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Fertility and Sterility Jul 1993To review and evaluate published studies that have examined the role of peritoneal fluid (PF) in the development of endometriosis. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review and evaluate published studies that have examined the role of peritoneal fluid (PF) in the development of endometriosis.
DESIGN
Important studies related to this topic have been identified through a computerized bibliographical search (MEDLINE), as well as by manually scanning the published literature of major reproductive journals over the last several years.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Studies that examined the effect of PF or its components on the pathophysiology of endometriosis are discussed. These include reported effects on the histogenesis, maintenance and proliferation of endometriosis, as well as related actions on infertility.
RESULTS
The majority of investigations into the role PF plays in the pathogenesis of endometriosis have evaluated how it may adversely affect fertility. Suggestive but inconclusive data in the literature indicate that degenerating endometrial tissue may release a biochemical factor(s) into the peritoneal environment that is capable of inducing ectopic endometrium formation. Peritoneal fluid itself contains growth factor that may play a role in the implantation and maintenance of the ectopic endometrium.
CONCLUSIONS
The PF of women with endometriosis has been shown to contain angiogenic as well as other growth factors. These compounds may contribute to the proliferation of the ectopic endometrium.
Topics: Ascitic Fluid; Endometriosis; Female; Growth Substances; Humans; Macrophages; Menstruation; Metaplasia
PubMed: 8513924
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of Clinical Biochemistry Sep 2010Ascitic fluid samples are frequently sent to the laboratory for analysis. Although the underlying cause of the ascites is often thought to be clinically obvious, it is... (Review)
Review
Ascitic fluid samples are frequently sent to the laboratory for analysis. Although the underlying cause of the ascites is often thought to be clinically obvious, it is important to establish a definitive diagnosis. The value of a cell count and bacterial culture of the ascitic fluid is not disputed, but the role of biochemical testing is less clear. The use of ascitic fluid total protein to try to classify ascitic fluids as either an exudate or a transudate has contributed to this. The use of the physiologically based serum ascites albumin gradient to differentiate ascites caused by portal hypertension from other causes provides a better diagnostic approach. We recommend that the serum ascites albumin gradient is performed by laboratories as the first-line test and that interpretative reports are provided. Additional testing should be restricted to specific diagnostic queries and requires close collaboration between the laboratory and the clinician.
Topics: Ascites; Ascitic Fluid; Clinical Chemistry Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Exudates and Transudates; Humans; Specimen Handling
PubMed: 20595402
DOI: 10.1258/acb.2010.010048 -
National Cancer Institute Monograph Oct 1975Peritoneal fluid in women is very sensitive to many physiologic and pathologic gynecologic and obstetric conditions. Peritoneal fluid specimens can be obtained from...
Peritoneal fluid in women is very sensitive to many physiologic and pathologic gynecologic and obstetric conditions. Peritoneal fluid specimens can be obtained from women easily by culdocentesis. Routine assay for the presence or absence of malignant cells in peritoneal fluid from women with early ovarian cancer is indicated to determine the prognosis for the patient and the necessity for further therapy. The serial cytologic and biochemical evaluation of peritoneal fluid seems to be the best currently available means to determine persistent or recurrent ovarian cancer as well as to monitor therapy in a woman with normal clinical and roentgenographic examinations.
Topics: Animals; Ascitic Fluid; Cytodiagnosis; Female; Humans; Mass Screening; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental; Ovarian Neoplasms
PubMed: 1234638
DOI: No ID Found -
Obstetrics and Gynecology May 1999To evaluate urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in peritoneal fluid.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in peritoneal fluid.
METHODS
We prospectively evaluated 20 consecutive women having radical hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy. On postoperative days 2 and 3, serum, urine, and peritoneal fluid samples were tested for urea nitrogen and creatinine. Using power analysis we calculated an adequate sample size to be 16 patients.
RESULTS
The mean urea nitrogen was 11 mg/dL in serum, 11 mg/dL in peritoneal fluid, and 469 mg/dL in urine. The mean creatinine was .9 mg/dL in serum, 1.0 mg/dL in peritoneal fluid, and 141 mg/dL in urine. Urea nitrogen and creatinine values in peritoneal fluid and serum were essentially identical. Urine urea nitrogen and creatinine values were significantly greater than serum and peritoneal values (47 to 157 times greater) (P < .011). On postoperative days 2 and 3, serial levels of serum, peritoneal fluid, and urine urea nitrogen and creatinine in the same subject showed no significant variation (P ranging from .19 to .31).
CONCLUSION
Normal reference values of urea nitrogen and creatinine in peritoneal fluid are equivalent to serum values and significantly less than urine levels.
