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Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Oral... Jun 1962
Topics: Animals; Cricetinae; Down Syndrome; Gingival Diseases; Parvovirus; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontium; Rats; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 13863871
DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(62)90261-x -
Connective Tissue Research 2016Follicular dendritic cell-secreted protein (FDC-SP) has been found to be expressed in periodontal ligament (PDL), a layer of soft connective tissue between tooth root... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
Follicular dendritic cell-secreted protein (FDC-SP) has been found to be expressed in periodontal ligament (PDL), a layer of soft connective tissue between tooth root and alveolar bone, and involved in immunoreaction. This study was performed to explore the potential role of FDC-SP in periodontal disease.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) were stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and FDC-SP expression was examined by real-time PCR and western blot. Then this molecule was overexpressed or silenced in hPDLCs by transfection of FDC-SP expression plasmids or its small-interfering (si) RNA, respectively, and the effects of FDC-SP on expression of osteogenesis- and osteoclastogenesis-related genes in hPDLCs were analyzed by real-time PCR and western blot.
RESULTS
Our results showed that P. gingivalis LPS upregulated FDC-SP expression in hPDLCs. Overexpression of FDC-SP could decrease the expression of osteogenesis-related genes, increase the expression of osteoclastogenesis-related genes and RANKL/OPG ratio in hPDLCs. Meanwhile, silence of FDC-SP expression in hPDLCs remarkably inversed the above results.
CONCLUSIONS
LPS-induced upregulation of FDC-SP expression in hPDLCs may enhance osteoclastogenesis in periodontal disease.
Topics: Adult; Cells, Cultured; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Osteoclasts; Osteogenesis; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Ligament; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Proteins
PubMed: 26577469
DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1095892 -
Journal of Periodontology Aug 1982
Comparative Study Review
Topics: Bone Transplantation; Dental Cementum; Epithelial Attachment; Humans; Osteogenesis; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontium; Wound Healing
PubMed: 6750076
DOI: 10.1902/jop.1982.53.8.509 -
Periodontology 2000 Oct 2013Periodontitis is a highly prevalent inflammatory disease that results in damage to the tooth-supporting tissues, potentially leading to tooth loss. Periodontal tissue... (Review)
Review
Periodontitis is a highly prevalent inflammatory disease that results in damage to the tooth-supporting tissues, potentially leading to tooth loss. Periodontal tissue regeneration is a complex process that involves the collaboration of two hard tissues (cementum and alveolar bone) and two soft tissues (gingiva and periodontal ligament). To date, no periodontal-regenerative procedures provide predictable clinical outcomes. To understand the rational basis of regenerative procedures, a better understanding of the events associated with the formation of periodontal components will help to establish reliable strategies for clinical practice. An important aspect of this is the role of the Hertwig's epithelial root sheath in periodontal development and that of its descendants, the epithelial cell rests of Malassez, in the maintenance of the periodontium. An important structure during tooth root development, the Hertwig's epithelial root sheath is not only a barrier between the dental follicle and dental papilla cells but is also involved in determining the shape, size and number of roots and in the development of dentin and cementum, and may act as a source of mesenchymal progenitor cells for cementoblasts. In adulthood, the epithelial cell rests of Malassez are the only odontogenic epithelial population in the periodontal ligament. Although there is no general agreement on the functions of the epithelial cell rests of Malassez, accumulating evidence suggests that the putative roles of the epithelial cell rests of Malassez in adult periodontal ligament include maintaining periodontal ligament homeostasis to prevent ankylosis and maintain periodontal ligament space, to prevent root resorption, to serve as a target during periodontal ligament innervation and to contribute to cementum repair. Recently, ovine epithelial cell rests of Malassez cells have been shown to harbor clonogenic epithelial stem-cell populations that demonstrate similar properties to mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, both functionally and phenotypically. Therefore, the epithelial cell rests of Malassez, rather than being 'cell rests', as indicated by their name, are an important source of stem cells that might play a pivotal role in periodontal regeneration.
Topics: Animals; Cementogenesis; Dental Papilla; Dental Sac; Dentinogenesis; Epithelial Cells; Homeostasis; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Odontogenesis; Periodontal Ligament; Regeneration; Tooth Root
PubMed: 23931062
DOI: 10.1111/prd.12023 -
Journal of Dental Research Sep 2022Bone sialoprotein (gene: ; protein: BSP) is a multifunctional extracellular matrix protein present in bone, cementum, and dentin. Accumulating evidence supports BSP as a...
