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Peritoneal Dialysis International :... Feb 2009It remains to be determined whether the peritoneal dialysis procedure induces abnormalities in the normal host defenses of the abdominal cavity and whether these... (Review)
Review
It remains to be determined whether the peritoneal dialysis procedure induces abnormalities in the normal host defenses of the abdominal cavity and whether these perturbations are important in the pathogenesis of peritonitis. The peritoneum is a smooth membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and participates in the diffusion of water and solutes during peritoneal dialysis. The diaphragmatic lymphatic uptake and the opsonization of micro-organisms, with phagocytosis and killing by peritoneal macrophages, mesothelial cells, lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and newly defined proteins such as defensins, play a combined role in the peritoneal host defense. Because the composition of earlier peritoneal dialysis fluids is clearly non-physiologic, continuous exposure of peritoneal cells to these solutions may result in an impairment of the local peritoneal host defense mechanisms. However, with the newer solutions, it has been shown that peritoneal defense mechanisms may improve.
Topics: Dialysis Solutions; Drug Compounding; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritoneum; Peritonitis; Phagocytosis
PubMed: 19270217
DOI: No ID Found -
Indian Journal of Pathology &... 2024Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis also known as cocoon abdomen is a rare chronic inflammatory condition of the peritoneum in which the bowel loops are encircled by a...
Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis also known as cocoon abdomen is a rare chronic inflammatory condition of the peritoneum in which the bowel loops are encircled by a membrane (cocoon formation) within the peritoneal cavity leading to intestinal obstruction. It can be primary (idiopathic) or secondary (chemotherapy, beta-blockers, peritoneal dialysis, shunts, tuberculosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.). The symptomatology report includes recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and vomiting. We present here a case of a 32-year-old male who presented with complaints of being unable to pass stools, vomiting (3-4 times), and abdomen pain for 4 days. This case is considered worth mentioning due to its rarity, lack of identification of secondary causes, and diminutive mention of histopathological aspect.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adult; Peritonitis; Intestinal Obstruction; Peritoneum; Vomiting
PubMed: 38358217
DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_1228_21 -
Kidney International Oct 2017Peritoneal dialysis (PD) therapy substantially requires biomarkers as tools to identify patients who are at the highest risk for PD-related complications and to guide... (Review)
Review
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) therapy substantially requires biomarkers as tools to identify patients who are at the highest risk for PD-related complications and to guide personalized interventions that may improve clinical outcome in the individual patient. In this consensus article, members of the European Training and Research in Peritoneal Dialysis Network (EuTRiPD) review the current status of biomarker research in PD and suggest a selection of biomarkers that can be relevant to the care of PD patients and that are directly accessible in PD effluents. Currently used biomarkers such as interleukin-6, interleukin-8, ex vivo-stimulated interleukin-6 release, cancer antigen-125, and advanced oxidation protein products that were collected through a Delphi procedure were first triaged for inclusion as surrogate endpoints in a clinical trial. Next, novel biomarkers were selected as promising candidates for proof-of-concept studies and were differentiated into inflammation signatures (including interleukin-17, M/M macrophages, and regulatory T cell/T helper 17), mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition signatures (including microRNA-21 and microRNA-31), and signatures for senescence and inadequate cellular stress responses. Finally, the need for defining pathogen-specific immune fingerprints and phenotype-associated molecular signatures utilizing effluents from the clinical cohorts of PD patients and "omics" technologies and bioinformatics-biostatistics in future joint-research efforts was expressed. Biomarker research in PD offers the potential to develop valuable tools for improving patient management. However, for all biomarkers discussed in this consensus article, the association of biological rationales with relevant clinical outcomes remains to be rigorously validated in adequately powered, prospective, independent clinical studies.