Topics: Adult; Ascitic Fluid; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Creatine; Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Lymph Node Excision; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Reference Values
PubMed: 10912986
DOI: 10.1016/s0029-7844(98)00516-x -
Veterinary Clinical Pathology May 2024
Topics: Animals; Horses; Ascitic Fluid; Horse Diseases; Female; Male
PubMed: 37947167
DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13300 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Nov 1979
Review
Topics: Abdomen; Animals; Ascitic Fluid; Horse Diseases; Horses; Punctures
PubMed: 399709
DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9846(17)30184-2 -
Human Reproduction (Oxford, England) Dec 1999Endometriosis, one of the most prevalent gynaecological disorders, may affect fertility. Extensive research has been done in an attempt to understand the pathogenesis of... (Review)
Review
Endometriosis, one of the most prevalent gynaecological disorders, may affect fertility. Extensive research has been done in an attempt to understand the pathogenesis of endometriosis and its association with reproductive failure. It has been suggested that the disease affects almost any step of reproduction, but data are mostly controversial so it is difficult to draw clear conclusions from studies that have been done so far. Not only is peritoneal fluid in close proximity to endometriotic lesions, but it is also the environment in which early reproductive events take place. Studies on the peritoneal fluid in endometriosis have provided significant data towards an understanding of this disease. Immunological factors play a key role in determining the occurrence of endometriosis as well as its heterogenous symptoms. Since data also indicate that there are immunological differences between infertile and fertile women with endometriosis, recent studies have been designed to take these differences into consideration. This review will discuss the mechanisms by which endometriosis may affect fertility, and an emphasis will be placed on the relevance of the peritoneal fluid.
Topics: Ascitic Fluid; Embryo Implantation; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Endometriosis; Female; Fertilization; Humans; Infertility, Female; Ovulation; Reproduction
PubMed: 10690802
DOI: 10.1093/humrep/14.suppl_2.67 -
The Journal of Clinical Investigation Apr 2024Cancer-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are capable of modifying the tumor microenvironment and promoting tumor progression. Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is a lethal... (Observational Study)
Observational Study Clinical Trial
Cancer-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are capable of modifying the tumor microenvironment and promoting tumor progression. Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is a lethal malignancy that preferentially spreads through the abdominal cavity. Thus, the secretion of such vesicles into the peritoneal fluid could be a determinant factor in the dissemination and behavior of this disease. We designed a prospective observational study to assess the impact of peritoneal fluid-derived sEVs (PFD-sEVs) in OvCa clinical outcome. For this purpose, 2 patient cohorts were enrolled: patients with OvCa who underwent a diagnostic or cytoreductive surgery and nononcological patients, who underwent abdominal surgery for benign gynecological conditions and acted as the control group. Systematic extraction of PFD-sEVs from surgical samples enabled us to observe significant quantitative and qualitative differences associated with cancer diagnosis, disease stage, and platinum chemosensitivity. Proteomic profiling of PFD-sEVs led to the identification of molecular pathways and proteins of interest and to the biological validation of S100A4 and STX5. In addition, unsupervised analysis of PFD-sEV proteomic profiles in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOCs) revealed 2 clusters with different outcomes in terms of overall survival. In conclusion, comprehensive characterization of PFD-sEV content provided a prognostic value with potential implications in HGSOC clinical management.
Topics: Humans; Female; Ovarian Neoplasms; Extracellular Vesicles; Ascitic Fluid; Middle Aged; Proteomics; Aged; Prospective Studies; Neoplasm Proteins; Adult
PubMed: 38564289
DOI: 10.1172/JCI176161 -
Fertility and Sterility Feb 1994
Topics: Ascitic Fluid; Endometriosis; Estradiol; Female; Humans; Progesterone
PubMed: 8299807
DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)56542-x -
Journal of Veterinary Emergency and... Jan 2021To estimate the frequency and amount of free peritoneal fluid in juvenile and adult dogs using the abdominal focused assessment with sonography for trauma (AFAST)...
OBJECTIVE
To estimate the frequency and amount of free peritoneal fluid in juvenile and adult dogs using the abdominal focused assessment with sonography for trauma (AFAST) abdominal fluid scoring system.
DESIGN
Prospective case series.
ANIMALS
Healthy, privately owned juvenile and adult dogs.
PROCEDURES
Dogs undergoing routine surgical sterilization were evaluated at induction with AFAST and assigned measurements and fluid scores. A surgeon scored the degree of peritoneal fluid found during ovariohysterectomy.
RESULTS
Ninety-two dogs were enrolled (46 juveniles and 46 adults). Ninety-three percent and 52% were AFAST positive for peritoneal fluid, respectively. The AFAST-positive view frequency for right lateral recumbency in juveniles was diaphragmatico-hepatic (DH) 100%, spleno-renal (SR) 20%, cysto-colic (CC) 40%, and hepato-renal (HR) 20% versus adults, DH 60%, SR 20%, CC 0%, and HR 0%, respectively. The AFAST-positive view frequency for left lateral recumbency was DH 93%, SR 44%, CC 24%, and HR 12% in juveniles, and DH 50%, SR 3%, CC 3%, and HR 10% in adults. Overall abdominal fluid scores (AFS) in juvenilles were 0 (n = 3), 1 (n = 14), 2 (n = 22), 3 (n = 6), and 4 (n = 1); and in adults, scores were 0 (n = 22), 1 (n = 18), 2 (n = 6), and 3 and 4 (n = 0). The AFS differed between adults and juveniles (P < 0.001). Most dogs had maximum fluid dimensions ≤3 × 3 mm and width of fluid stripes ≤3 mm. The AFS was positively correlated to fluid amount observed during ovariohysterectomy with fair agreement (kappa = 0.233, P = 0.012).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This study establishes the frequency and amount of free peritoneal fluid in healthy juvenile and adult dogs during AFAST. Maximum fluid pocket dimensions of ≤3 × 3 mm and fluid stripe widths of ≤3 mm in dogs with AFS 1 and 2 may be normal. The DH view was most frequently positive.
Topics: Animals; Ascitic Fluid; Dogs; Female; Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma; Male; Prospective Studies; Reference Values
PubMed: 33175457
DOI: 10.1111/vec.13029