-
PloS One 2015The sympathetic nervous system controls bone remodeling by regulating bone formation and resorption. How nerves and bone cells influence each other remains elusive. Here...
The sympathetic nervous system controls bone remodeling by regulating bone formation and resorption. How nerves and bone cells influence each other remains elusive. Here we modulated the content or activity of the neuropeptide Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide to investigate nerve-bone cell interplays in the mandible periosteum by assessing factors involved in nerve and bone behaviors. Young adult rats were chemically sympathectomized or treated with Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide or Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide10-28, a receptor antagonist. Sympathectomy depleted the osteogenic layer of the periosteum in neurotrophic proNerve Growth Factor and neurorepulsive semaphorin3a; sensory Calcitonin-Gene Related Peptide-positive fibers invaded this layer physiologically devoid of sensory fibers. In the periosteum non-osteogenic layer, sympathectomy activated mast cells to release mature Nerve Growth Factor while Calcitonin-Gene Related Peptide-positive fibers increased. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide treatment reversed sympathectomy effects. Treating intact animals with Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide increased proNerve Growth Factor expression and stabilized mast cells. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide10-28 treatment mimicked sympathectomy effects. Our data suggest that sympathetic Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide modulate the interactions between nervous fibers and bone cells by tuning expressions by osteogenic cells of factors responsible for mandible periosteum maintenance while osteogenic cells keep nervous fibers at a distance from the bone surface.
Topics: Animals; Male; Mandible; Nerve Fibers; Nerve Growth Factors; Osteoblasts; Periosteum; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
PubMed: 26509533
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140848 -
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Nov 2017To evaluate the success level of autogenous periosteum in sinus lifting as a barrier membrane which contributes positively to wound healing and is effective in bone...
AIM
To evaluate the success level of autogenous periosteum in sinus lifting as a barrier membrane which contributes positively to wound healing and is effective in bone formation without the risk of tissue rejection.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this study, 32 male New Zealand rabbits were used and were divided into four groups, in which eight rabbits were placed randomly. Sinus lifting with lateral window technique was applied bilaterally to all rabbits. In the first group, the upper face of the graft materials applied was left open. In the second group, the removed bone walls were placed back over the graft materials. In the third group, synthetic membranes were placed over the graft materials. In the fourth group, the autogenous periosteums obtained from tibias of the rabbits were placed over the graft materials. After 6 weeks, the rabbits in all groups were sacrificed, and the operated regions were examined histologically, and stereological assessments were conducted regarding new bone formation, connective tissue, and osteoblasts.
RESULTS
After a 6-week recovery period, synthetic membrane showed the highest success rate regarding new bone formation. Autogenous periosteum, which achieved the second highest success rate regarding new bone formation, was the first in the number of osteoblasts.
CONCLUSION
Autogenous periosteum was considered to have the potential to be an alternative to synthetic membranes.
Topics: Animals; Bone Transplantation; Humans; Male; Maxillary Sinus; Oral Surgical Procedures; Osteogenesis; Periosteum; Rabbits; Wound Healing
PubMed: 29303134
DOI: 10.4103/1119-3077.187314 -
Cell Reports. Medicine Nov 2022Bone repair requires the mobilization of stem cells from outer periosteum and inner bone marrow. A study by Jeffery et al. shows that periosteal stem cells are...
Bone repair requires the mobilization of stem cells from outer periosteum and inner bone marrow. A study by Jeffery et al. shows that periosteal stem cells are dedicated to repairing a large defect and regenerating both bone and marrow stroma.
Topics: Periosteum; Osteogenesis; Stem Cells; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Arthrodesis
PubMed: 36384090
DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100807 -
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology Apr 2017The orbital periosteum is considered to be a barrier to tumor spread; however, it is difficult to evaluate microscopic tumor spread during surgery. This study aimed to...
OBJECTIVE
The orbital periosteum is considered to be a barrier to tumor spread; however, it is difficult to evaluate microscopic tumor spread during surgery. This study aimed to assess the impact of pathological status in orbital preservation surgery.
METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed the 3-year local control rate and treatment outcomes of patients with malignant tumors invading the orbit who were treated between 2006 and 2012.
RESULTS
In total, 27 patients were reviewed over a median follow-up period of 36 months. Pathologically, 19 had carcinomas and 8 had sarcomas. Treatment was by orbital exenteration in 6 patients and orbital preservation surgery in 21 patients. After orbital preservation surgery, poorer 3-year local control rates were significantly associated with positive surgical margins (negative vs. positive: 91% vs. 41%, P = 0.040) and microscopic orbital periosteum invasion (negative vs. positive: 90% vs. 39%, P = 0.010). These factors were independent risk factors in multivariate analysis. The locations of the positive margin were most common at the horizontal and vertical margins of the orbital periosteum and the posterior margin of the orbital apex. Moreover, in 24% of patients, invasion evaluation by preoperative imaging study was underestimated compared with postoperative microscopic evaluation.
