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Urology Jun 2003
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Peritoneum; Peritonitis; Photography; Radiography; Sclerosis
PubMed: 12809916
DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(03)00030-x -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2008
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Peritoneum; Peritonitis; Sclerosis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 18670153
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.47.1252 -
The International Journal of Artificial... Jun 2007The mesothelial cell layer lining the peritoneum orchestrates peritoneal homeostasis. Continuous exposure to peritoneal dialysis fluids and episodes of peritonitis may... (Review)
Review
The mesothelial cell layer lining the peritoneum orchestrates peritoneal homeostasis. Continuous exposure to peritoneal dialysis fluids and episodes of peritonitis may damage the monolayer irreversibly, eventually leading to adhesion formation and fibrosis/sclerosis of the peritoneum. Autologous mesothelial cell transplantation is thought to be one of the options to reduce dysfunction of the peritoneal membrane. In this article we will review the mesothelial cell transplantation experiments performed in the field of peritoneal dialysis and peritonitis. In addition we will focus on the trouble shooting using cultured autologous mesothelial cells for transplantation.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Dialysis Solutions; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritoneum; Peritonitis; Tissue Adhesions; Transplantation, Autologous
PubMed: 17628852
DOI: 10.1177/039139880703000609 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Oct 2018
Topics: Amphotericin B; Duodenal Ulcer; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Infections; Middle Aged; Opportunistic Infections; Peritoneal Cavity; Peritonitis; Prototheca; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 30321356
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy112 -
European Journal of Clinical... 1985The distribution of cefuroxime (250 mg) was studied in patients with renal failure undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). 10 uninfected patients... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
The distribution of cefuroxime (250 mg) was studied in patients with renal failure undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). 10 uninfected patients received the drug intravenously and intraperitoneally, while 9 patients with peritonitis were randomly allocated to intravenous or intraperitoneal administration. Samples were taken over the first 6 hour dialysis period. In the infected patients, more drug (p less than 0.01) crossed into the peritoneal cavity following intravenous injection and reached the systemic circulation following intraperitoneal administration than in the uninfected group. This increased permeability of the peritoneal membrane during infection may result in unexpected systemic toxicity in patients treated with intraperitoneal antibiotics.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cefuroxime; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Peritoneum; Peritonitis; Permeability
PubMed: 3987798
DOI: 10.1007/BF00609690 -
Cells, Tissues, Organs 2017There are several pathologies associated with the peritoneum, such as mesothelioma and peritonitis. Moreover, the peritoneum is widely used in ultrafiltration... (Review)
Review
There are several pathologies associated with the peritoneum, such as mesothelioma and peritonitis. Moreover, the peritoneum is widely used in ultrafiltration procedures, i.e., peritoneal dialysis, presenting advantages over hemodialysis. On the other hand, ultrafiltration failure may lead to dialysis-induced fibrosis and hypervolemia. Therefore, the pathophysiological study of this tissue is of extreme biomedical importance. Studies investigating the biology of the cells dwelling in the peritoneum wall provide evidence of their plasticity and progenitor features. For instance, both mesothelial and submesothelial cells present characteristics similar to mesenchymal stem cells, including osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential, support of extramedullary hematopoiesis, modulation of inflammatory responses, and regulation of tumor progression. Indeed, the participation of each cell type in peritoneal pathological and physiological phenomena is still under debate, especially regarding a possible differentiation pathway connecting these peritoneal cells. The primary aim of this review is to raise this discussion. In order to do so, we will firstly provide an overview of the peritoneum anatomy, histology, and ontology, and finally we will address how a better understanding of peritoneal cell biology may contribute to future cell therapy and tissue engineering approaches.
Topics: Animals; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; Fibrosis; Humans; Mesothelioma; Peritoneum; Peritonitis; Stem Cell Transplantation; Stem Cells; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 28972947
DOI: 10.1159/000479924 -
Peritoneal Dialysis International :... 2015Little or no evidence is available on the impact of the first peritonitis episode on peritoneal transport characteristics. The objective of this study was to investigate...
OBJECTIVE
Little or no evidence is available on the impact of the first peritonitis episode on peritoneal transport characteristics. The objective of this study was to investigate the importance of the very first peritonitis episode and distinguish its effect from the natural course by comparison of peritoneal transport before and after infection.
PARTICIPANTS
We analyzed prospectively collected data from 541 incident peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, aged > 18 years, between 1990 and 2010. Standard Peritoneal Permeability Analyses (SPA) within the year before and within the year after (but not within 30 days) the first peritonitis were compared. In a control group without peritonitis, SPAs within the first and second year of PD were compared.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS
SPA data included the mass transfer area coefficient of creatinine, glucose absorption and peritoneal clearances of β-2-microglobulin (b2m), albumin, IgG and α-2-macroglobulin (a2m). From these clearances, the restriction coefficient to macromolecules (RC) was calculated. Also, parameters of fluid transport were determined: transcapillary ultrafiltration rate (TCUFR), lymphatic absorption (ELAR), and free water transport. Crude and adjusted linear mixed models were used to compare the slopes of peritoneal transport parameters in the peritonitis group to the control group. Adjustments were made for age, sex and diabetes.
