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Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation 2000Our objective was to present current data pertaining to the role of angiogenesis in the accumulation of peritoneal fluid in both benign conditions and in the development... (Review)
Review
Our objective was to present current data pertaining to the role of angiogenesis in the accumulation of peritoneal fluid in both benign conditions and in the development of malignant ascites in the female. To this goal, we conducted a computerized search to identify all relevant studies published in the English literature. MEDLINE, Current Contents and Index Medicus were searched utilizing the terms: angiogenesis, peritoneal fluid, ascites, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), therapy and carcinoma through May 2000. Review of the literature supports that angiogenesis promoted by VEGF is associated with fluid accumulation in animal and human tumor effusions. Benign conditions involving accumulation of peritoneal fluid and associated angiogenesis in the female include ovulation, endometriosis and severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Malignant intra-abdominal conditions associated with increased VEGF activity include primary epithelial ovarian, gastric and colon carcinomas, omental and hepatic metastatic disease. Initial trials with antiangiogenic (angioinhibitor) therapy such as anti-VEGF antibodies, anti-VEGF receptor antibodies, tumor necrosis factor, and metalloproteinase inhibitors have been reported and antitumor activity observed in a limited number of patients with advanced (inoperable or metastatic) disease.
Topics: Animals; Ascites; Ascitic Fluid; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Mice; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Prognosis; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 11093042
DOI: 10.1159/000010320 -
The Annals of Pharmacotherapy Nov 2006To describe the peritoneal fluid penetration of tigecycline.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the peritoneal fluid penetration of tigecycline.
CASE SUMMARY
A 33-year-old critically ill man who had undergone orthotopic liver and cadaveric renal transplant presented with sepsis. The patient required empiric antimicrobial coverage, continuous veno-venous hemofiltration, prolonged mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy placement, and maintenance immunosuppressive therapy. After multiple infections with multi-drug resistant pathogens, the patient developed vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium peritonitis. Tigecycline 50 mg was administered every 12 hours, and ascites fluid drug concentrations were obtained. Drug concentrations in the peritoneal fluid were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and revealed a tigecycline concentration of 0.074 microg/mL. Despite aggressive measures, the patient's condition continued to decline; he died 2 weeks after tigecycline initiation.
DISCUSSION
As of October 3, 2006, these are the first data to describe tigecycline peritoneal fluid penetration. Tigecycline was aggressively administered at twice the recommended dosage for overt liver failure in light of the severity of this patient's condition. A tigecycline peritoneal fluid concentration of 44-54% of serum concentration was calculated based on the patient's peritoneal fluid drug concentration and previously published serum concentrations from a similar population.
CONCLUSIONS
Peritoneal penetration of tigecycline was approximately 50% in this critically ill patient. Establishment of site-specific breakpoints for tigecycline may be necessary. Future studies will need to evaluate the penetration of tigecycline into peritoneal fluid and other tissues.
Topics: Adult; Ascitic Fluid; Critical Illness; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Male; Minocycline; Permeability; Tigecycline
PubMed: 17047138
DOI: 10.1345/aph.1H229 -
Human Reproduction (Oxford, England) Jan 2006The Fallopian tube undergoes well-recognized changes during the ovarian cycle. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) increases during the secretory phase of the cycle. The... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
The Fallopian tube undergoes well-recognized changes during the ovarian cycle. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) increases during the secretory phase of the cycle. The stimulus is unknown, although CBF is known to be hormone responsive. At ovulation, follicular fluid is released into the peritoneal cavity and enters the Fallopian tube. We hypothesized that this fluid may provide the stimulus for the increase in CBF detected after ovulation.
METHODS
Using a technique which records changes in light intensity, we have studied the effect of pre-ovulatory follicular fluid on CBF of Fallopian tube epithelial cells, and compared this with the effect of either peritoneal fluid or culture medium alone. Follicular fluid samples from 13 women undergoing IVF were collected by selective aspiration of individual follicles. Peritoneal fluid was collected from six women undergoing laparoscopic sterilization. Fallopian tubes were collected from 10 women who underwent hysterectomy for benign conditions.