CONCLUSIONS
The positive surgical margin and microscopic orbital periosteum invasion were the risk factors of orbital recurrence. It is difficult to determine the indications for orbital preservation surgery by preoperative imaging studies because of the unpredictable accurate pathological status before surgery and the limitations of preoperative imaging evaluation.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Orbit; Periosteum; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 28100683
DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyw207 -
Stem Cells Translational Medicine Dec 2016: An abundance of surgical studies during the past 2 centuries provide empirical evidence of periosteum's regenerative power for reconstructing tissues as diverse as...
UNLABELLED
: An abundance of surgical studies during the past 2 centuries provide empirical evidence of periosteum's regenerative power for reconstructing tissues as diverse as trachea and bone. This study aimed to develop quantitative, efficacy-based measures, thereby providing translational guidelines for the use of periosteum to harness the body's own healing potential and generate target tissues. The current study quantitatively and qualitatively demonstrated tissue generation modulated by a periosteum substitute membrane that replicates the structural constituents of native periosteum (elastin, collagen, progenitor cells) and its barrier, extracellular, and cellular properties. It shows the potentiation of the periosteum's regenerative capacity through the progenitor cells that inhabit the tissue, biological factors intrinsic to the extracellular matrix of periosteum, and mechanobiological factors related to implant design and implementation. In contrast to the direct intramembranous bone generated in defects surrounded by patent periosteum in situ, tissue generation in bone defects bounded by the periosteum substitute implant occurred primarily via endochondral mechanisms whereby cartilage was first generated and then converted to bone. In addition, in defects treated with the periosteum substitute, tissue generation was highest along the major centroidal axis, which is most resistant to prevailing bending loads. Taken together, these data indicate the possibility of designing modular periosteum substitute implants that can be tuned for vectorial and spatiotemporal delivery of biological agents and facilitation of target tissue genesis for diverse surgical scenarios and regenerative medicine approaches. It also underscores the potential to develop physical therapy protocols to maximize tissue genesis via the implant's mechanoactive properties.
SIGNIFICANCE
In the past 2 centuries, the periosteum, a niche for stem cells and super-smart biological material, has been used empirically in surgery to repair tissues as diverse as trachea and bone. In the past 25 years, the number of articles indexed in PubMed for the keywords "periosteum and tissue engineering" and "periosteum and regenerative medicine" has burgeoned. Yet the biggest limitation to the prescriptive use of periosteum is lack of easy access, giving impetus to the development of periosteum substitutes. Recent studies have opened up the possibility to bank periosteal tissues (e.g., from the femoral neck during routine resection for implantation of hip replacements). This study used an interdisciplinary, quantitative approach to assess tissue genesis in modular periosteum substitute implants, with the aim to provide translational strategies for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
Topics: Animals; Bone Regeneration; Bone Substitutes; Collagen; Fluorescent Dyes; Osteogenesis; Periosteum; Prostheses and Implants; Sheep; Tissue Engineering; X-Ray Microtomography
PubMed: 27465072
DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0004 -
Journal of Anatomy Aug 1990Specimens of skull and palate were taken from 7 beagle dogs after perfusion and the periosteum examined by light and electron microscopy. Three zones were evident in the...
Specimens of skull and palate were taken from 7 beagle dogs after perfusion and the periosteum examined by light and electron microscopy. Three zones were evident in the periosteum, differing in terms of the proportion of cells, fibres and matrix. Zone I consisted of osteoblasts adjacent to the bone surface and a supraosteoblast layer of smaller, compact cells, Zone II was a relatively translucent zone with numerous capillaries and Zone III consisted of cells intermingled with collagen fibrils. Quantification of the relative volumes of tissue components using stereology indicated significant differences between the three zones in each bony site, but not between the two sites. Measurement of numerical density, surface density, profile cross-sectional area, cell volume and cell surface/volume ratio of fibroblast-like cells revealed marked differences between these cells in Zone I and the other two zones; it is possible that the fibroblast-like cells seen in Zone I represent osteoprogenitor cells. Zone II represents the classical cambial layer and contains the majority of the vascular elements present in the periosteum. Zone III contains large volumes of fibroblasts and collagen fibrils and corresponds to the classical fibrous layer. The similarity of this zonal organisation in different regions suggests that periosteum has a consistent structure in membrane bone.
