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Bioengineered Apr 2022Studies have shown that periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a distinctive form of cerebral white matter injury that pertains to myelination disturbances. Maternal...
Studies have shown that periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a distinctive form of cerebral white matter injury that pertains to myelination disturbances. Maternal inflammation is a main cause of white matter injury. Intrauterine inflammation cellular will be propagated to the developing brain by the entire maternal-placental-fetal axis, and triggers neural immune injury. As a low-affinity receptor, adenosine A receptor (AAR) requires high concentrations of adenosine to be significantly activated in pathological conditions. We hypothesized that in the maternal inflammation-induced PVL model, a selective AAR antagonist PSB0788 had the potential to prevent the injury. In this work, a total of 18 SD pregnant rats were divided into three groups, and treated with intraperitoneal injection of phosphate buffered saline (PBS), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or LPS+PSB0788. Placental infection was determined by H&E staining and the inflammatory condition was determined by ELISA. Change of MBP, NG2 and CC-1 in the brain of the rats' offspring were detected by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, LPS-induced maternal inflammation reduced the expression of MBP, which related to the decrease in the numbers of OPCs and mature oligodendrocytes in neonate rats. After treatment with PSB0788, the levels of MBP proteins increased in the rats' offspring, improved the remyelination. In conclusion, our study shows that the selective AAR antagonist PSB0788 plays an important role in promoting the normal development of OPCs by the maternal inflammation-induced PVL model. Future studies will focus on the mechanism of PSB0788 in this model.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Brain Injuries; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Inflammation; Leukomalacia, Periventricular; Lipopolysaccharides; Placenta; Pregnancy; Rats
PubMed: 35436416
DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2061296 -
Radiology Jan 1987Fifteen infants and children with clinical evidence of periventricular leukomalacia (i.e., spastic diplegia or quadriplegia and premature birth) were studied. Computed...
Fifteen infants and children with clinical evidence of periventricular leukomalacia (i.e., spastic diplegia or quadriplegia and premature birth) were studied. Computed tomography (CT) scans of the brain demonstrated the following characteristic abnormalities: reduction in quantity of periventricular white matter, particularly at the trigone, deep and prominent sulci that abutted the ventricles without interposed white matter, and ventriculomegaly with irregular outline of the lateral ventricles. The location and severity of abnormalities on CT scans correlated well with the neurologic abnormalities observed at follow-up and the known anatomic location of periventricular leukomalacia. These observations demonstrate the diagnostic value of CT scanning for periventricular leukomalacia during late infancy and childhood. Although serial ultrasonography during the first weeks of life may be diagnostic of periventricular leukomalacia, it is of less value later. In contrast, CT scans obtained beyond 6 months of age can demonstrate a characteristic pattern of abnormalities that may be considered diagnostic of periventricular leukomalacia.
Topics: Encephalomalacia; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Leukomalacia, Periventricular; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 3538143
DOI: 10.1148/radiology.162.1.3538143 -
Journal of Child Neurology Aug 2023Periventricular leukomalacia occurs in up to 25% of very preterm infants resulting in adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. In its acute phase, periventricular... (Review)
Review
Periventricular leukomalacia occurs in up to 25% of very preterm infants resulting in adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. In its acute phase, periventricular leukomalacia is clinically silent. Although ultrasonography is widely available, its sensitivity in the early detection of periventricular leukomalacia is low. We identified a preterm infant with early diffusion-weighted imaging changes that later evolved to periventricular leukomalacia. Thirty-two cases of abnormal diffusion-weighted imaging reliably heralding severe periventricular leukomalacia in the preterm infant have been published in the literature. Notable features include the following: (1) infants were more mature preterm infants (29-36 weeks' gestation); (2) findings were often serendipitous with benign clinical courses; (3) diffusion-weighted imaging changes only were evident in the first weeks of life with later evolution to more classical abnormalities on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasonography. Diffusion-weighted imaging in the first week of life may be a reliable early marker of severe periventricular leukomalacia injury in more mature preterm infants.
Topics: Infant; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Infant, Premature; Leukomalacia, Periventricular; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gestational Age
PubMed: 37464767
DOI: 10.1177/08830738231185688 -
Early Human Development Oct 1995In perinatal leukomalacia, the brain pathology exhibits several different distribution patterns, according to cerebrovascular and glial maturity or various causal... (Review)
Review
In perinatal leukomalacia, the brain pathology exhibits several different distribution patterns, according to cerebrovascular and glial maturity or various causal factors. Periventricular leukomalacia occurs in the prenatal as well as the postnatal period, and is caused by, in addition to predisposing factors, cerebral hypoperfusion which is in turn caused by systemic hypotension or intracranial vascular constriction and circulatory disturbance. Oligodendroglial damage or diffuse astrogliosis associated with leukomalacia may lead to delayed or reduced myelination in the cerebral white matter.