Bone sialoprotein (gene: ; protein: BSP) is a multifunctional extracellular matrix protein present in bone, cementum, and dentin. Accumulating evidence supports BSP as a key regulator of mineralized tissue formation via evolutionarily conserved functional domains, including a C-terminal integrin-binding Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) domain implicated in extracellular matrix-cell signaling. Ablation of in mice () results in impaired bone growth and mineralization and defective osteoclastogenesis, with effects in the craniofacial region including reduced acellular cementum formation, detachment of the periodontal ligament (PDL), alveolar bone hypomineralization, and severe periodontal breakdown. We hypothesized that BSP-RGD plays an important role in cementum and alveolar bone formation and mineralization, as well as periodontal function. This hypothesis was tested by replacing the RGD motif with a nonfunctional Lys-Ala-Glu (KAE) sequence in () mice and OCCM.30 murine () cementoblasts. The RGD domain was not critical for acellular or cellular cementum formation in mice. However, PDL volume and thickness were increased, and significantly more tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts were found on alveolar bone surfaces of mice versus wild type mice. PDL organization was disrupted as indicated by picrosirius red stain, second harmonic generation imaging, dynamic mechanical analysis, and decreased asporin proteoglycan localization. In vitro studies implicated RGD functions in cell migration, adhesion, and mineralization, and this was confirmed by an ossicle implant model where cells lacking BSP-RGD showed substantial defects as compared with controls. In total, the BSP-RGD domain is implicated in periodontal development, though the scale and scope of changes indicated by in vitro studies indicate that other factors may partially compensate for and reduce the phenotypic severity of mice lacking BSP-RGD in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Dental Cementum; Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein; Mice; Oligopeptides; Periodontal Ligament
PubMed: 35686360
DOI: 10.1177/00220345221100794 -
European Cells & Materials Jan 2023Periodontitis is a progressive disease that ultimately leads to bone and tooth loss. A major consequence of periodontal disease is the inability to regain lost bone in...
Periodontitis is a progressive disease that ultimately leads to bone and tooth loss. A major consequence of periodontal disease is the inability to regain lost bone in the periodontium. The importance was demonstrated of glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78) in the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells and their potential use for regeneration of the periodontium. Previous studies have shown the relationship between GRP78 and dentine matrix protein-1 (DMP1). The importance of this receptor-ligand complex in supporting the process of osteogenesis and angiogenesis was confirmed in this study. To show the function of GRP78 in mineralised tissues, transgenic periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were generated in which GRP78 was either overexpressed or silenced. Gene expression analysis of the cells cultured under osteogenic conditions showed an increase in key osteogenic genes with the overexpression of GRP78. RNA-Seq analysis was also performed to understand the transcriptome profile associated with genotype changes. Using the database for annotation, visualisation, and integration discovery (DAVID) for the functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes, the upregulation of genes promoting osteogenesis and angiogenesis with GRP78 overexpression was demonstrated. Alizarin red staining and scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed matrix mineralisation with increased calcium deposition in GRP78 overexpressing cells. The in vivo osteogenic and angiogenic function of GRP78 was shown using a subcutaneous implantation rodent model. The results suggested that GRP78 in PDLSCs can regulate the expression of both osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Therefore, GRP78 could be considered as a therapeutic target for repair of diseased periodontium.
Topics: Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; Osteogenesis; Periodontal Ligament; Stem Cells; Neovascularization, Physiologic
PubMed: 36683528
DOI: 10.22203/eCM.v045a02 -
Journal of Cellular Physiology Aug 2021Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PdLFs) are an elongated cell type in the periodontium with matrix and bone regulatory functions which become abnormal in periodontal...
Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PdLFs) are an elongated cell type in the periodontium with matrix and bone regulatory functions which become abnormal in periodontal disease (PD). Here we found that the normally elongated and oriented PdLF nucleus becomes rounded and loses orientation in a mouse model of PD. Using in vitro micropatterning of cultured primary PdLF cell shape, we show that PdLF elongation correlates with nuclear elongation and the presence of thicker, contractile F-actin fibers. The rounded nuclei in mouse PD models in vivo are, therefore, indicative of reduced actomyosin tension. Inhibiting actomyosin contractility by inhibiting myosin light chain kinase, Rho kinase or myosin ATPase activity, in cultured PdLFs each consistently reduced messenger RNA levels of bone regulatory protein osteoprotegerin (OPG). Infection of cultured PdLFs with two different types of periodontal bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum) failed to recapitulate the observed nuclear rounding in vivo, upregulated nonmuscle myosin II phosphorylation and downregulated OPG. Collectively, our results add support to the hypothesis that PdLF contractility becomes decreased and contributes to disease progression in PD.