Topics: Animals; Capillaries; Collagen; Dogs; Fibroblasts; Osteoblasts; Palate; Periosteum; Skull
PubMed: 2081707
DOI: No ID Found -
Nihon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkai Zasshi.... Jun 1999The periosteal membrane covers the cortical bone except for the articular surface. The deep layer of the periosteum contains bone-forming mesenchymal cells, capillaries,...
The periosteal membrane covers the cortical bone except for the articular surface. The deep layer of the periosteum contains bone-forming mesenchymal cells, capillaries, and nerves. This layer is more active in infants than in adults. Prostaglandin osteopathy, infantile cortical hyperostosis, hypervitaminosis A, and congenital syphilis are examples of periostitis in infants. Incidental asymptomatic periosteal reactions are usually either physiological changes or cortical bone irregularities simulating periostitis. On the other hand, symptomatic periosteal reactions of single bone, such as bone tumor, tumor-like lesion, infection, and trauma, are always pathologic. Careful radiological analysis of periosteal reactions is needed to evaluate the activity and aggressiveness of the lesions. Periosteal reactions of multiple bones usually show solid smooth or undulating patterns. They include pachydermoperiostosis, secondary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, vascular insufficiency, renal osteodystrophy, and thyroid acropachy. These are usually skeletal manifestations of systemic disorders.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Periosteum; Periostitis; Radiography
PubMed: 10429428
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related... Oct 1984A review of experimental work relating to the function of the periosteum, beginning with that of Macewen in 1912, is of special interest to clinicians. Macewen's failure...
A review of experimental work relating to the function of the periosteum, beginning with that of Macewen in 1912, is of special interest to clinicians. Macewen's failure to obtain new-bone formation following the subperiosteal removal of the radius was due to a technique that obliterated the space, an occurrence that is inevitable in total excision. The periosteum without an associated hematoma in contact with bone has no evident bone-forming properties. Except in avulsion fractures, the periosteum provides mechanical connection between the two bone fragments and is the vehicle for the revascularization of the contents of the periosteal tube. Loss of this continuity is one of the causes of fibrous union in avulsion fractures. In developing countries, delayed and unsatisfactory treatment of fractures provides valuable clinical information in the role of the periosteum. Destruction of the periosteum along with the bony shaft in extensive untreated osteomyelitis results in a missing segment of a major bone.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Dogs; Femoral Fractures; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Osteogenesis; Osteomyelitis; Periosteum; Radiography; Rats; Wound Healing
PubMed: 6478702
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery Jan 2015The aim of this study is to elucidate the tensile strength of the periosteum relating to facial rejuvenation surgeries.Twelve hemifaces of 6 formalin-fixed Korean adult...
The aim of this study is to elucidate the tensile strength of the periosteum relating to facial rejuvenation surgeries.Twelve hemifaces of 6 formalin-fixed Korean adult cadavers were used. Two horizontal incision lines were made 3 cm above the supraorbital rim and 1 cm below the infraorbital rim. Another 2 vertical incisions were on the medial orbital rim and 2 cm lateral to the lateral orbital rim. Elevated flaps were turned over, and the undersurfaces of the periosteum were exposed. A silk string was passed below the periosteum with a 3-mm bite and wound. A 3-cm loop was made, and this was pulled away using the tensiometer. The breaking strength was measured.The breaking strengths of the periosteum were different according to the location (P = 0.000, analysis of variation). The strongest point was 2 cm above the supraorbital rim at the medial one third of the orbit (14.05 [2.50] N) followed by 1 cm above the frontozygomatic suture (13.35 [4.70] N). The weakest point was the infraorbital rim at the lateral one third of the orbit (6.93 [3.76] N) followed by the lateral orbital rim at the level of the lateral canthus (7.60 [3.49] N). Breaking strengths of the periosteum of the medial side (11.44 [3.83] N) were significantly greater (P = 0.021, t-test) than the lateral side (9.32 [3.76] N). In the supraorbital area, the breaking strengths of the periosteum of the upper points (12.91 [3.00] N) were significantly greater (P = 0.000, t-test) than the lower points (9.36 [2.76] N).The results of this study can be of use when choosing a fixation point in rejuvenation surgeries.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomechanical Phenomena; Cadaver; Cosmetic Techniques; Eyelids; Face; Female; Frontal Bone; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Orbit; Periosteum; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Rejuvenation; Silk; Surgical Flaps; Sutures; Tensile Strength; Zygoma
PubMed: 25569400
DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000001198 -
Orthopedics Aug 2002
Topics: Adult; Bone Neoplasms; Chondrosarcoma; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Periosteum; Radiography; Tibia; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 12195911
DOI: 10.3928/0147-7447-20020801-15