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BMJ Case Reports Feb 2021A 10-year-old child had painful periorbital swelling in the left eye. It was diagnosed as preseptal cellulitis and treated with oral antibiotics. Three days later, the...
A 10-year-old child had painful periorbital swelling in the left eye. It was diagnosed as preseptal cellulitis and treated with oral antibiotics. Three days later, the ocular condition worsened so the child was referred for further management. On examination, the child had a temperature of 102 °F. Ocular examination revealed proptosis, restricted ocular movements and a relative afferent pupillary defect in the left eye. Ocular examination of the right eye was normal. There was a history of recurrent episodes of cold in the past. CT scan orbit and sinuses revealed signs of orbital cellulitis with sinusitis on the left side. The child was treated with parenteral antibiotics and endoscopic sinus surgery. A child presenting with unilateral periorbital swelling needs to be thoroughly evaluated. It is important to differentiate orbital cellulitis from preseptal cellulitis. Orbital cellulitis is an emergency and delay in diagnosis can lead to vision and life-threatening intracranial complications.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cellulitis; Child; Delayed Diagnosis; Edema; Endoscopy; Exophthalmos; Humans; Male; Ophthalmoplegia; Orbital Cellulitis; Pupil Disorders; Sinusitis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 33526520
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237487 -
Developments in Ophthalmology 2002
Review
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Humans; Infections; Ophthalmology; Orbital Diseases
PubMed: 12236130
DOI: 10.1159/000065922 -
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Apr 1987
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Cellulitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Orbit; Orbital Diseases; Paranasal Sinuses
PubMed: 3455657
DOI: 10.1097/00006454-198704000-00012 -
Diagnostic Cytopathology Jul 2011Fungal infections of the orbit represent a small minority of orbital infections. However, due to the virulent nature of some of the fungal species, they can have a...
Fungal infections of the orbit represent a small minority of orbital infections. However, due to the virulent nature of some of the fungal species, they can have a devastating effect on ocular functions. Most of these fungi are saprophytes, which cause opportunistic infections. Aspergillus is one such fungus that can cause infection at various sites in an immunosuppressed individual. Sinonasal aspergillus infection with orbital extension and orbital aspergillus infection progress relentlessly. They can have a precipitous clinical course resulting in total loss of vision. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is rarely used as a preoperative diagnostic tool in the investigation of orbital mass lesions. Further, fungal infections of orbit are seldom diagnosed on FNAC. Two cases of fungal infection of the orbital and periorbital tissue diagnosed on FNAC are presented. A 50-year-old diabetic male presented with diminishing vision, pain, and forward protrusion of the left eye. On examination, he had upper eye lid fullness. A 55-year-old diabetic male presented with a swelling on the right upper eye lid. The patients were evaluated radiologically and then subjected to FNAC. The smears showed giant cells, histiocytes, epithelioid granulomas, and fungal hyphae. A diagnosis of fungal infection was arrived at which was subsequently confirmed by culture and biopsy. Orbital aspergillus infection can have a precipitous course. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the orbit provide crucial information. However, FNAC can help in making an early definitive diagnosis of fungal infection and thus obviate the need for a biopsy.
Topics: Aspergillosis; Aspergillus; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Diabetes Mellitus; Early Diagnosis; Eye Infections, Fungal; Eyelids; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Orbit; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 21695805
DOI: 10.1002/dc.21488 -
Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery Jun 2014Abstract: A female American kestrel (Falco spaverius) fledgling was found on the ground with a suspected trauma to the right eye and open-mouth breathing. During the...
American kestrel (Falco spaverius) fledgling with severe bilateral periorbital swelling and infection with Mycoplasma buteonis, Avibacterium (Pasteurella) gallinarum, and Staphylococcus pasteuri.
Abstract: A female American kestrel (Falco spaverius) fledgling was found on the ground with a suspected trauma to the right eye and open-mouth breathing. During the first 2 days of hospitalization, the bird developed severe bilateral periorbital cellulitis, blepharoedema, and sinusitis. The periocular tissues of the right globe were devitalized and communicated with a fistula at the commissure of the right side of the beak. The blepharoedema of the left eye was aspirated and yielded a dark colored malodorous fluid, which was submitted for aerobic bacterial and Mycoplasma cultures. Results showed a mixed infection with Mycoplasma buteonis, Avibacterium gallinarum, and Staphylococcus pasteuri, all of which are not commonly isolated from birds of prey. With antimicrobial therapy, supportive care, and surgical debridement of the right periocular necrotic tissues and adhesed phthisical globe, the kestrel recovered from this severe mixed upper respiratory infection.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bird Diseases; Eye Diseases; Falconiformes; Female; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections; Pasteurella; Pasteurella Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 25115041
DOI: 10.1647/2013-021 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Dec 2020is a lymphatic nematode that accounts for approximately 10% of lymphatic filariasis cases worldwide. It is endemic in several countries in South and Southeast Asia. In...