RESULTS
Of 541 patients, 367 experienced a first peritonitis episode within a median time of 12 months after the start of PD. Of these, 92 peritonitis episodes were preceded and followed by a SPA within one year. Forty-five patients without peritonitis were included in the control group. Logistic reasons (peritonitis group: 48% vs control group: 83%) and switch to hemodialysis (peritonitis group: 22% vs control group: 3%) were the main causes of missing SPA data post-peritonitis and post-control. When comparing the slopes of peritoneal transport parameters in the peritonitis group and the control group, a first peritonitis episode was associated with faster small solute transport (glucose absorption, p = 0.03) and a concomitant lower TCUFR (p = 0.03). In addition, a discreet decrease in macromolecular transport was seen in the peritonitis group: mean difference in post- and pre-peritonitis values: IgG: -8 μL/min (p = 0.01), a2m: -4 μL/min (p = 0.02), albumin: -10 μL/min (p = 0.04). Accordingly, the RC to macromolecules increased after peritonitis: 0.09, p = 0.04.
CONCLUSIONS
The very first peritonitis episode alters the natural course of peritoneal membrane characteristics. The most likely explanation might be that cured peritoneal infection later causes long-lasting alterations in peritoneal transport state.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Dialysis Solutions; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Incidence; Male; Membranes, Artificial; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritoneum; Peritonitis; Permeability; Prospective Studies; Treatment Failure; Young Adult
PubMed: 24711641
DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2014.00277 -
The American Surgeon Nov 2023Despite its numerous benefits, peritoneal dialysis (PD) can rarely result in dangerous and even life-threatening complications, including peritonitis, hernias,...
Despite its numerous benefits, peritoneal dialysis (PD) can rarely result in dangerous and even life-threatening complications, including peritonitis, hernias, encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS), and rarely peritoneal pseudocysts. Herein, we present a rare case of a giant intra-peritoneal pseudocyst that presented four months following the discontinuation of a 5-year course of complicated PD. Despite the initially successful drainages, the patient's symptoms continued to recur, and the imaging findings were concerning for underlying neoplastic processes. As such, a staged surgical approach was performed, starting with a diagnostic laparoscopy and was subsequently followed with cyst excision and marsupialization to the peritoneal cavity. While previous reports of such rare pseudocyst have been documented in the literature as a complication of PD, to our knowledge, this is the second case of pseudocyst formation to occur months after the discontinuation of PD therapy. This case emphasizes the importance of close follow-up in PD patients and showcases how a staged surgical approach can be utilized to accurately diagnose and manage such complicated cases.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritoneal Diseases; Peritoneal Fibrosis; Peritonitis; Peritoneum
PubMed: 34547915
DOI: 10.1177/00031348211047465 -
American Journal of Kidney Diseases :... Feb 1990Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) was developed into a life-maintaining therapy using a membrane whose fundamental biological characteristics were largely... (Review)
Review
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) was developed into a life-maintaining therapy using a membrane whose fundamental biological characteristics were largely unknown. Recognition of this deficiency in our knowledge spurred a belated explosion of research that began with an exploration of the fine structure of the mesothelium. The monolayer of lining cells was found to be more sophisticated than previously imagined, being profusely carpeted with microvilli and bearing motile cilia, and in contrast to endothelium, was shown to possess a cytoplasm replete with organelles in which rough endoplasmic reticulum and lipid inclusions are prominent. Because these findings indicated possible secretory function, a link was sought between these observations and the discovery in effluent dialysate of phosphatidylcholine, a lubricant surfactant. Subsequently, comparison of mesothelial ultrastructure with that of type 2 pneumocytes revealed close concordance, while specialized fixation techniques developed for the preservation of lamellar bodies (the known storage vesicles of alveolar surfactant), when applied to mesothelium, for the first time revealed similar cytoplasmic inclusions. In vitro studies have shown that mesothelium, when incubated with radiolabeled precursor, is capable of synthesizing phosphatidylcholine, the principal constituent of pulmonary surfactant, in amounts similar to those produced by lung. The demonstration that the intensively studied type 2 pneumocyte and mesothelium both secrete lamellar bodies has opened up new possibilities in exploring the physiology, pharmacology, and pathology of the peritoneum. Recent work on mesothelial cell culture has shed new light on the factors involved in healing and regeneration. Recognition of the existence of subserosal multipotential cells and their importance in maintaining the integrity of the mesothelial cell layer is dawning. From the study of peritoneal biopsies in CAPD patients, evidence is accumulating that a process of nonenzymatic glycosylation of protein, similar to that which occurs in diabetes, is responsible for changes in stromal texture and the reduplication of basement membranes. Appreciation of stromal vulnerability to dialysate-induced accelerated aging following mesothelial loss may therefore require a new approach to peritoneal dialysis during peritonitis. Now that CAPD approaches clinical maturity there is increasing recognition of the need for strategies to ensure long-term preservation of the peritoneum as a dialyzing organ. Concomitantly there is a realization that these goals can only be attained through a much deeper appreciation of the molecular biology and pathology of the peritoneum itself.
Topics: Animals; Glucose; Glycosylation; Humans; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritoneum; Peritonitis; Proteins
PubMed: 2405654
DOI: 10.1016/s0272-6386(12)80506-3 -
Revista de Investigacion Clinica;... 1955
Topics: Disease; Peritoneal Diseases; Peritoneum; Peritonitis, Tuberculous; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 13290286
DOI: No ID Found