, and several biomaterials can be used to improve the outcome of periodontal treatment. To achieve the goal of periodontal tissue regeneration, numerous studies have used fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) to stimulate the regeneration of both the soft tissue and bone. FGF2 induced a significant increment in the percentage of bone fill, bone mineral levels of the defect sites, length of the regenerated periodontal ligament, angiogenesis, connective tissue formation on the root surface, formation of dense fibers bound to the alveolar bone and newly synthesized cementum in teeth. This review will open further avenues to better understand the FGF2 therapy for periodontal regeneration.
Topics: Bone Regeneration; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontium
PubMed: 33153420
DOI: 10.2174/1389450121999201105152639 -
Veterinary Journal (London, England :... Dec 2012Equine periodontal disease (EPD) is a common and painful condition, the aetiology and pathology of which are poorly understood. To characterise the histopathological...
Equine periodontal disease (EPD) is a common and painful condition, the aetiology and pathology of which are poorly understood. To characterise the histopathological lesions associated with EPD, the skulls of 22 horses were assessed grossly for the presence of periodontal disease, and a standard set of interdental tissues taken from each for histopathological examination. Histological features of EPD included ulceration and neutrophilic inflammation of the gingival epithelium. Mononuclear and eosinophilic inflammation of the gingival lamina propria and submucosa was commonly present irrespective of the presence or degree of periodontal disease. Gingival hyperplasia was present to some degree in all horses, and was only weakly associated with the degree of periodontal disease. In all horses dental plaque was present at the majority of sites examined and was often associated with histological evidence of peripheral cemental erosion. Bacteria (including spirochaetes in four horses) were identified in gingival samples by Gram and silver impregnation techniques and were significantly associated with the presence of periodontal disease. This is the first study to describe histological features of EPD, and the first to identify associated spirochaetes in some cases. Histological features were variable, and there was considerable overlap of some features between the normal and diseased gingiva. Further investigation into the potential role of bacteria in the pathogenesis and progression of EPD is warranted.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Dental Plaque; Disease Progression; Female; Gingiva; Horse Diseases; Horses; Male; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontal Pocket; United Kingdom
PubMed: 22633827
DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.04.026 -
Molecular Medicine Reports Mar 2021The periodontium is a highly dynamic microenvironment constantly adapting to changing external conditions. In the processes of periodontal tissue formation and... (Review)
Review
The periodontium is a highly dynamic microenvironment constantly adapting to changing external conditions. In the processes of periodontal tissue formation and remodeling, certain molecules may serve an essential role in maintaining periodontal homeostasis. Wnt family member 5a (Wnt5a), as a member of the Wnt family, has been identified to have extensive biological roles in development and disease, predominantly through the non‑canonical Wnt signaling pathway or through interplay with the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. An increasing number of studies has also demonstrated that it serves crucial roles in periodontal tissues. Wnt5a participates in the development of periodontal tissues, maintains a non‑mineralized state of periodontal ligament, and regulates bone homeostasis. In addition, Wnt5a is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Recently, it has been shown to serve a positive role in the regeneration of integrated periodontal complex. The present review article focuses on recent research studies of Wnt5a and its functions in development, maintenance, and pathological disorders of periodontal tissues, as well as its potential effect on periodontal regeneration.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontitis; Regeneration; Wnt-5a Protein
PubMed: 33398377
DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11806 -
Dental Clinics of North America Jul 1991Guided tissue regeneration is an accepted technique to promote new attachment in periodontal therapy. It is supported by sound basic research indicating that the... (Review)
Review
Guided tissue regeneration is an accepted technique to promote new attachment in periodontal therapy. It is supported by sound basic research indicating that the definitive factor in the obtainment of regeneration is the source from which the cells repopulating the exposed root surface originate. These studies have indicated that cells proliferating from the periodontal ligament have the greatest potential for achieving new attachment. The use of barriers during periodontal surgery permits the possibility of periodontal ligament proliferation toward the exposed root at the same time that epithelial and gingival connective tissue proliferation is blocked. Studies in which Gore-Tex periodontal material has been used as a barrier have shown positive results in animal and clinical studies. Histologically, the formation of new cementum, bone, and periodontal ligament has been demonstrated. Clinically, beneficial results have been documented in the treatment of intrabony defects with three-wall, two- to three-wall, or funnel-shaped topography. Also, Class II furcations with or without a vertical component have been treated successfully by guided tissue regeneration.
Topics: Animals; Connective Tissue; Epithelial Attachment; Humans; Membranes, Artificial; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Ligament; Regeneration
PubMed: 1879572
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2020Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by periodontal bacteria. Recently, periodontal phototherapy, treatment using various types of lasers, has... (Review)
Review
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by periodontal bacteria. Recently, periodontal phototherapy, treatment using various types of lasers, has attracted attention. Photobiomodulation, the biological effect of low-power laser irradiation, has been widely studied. Although many types of lasers are applied in periodontal phototherapy, molecular biological effects of laser irradiation on cells in periodontal tissues are unclear. Here, we have summarized the molecular biological effects of diode, Nd:YAG, Er:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG, and CO lasers irradiation on cells in periodontal tissues. Photobiomodulation by laser irradiation enhanced cell proliferation and calcification in osteoblasts with altering gene expression. Positive effects were observed in fibroblasts on the proliferation, migration, and secretion of chemokines/cytokines. Laser irradiation suppressed gene expression related to inflammation in osteoblasts, fibroblasts, human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs), and endothelial cells. Furthermore, recent studies have revealed that laser irradiation affects cell differentiation in hPDLCs and stem cells. Additionally, some studies have also investigated the effects of laser irradiation on endothelial cells, cementoblasts, epithelial cells, osteoclasts, and osteocytes. The appropriate irradiation power was different for each laser apparatus and targeted cells. Thus, through this review, we tried to shed light on basic research that would ultimately lead to clinical application of periodontal phototherapy in the future.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Low-Level Light Therapy; Models, Biological; Periodontal Ligament; Regeneration
PubMed: 33256246
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239002 -
Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi =... Oct 2017The clinical management of periodontal disease is a global concern, and the regeneration of periodontal tissue defects due to periodontitis faces a huge challenge in the...
The clinical management of periodontal disease is a global concern, and the regeneration of periodontal tissue defects due to periodontitis faces a huge challenge in the field of regenerative dentistry. Although conventional periodontal therapies focusing on in flammation control could stop or delay the progression of the disease, periodontal regeneration remains an elusive but laudable goal. Since late 1980s, concerted efforts have been made to accelerate and augment periodontal repair by using guided tissue regeneration (GTR), guided bone regeneration (GBR) and a wide range of other regenerative paradigms. Those advances have largely improved the clinical outcomes of periodontal therapies. In the past several years of 21st century, many progresses were made in the developments of stem cell therapy and tissue engineering, including remarkable biological discoveries in the laboratory as well as great curative successes in preclinical scenarios. The use of the principles, techniques and procedures of tissue engineering in periodontology showed great potential to regenerate new functional periodontal tissues such as alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, root cementum and finally and predictably the normal structure and functionality of the periodontium around a previously diseased tooth.
Topics: Bone Regeneration; Dental Cementum; Disease Progression; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontics; Periodontitis; Periodontium; Regeneration; Stem Cell Transplantation; Tissue Engineering; Tooth Socket
PubMed: 29972934
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1002-0098.2017.10.006