RESULTS
After 24 h incubation, there was a highly significant difference in CBF between the Fallopian tube samples bathed in follicular fluid (mean CBF +/- SEM: 6.34 +/- 0.02 Hz) compared with explants bathed in either medium (4.20 +/- 0.06 Hz) or peritoneal fluid (5.24 +/- 0.03 Hz) (P < 0.005). There was also a significant difference in CBF between tissues bathed in secretory (5.47 +/- 0.03 Hz) compared with proliferative phase peritoneal fluid (4.75 +/- 0.02 Hz) (P < 0.005).
CONCLUSIONS
The increase in CBF detected after ovulation may aid ovum pick-up and transport along the Fallopian tube. Factor(s) within human follicular fluid and secretory phase peritoneal fluid may be responsible for this increase in CBF.
Topics: Adult; Ascitic Fluid; Cilia; Fallopian Tubes; Female; Follicular Fluid; Humans; Menstrual Cycle; Ovarian Follicle
PubMed: 16172146
DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dei306 -
Archives of Internal Medicine Aug 1981In ten patients undergoing maintenance peritoneal dialysis, large numbers of eosinophils were found in the peritoneal fluid. A few of the affected patients complained of...
In ten patients undergoing maintenance peritoneal dialysis, large numbers of eosinophils were found in the peritoneal fluid. A few of the affected patients complained of episodic abdominal pains, but there was no correlation between abdominal symptoms and the number of peritoneal fluid eosinophils. Microorganisms failed to grow on cultures of the peritoneal fluids, and results of tests for endotoxin were negative. The cause of eosinophilia could not be determined. Peritoneal fluid eosinophil counts were noted to be elevated soon after catheter insertion and initiation of peritoneal dialysis. In some patients, peritoneal fluid eosinophil counts spontaneously returned to normal despite continued peritoneal dialysis.
Topics: Adult; Ascitic Fluid; Basophils; Eosinophilia; Eosinophils; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Middle Aged; Peritoneal Dialysis
PubMed: 7259377
DOI: No ID Found -
Acta Cytologica 2023Pelvic washing and peritoneal fluid cytology specimens are used to detect peritoneal spread of malignancies. In most cases, identification of malignancy in these... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Pelvic washing and peritoneal fluid cytology specimens are used to detect peritoneal spread of malignancies. In most cases, identification of malignancy in these specimens is straightforward, but benign processes may occasionally mimic neoplasia and cause diagnostic difficulty.
SUMMARY
In this article, we perform a focused review of common benign entities encountered in pelvic washing and peritoneal fluid specimens during routine practice which may cause difficulty and discuss helpful features for avoiding diagnostic pitfalls.
KEY MESSAGES
Application of strict cytomorphologic criteria, along with judicious use of ancillary studies and correlation with clinical, intraoperative, radiologic, and other pathologic findings, can help resolve most problematic cases.
Topics: Humans; Female; Ascitic Fluid; Ovarian Neoplasms; Cytodiagnosis
PubMed: 36626891
DOI: 10.1159/000528191 -
The Journal of Emergency Medicine Jan 2011The objective of this study is to determine if the peritoneal fluid culture results in the ascites patient being evaluated for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in...
STUDY OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study is to determine if the peritoneal fluid culture results in the ascites patient being evaluated for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in the Emergency Department (ED) are used by the inpatient physician to appropriately alter empiric antibiotic treatment.
METHODS
We performed a retrospective study of all ascitic fluid samples sent from the ED between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2004. Exclusion criteria included peritoneal fluid samples sent from peritoneal dialysis patients and those undergoing diagnostic peritoneal lavage for trauma. Medical records were examined to determine culture results, initial antibiotic choices, and subsequent changes in antibiotics by the inpatient physician in response to the culture results. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of cases in which ED peritoneal fluid culture results caused inpatient physicians to appropriately change antibiotic coverage.