Topics: Actomyosin; Animals; Cytokines; Fibroblasts; Interleukin-1beta; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Osteoprotegerin; Periodontal Ligament; Porphyromonas gingivalis
PubMed: 33400284
DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30256 -
Biomaterials Advances Feb 2024Periodontal diseases are one of the greatest healthcare burdens worldwide. The periodontal tissue compartment is an anatomical tissue interface formed from the... (Review)
Review
Periodontal diseases are one of the greatest healthcare burdens worldwide. The periodontal tissue compartment is an anatomical tissue interface formed from the periodontal ligament, gingiva, cementum, and bone. This multifaceted composition makes tissue engineering strategies challenging to develop due to the interface of hard and soft tissues requiring multiphase scaffolds to recreate the native tissue architecture. Multilayer constructs can better mimic tissue interfaces due to the individually tuneable layers. They have different characteristics in each layer, with modulation of mechanical properties, material type, porosity, pore size, morphology, degradation properties, and drug-releasing profile all possible. The greatest challenge of multilayer constructs is to mechanically integrate consecutive layers to avoid delamination, especially when using multiple manufacturing processes. Here, we review the development of multilayer scaffolds that aim to recapitulate native periodontal tissue interfaces in terms of physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Important properties of multiphasic biodegradable scaffolds are highlighted and summarised, with design requirements, biomaterials, and fabrication methods, as well as post-treatment and drug/growth factor incorporation discussed.
Topics: Tissue Scaffolds; Periodontium; Biocompatible Materials; Tissue Engineering; Periodontal Ligament
PubMed: 38134730
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213732 -
Cellular Microbiology Apr 2018Host-derived matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and bacterial proteases mediate destruction of extracellular matrices and supporting alveolar bone in periodontitis. The...
Host-derived matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and bacterial proteases mediate destruction of extracellular matrices and supporting alveolar bone in periodontitis. The Treponema denticola dentilisin protease induces MMP-2 expression and activation in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, and dentilisin-mediated activation of pro-MMP-2 is required for cellular fibronectin degradation. Here, we report that T. denticola regulates MMP-2 expression through epigenetic modifications in the periodontium. PDL cells were treated with epigenetic enzyme inhibitors before or after T. denticola challenge. Fibronectin fragmentation, MMP-2 expression, and activation were assessed by immunoblot, zymography, and qRT-PCR, respectively. Chromatin modification enzyme expression in T. denticola-challenged PDL cells and periodontal tissues were evaluated using gene arrays. Several classes of epigenetic enzymes showed significant alterations in transcription in diseased tissue and T. denticola-challenged PDL cells. T. denticola-mediated MMP-2 expression and activation were significantly reduced in PDL cells treated with inhibitors of aurora kinases and histone deacetylases. In contrast, DNA methyltransferase inhibitors had little effect, and inhibitors of histone acetyltransferases, methyltransferases, and demethylases exacerbated T. denticola-mediated MMP-2 expression and activation. Chronic epigenetic changes in periodontal tissues mediated by T. denticola or other oral microbes may contribute to the limited success of conventional treatment of chronic periodontitis and may be amenable to therapeutic reversal.
Topics: Cells, Cultured; Epigenesis, Genetic; Histone Code; Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; Periodontal Ligament; Treponema denticola
PubMed: 29205773
DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12815 -
Journal of Endodontics Aug 2011The use of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) techniques has been proposed as an adjunct to endodontic surgery in order to promote bone healing. Studies assessing the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
The use of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) techniques has been proposed as an adjunct to endodontic surgery in order to promote bone healing. Studies assessing the added benefits of GTR for the outcome of endodontic surgery are significantly variable in their treatment protocols, follow-up periods, and inclusion criteria, thus generating inconsistent and confusing results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of GTR on the outcome of surgical endodontic treatment by means of a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis.
METHODS
An exhaustive literature search combined with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria was undertaken to identify clinical studies that assessed the added benefit of GTR in endodontic surgery.
RESULTS
A trend of better outcome was found when GTR was used compared to control cases, but the results were not statistically significant. Lesion size, lesion type, and membrane type were identified as factors significantly affecting the outcome of GTR versus control cases. GTR techniques favorably affected the outcome of surgical endodontic treatments in cases of large periapical lesions and through-and-through lesions. A favorable outcome was found when using a resorbable membrane over using a nonresorbable membrane or graft alone.
CONCLUSIONS
GTR techniques may improve the outcome of bone regeneration after surgical endodontic treatments of teeth with certain lesions. Additional large-scale prospective clinical studies are needed to further evaluate possible benefits of GTR techniques in endodontic surgery.
Topics: Apicoectomy; Bone Regeneration; Dental Cementum; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; Humans; Membranes, Artificial; Periapical Diseases; Periapical Tissue; Periodontal Ligament; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Regeneration; Tooth Apex; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 21763891
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.05.016