is a lymphatic nematode that accounts for approximately 10% of lymphatic filariasis cases worldwide. It is endemic in several countries in South and Southeast Asia. In Thailand, . is endemic in the southern region. The extralymphatic presentation of . is rare. Here, we report the case of a woman residing in the central region of Thailand who presented with an erythematous periorbital nodule at the left medial canthal area caused by lymphatic filaria. A viable sexually mature filarial adult was removed from the lesion. The nematode species was identified as by histology staining and DNA sequencing of the partial mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. As far as we know, this is the first case report of . presenting with a periorbital nodule that has occurred in a disease non-endemic area of Thailand with possibly a zoonotic origin.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Brugia malayi; DNA, Helminth; Elephantiasis, Filarial; Eye Infections, Parasitic; Female; Humans; Lacrimal Apparatus; Orbit; RNA, Ribosomal; Thailand; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 32959768
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0853 -
The Journal of Laryngology and Otology Jul 2015Periorbital infections represent a spectrum of sepsis that carries potentially significant morbidity and mortality. Early recognition, systematic assessment and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
BACKGROUND
Periorbital infections represent a spectrum of sepsis that carries potentially significant morbidity and mortality. Early recognition, systematic assessment and aggressive treatment of the condition are essential.
METHODS
A retrospective five-year case note review on the management of periorbital infections was performed at a tertiary centre. A literature review on the management of periorbital infections was also undertaken. A multidisciplinary guideline on the management of periorbital infections was developed based on the findings of the case and literature reviews.
RESULTS
The results of the retrospective case series correlate well with those of recent reports.
CONCLUSION
The new multidisciplinary guideline has been finalised and approved for practice and future auditing.
Topics: Eye Infections; Humans; Orbital Diseases; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 26059425
DOI: 10.1017/S0022215115001371 -
Ophthalmology Mar 1983The clinical features, microbiologic data, complications, and treatment in 137 children with periorbital cellulitis and 21 children with orbital cellulitis is presented....
The clinical features, microbiologic data, complications, and treatment in 137 children with periorbital cellulitis and 21 children with orbital cellulitis is presented. Periorbital cellulitis was more frequent (87%) than orbital cellulitis (13%). Periorbital cellulitis is a heterogeneous disease that may complicate trauma of the eyelids, external ocular infection, and upper respiratory infection. Children with periorbital cellulitis related to trauma or external infection tended to be less than 5 years old with negative blood cultures (99%) and positive cultures of percutaneous aspirates (42%); while children with periorbital cellulitis related to upper respiratory infection also tended to be less than 5 years of age, but blood cultures were frequently positive (42%) and cultures of percutaneous aspirates were usually negative (92%). Three children in the latter group developed meningitis. Intravenous antibiotic alone was effective treatment in most patients (90%). Orbital cellulitis was more frequent in children older than 5 years and frequently associated with sinusitis (90%). Blood and skin cultures were usually negative. Intravenous antibiotics alone were effective management in many patients (62%), but a significant proportion required paranasal sinus or orbital surgery (38%).
Topics: Bacterial Infections; Cellulitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Orbital Diseases; Sinusitis
PubMed: 6866441
DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(83)34573-5 -
The Journal of Emergency Medicine 1984Facial and periorbital cellulitis require emergent recognition and treatment. Hemophilus influenzae type B is the most common pathogen, with Streptococcus pneumoniae...
Facial and periorbital cellulitis require emergent recognition and treatment. Hemophilus influenzae type B is the most common pathogen, with Streptococcus pneumoniae being cultured less frequently. Infections following injury are usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus and group A streptococci. Initial evaluation must exclude more severe orbital involvement. Appropriate bacteriological specimens should be obtained. Management requires parenteral antibiotics and careful monitoring for a clinical response or dissemination to other sites of infection.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Cellulitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Facial Dermatoses; Haemophilus Infections; Humans; Orbital Diseases; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections
PubMed: 6386969
DOI: 10.1016/0736-4679(84)90071-4 -
Indian Journal of Pathology &... 2010Dirofilaria is a parasite of domestic and wild animals that can infect humans accidentally. It is being reported in increasing numbers from Mediterranean countries like... (Review)
Review
Dirofilaria is a parasite of domestic and wild animals that can infect humans accidentally. It is being reported in increasing numbers from Mediterranean countries like Italy. In India this infection is occasionally being reported. We report three cases of ocular dirofilariasis from the state of Assam presenting as periorbital and subconjunctival cysts. The parasites were identified as Dirofilaria repens. The purpose of this article is to take note of this emerging zoonosis in Assam; also to review literature in the cases reported.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Communicable Diseases, Emerging; Dirofilaria; Dirofilariasis; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; India; Male; Young Adult
PubMed: 20090252
DOI: 10.4103/0377-4929.59213