RESULTS
There were 201 ascitic fluid samples, of which 7 (3.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4%-7.0%) had a pathogen identified. Of these, only 1 (0.5%; 95% CI .01%-2.4%) resulted in an appropriate change in empiric antibiotic therapy. Although there were additional opportunities for appropriately using the culture results to change the antibiotic coverage in 2 (1%; 95% CI 0.1%-3.6%) patients, coverage was not changed. In fact, it was changed inappropriately in these 2 patients, and in an additional patient on appropriate empiric therapy.
CONCLUSIONS
The yield from ascitic fluid cultures was low, and when positive, did not appropriately change management according to microbiologic criteria.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascitic Fluid; Bacterial Infections; Emergency Service, Hospital; Humans; Peritonitis; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 18814999
DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2008.02.058 -
Acta Cytologica 1989
Topics: Ascitic Fluid; Female; Humans; Peritoneal Lavage
PubMed: 2728797
DOI: No ID Found -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Sep 2022: The aim of our study was to evaluate the value of leukocyte, C reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, lactate, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in blood and...
The Significance of Blood and Peritoneal Fluid Biochemical Markers in Identifying Early Anastomotic Leak following Colorectal Resection-Findings from a Single-Center Study.
: The aim of our study was to evaluate the value of leukocyte, C reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, lactate, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in blood and peritoneal fluid in early recognition of anastomotic leak (AL) after colorectal resections. : Our pilot prospective cohort study was conducted at the abdominal surgery department at University Medical Center Ljubljana. A total of 43 patients who underwent open or laparoscopic colorectal resection because of benign or malignant etiology were enrolled. All of the patients had primary anastomosis without stoma formation. : Three patients in our patient group developed AL (7%). We found a statistically significant elevation of serum lactate levels in patients that developed AL compared to those who did not but noted no statistically relevant difference in the blood or peritoneal fluid levels of other biochemical markers. : Elevated lactate levels may be considered a promising biomarker for the early diagnosis of AL, but more research on bigger patient groups is warranted.
Topics: Anastomotic Leak; Ascitic Fluid; C-Reactive Protein; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Colorectal Neoplasms; Humans; Lactates; Procalcitonin; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 36143930
DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091253 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2019There is limited information regarding the biobanking of pleural and peritoneal fluids that might supplement storage of pulmonary and thoracic tissue biospecimens. Such... (Review)
Review
There is limited information regarding the biobanking of pleural and peritoneal fluids that might supplement storage of pulmonary and thoracic tissue biospecimens. Such fluids are sometimes collected for clinical analyses and may have uses that obviate or supplement tissue samples. There has been a growing interest in using liquid biopsies as they are less invasive and may be amenable to analyses that guide targeted therapies. Integrating cytology and biobanking approaches, we describe techniques that may be used for collecting and banking pleural and peritoneal fluids.
Topics: Ascitic Fluid; Biological Specimen Banks; Humans; Specimen Handling; Tissue Banks
PubMed: 30539441
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8935-5_13 -
Human Reproduction Update 2001Intra-abdominal adhesion formation and reformation after surgery is a cause of significant morbidity, resulting in infertility and pain. The understanding of the... (Review)
Review
Intra-abdominal adhesion formation and reformation after surgery is a cause of significant morbidity, resulting in infertility and pain. The understanding of the pathogenesis of adhesion formation and reformation especially at the cellular and molecular level can help to further develop more effective treatments for the prevention of adhesion formation and reformation. Following an injury to the peritoneum, fibrinolytic activity over the peritoneal surface decreases, leading to changes in the expression and synthesis of various cellular mediators and in the remodelling of the connective tissue. The cellular response to peritoneal injury and adhesion formation and reformation are reviewed. Analysis of the available literature data on the cellular mediators in the peritoneal fluid showed variation in results from different investigators. The potential sources of variability and error are examined. It is still unclear if there is significant individual variation in the peritoneal response to injury.
Topics: Ascitic Fluid; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Cytokines; Female; Fibrin; Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Peritoneal Diseases; Tissue Adhesions; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Wound Healing
PubMed: 11727864
DOI: 10.1093/humupd/7.6.556