Topics: Biomarkers; Biomedical Research; Consensus; Dialysis Solutions; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Nephrologists; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritoneum; Peritonitis; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Precision Medicine; Proteomics
PubMed: 28797473
DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.02.037 -
Peritoneal Dialysis International :... 2017No clear consensus has been reached regarding the optimal time to remove the peritoneal dialysis catheter (PDC) after kidney transplantation (KT). This retrospective... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
No clear consensus has been reached regarding the optimal time to remove the peritoneal dialysis catheter (PDC) after kidney transplantation (KT). This retrospective observational study, conducted in a single peritoneal dialysis (PD) unit including all PD patients who received a KT between 1995 - 2015, was undertaken to evaluate the clinical outcomes and potential complications associated with a PDC left in place after KT. Of the 132 PD patients who received a KT, 20 were excluded from the study. Of the remaining, 112 (85%) patients with functioning KT were discharged with their PDC left in place and had it removed in a mean interval of 5 ± 3 months after KT, after achieving optimal graft function. During this follow-up period, 7 patients (6%) developed exit-site infection and there were 2 cases (2%) of peritonitis; all of them were successfully treated. Delayed PDC removal after KT is associated with low complication rates, although regular examination is needed so that mild infections can be detected early and therapy promptly instituted.
Topics: Catheters, Indwelling; Device Removal; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Middle Aged; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritoneum; Peritonitis; Retrospective Studies; Time Factors
PubMed: 29123003
DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2017.00031 -
Seminars in Dialysis 2023Peritonitis remains a significant complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD), and severe episodes of peritonitis lead to structural and functional alterations of the...
Peritonitis remains a significant complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD), and severe episodes of peritonitis lead to structural and functional alterations of the peritoneal membrane, which can result in a permanent transfer to hemodialysis. Although PD is designed primarily to be delivered in the community setting, patients on PD get hospitalized for a number of reasons. In this commentary, we highlight the enormous risks each hospitalization has on the occurrence of peritonitis in patients on PD and the need to understand factors that predispose patients to hospital-acquired peritonitis. Furthermore, we suggest directions on several strategies that could not only reduce the risks of developing peritonitis but also improve outcomes of patients on PD who get hospitalized for an unrelated illness.
Topics: Humans; Renal Dialysis; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritonitis; Peritoneum; Hospitals; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37069788
DOI: 10.1111/sdi.13156 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Mar 2005Peritonitis commonly is included in a list of differential diagnoses in food animal practice. Understanding the physiology of the ruminant peritoneal cavity and its... (Review)
Review
Peritonitis commonly is included in a list of differential diagnoses in food animal practice. Understanding the physiology of the ruminant peritoneal cavity and its response to injury is important to institute an adequate therapeutic plan. Ancillary procedures are used often and are necessary to confirm the diagnosis and should be well-organized.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Peritoneal Cavity; Peritonitis; Prognosis
PubMed: 15718091
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2004.12.007 -
American Journal of Nephrology 1989Thirty-eight peritoneal biopsies from 37 patients with normal renal function or with end-stage renal failure without replacement therapy or utilizing continuous...
Thirty-eight peritoneal biopsies from 37 patients with normal renal function or with end-stage renal failure without replacement therapy or utilizing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), haemodialysis (HD) or a functioning transplant were examined histologically. No abnormality in peritoneal membrane morphology was observed in uraemia in the absence of dialysis. Significant abnormalities of peritoneal membrane morphology were observed in association with CAPD, the predominant finding being the development of peritoneal fibrosis which had a deleterious effect on membrane function. Abnormal peritoneal morphology was less commonly observed in patients on maintenance HD and with functioning transplants but may have implications regarding the future use of CAPD in these patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Collagen; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney Transplantation; Middle Aged; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Peritoneum; Peritonitis; Renal Dialysis
PubMed: 2667361
DOI: 10.1159/000167965 -
Nefrologia 2023
Topics: Humans; Peritoneum; Peritonitis
PubMed: 37659956
DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2023.08.003 -
Journal of Medical Imaging and... Oct 2018
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Intestinal Obstruction; Peritoneal Fibrosis; Peritoneum; Peritonitis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 30309075
DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.16_12784 -
Peritoneal Dialysis International :... 2000
Topics: Anatomy, Artistic; Humans; Medical Illustration; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritoneum; Peritonitis
PubMed: 10877488
DOI: No ID Found