Topics: Brain; Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Hypocapnia; Hypotension; Infant, Newborn; Leukomalacia, Periventricular; Myelin Sheath; Neuroglia; Pregnancy
PubMed: 8903762
DOI: 10.1016/0378-3782(95)01675-9 -
Revue Medicale de Bruxelles Oct 2003The term "periventricular leukomalacia" (PVL) usually covers necrotic and/or gliotic lesions from perinatal origin occurring in the periventricular ring of telencephalic... (Review)
Review
The term "periventricular leukomalacia" (PVL) usually covers necrotic and/or gliotic lesions from perinatal origin occurring in the periventricular ring of telencephalic white matter. However focal white matter necrosis is often associated to a diffuse white matter disease and to brainstem and grey matter lesions, making up the basis of a true encephalopathy. PVLs are diagnosed in 4% to 10% of infants born before 33 weeks of gestation. The proportion of PVLs from prenatal origin is estimated around one third of cases. Recent progresses in neuroepidemiology, developmental neurobiology and imaging methods permitted to revisit the pathophysiology of PVLs on a multifactorial basis. The end result of these multiple factors seems to be calcium influx due to glutamatergic overactivation triggered by cytokines, free radicals, and deficits in neurotrophic factors. Periventricular topography can be explained by properties of the brain at this specific step of brain development. Carrying motor and neuropsychological consequences, PVLs could be the most severe danger for very premature brains. Positive rolandic sharp waves recorded on EEG and precocious abnormally echogenous periventricular images on ultrasound suggest prospective periventricular cysts. Cystic periventricular cavitations certify the diagnosis of PVL. More subtle lesions of PVL do not reach the cystic grade and their diagnosis is confirmed by MRI. Treatment of infections is already available and potentially a tool for prevention. When the overwhelming glutamatergic signal has been triggered, neuroprotective agents turning off the excitotoxic cascade, including calcium blockers, growth factors and others, are promising therapeutic tools.
Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Leukomalacia, Periventricular
PubMed: 14650318
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives de Pediatrie : Organe Officiel... May 1998The term 'periventricular leukomalacia' (PVL) usually covers necrotic and/or gliotic lesions from perinatal origin occurring in the periventricular ring of telencephalic... (Review)
Review
The term 'periventricular leukomalacia' (PVL) usually covers necrotic and/or gliotic lesions from perinatal origin occurring in the periventricular ring of telencephalic white matter. PVLs are found post-mortem in one third of brains from autopsies of premature infants; PVLs are diagnosed in 4 to 10% of infants born before 33 weeks of gestation and remaining alive more than 3 days after birth. PVL is very rare in at term infants. The proportion of PVLs from prenatal origin is estimated between one third and one half of cases. Recent progresses in neuroepidemiology, developmental neurobiology and imaging methods permit to revisit the pathophysiology of PVLs on a multifactorial basis. The final result of these multiple factors seem to be calcium influx due to glutamatergic overactivation triggered by cytokines, infection and inflammation, and deficit in neurotrophic factors. Periventricular topography can be explained by properties of intracerebral vascular wall at this stage of angiogenesis and by perfusion failure/hypoxia.
Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Leukomalacia, Periventricular
PubMed: 9759188
DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(99)80319-4 -
British Journal of Obstetrics and... Apr 1995
Review
Topics: Cerebral Hemorrhage; Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Leukomalacia, Periventricular; Pregnancy
PubMed: 7612508
DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb09131.x -
Pediatric Neurology Jul 2012Periventricular leukomalacia is recognized as the leading cause of cerebral palsy in preterm infants. To clarify the prevalence of periventricular leukomalacia and...
Periventricular leukomalacia is recognized as the leading cause of cerebral palsy in preterm infants. To clarify the prevalence of periventricular leukomalacia and cerebral palsy in Japan, a nationwide survey was performed. The prevalence of periventricular leukomalacia in the group of surviving preterm infants of gestational ages less than 33 weeks born in 2007 was 2.7% (78/2883) on ultrasound diagnosis, and 3.3% (92/2824) on magnetic resonance imaging. The prevalence of cerebral palsy was 4.3% (125/2883) on clinical diagnosis. In our previous study, the prevalences of periventricular leukomalacia in 1990-1991, 1993-1994, 1996, and 1999 were 4.8%, 4.9%, 4.9%, and 5.3% on ultrasound, and 7.9%, 7.7%, 6.9%, and 7.3% on magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. The prevalence of periventricular leukomalacia has decreased significantly in Japan.
Topics: Cerebral Palsy; Female; Gestational Age; Health Surveys; Humans; Incidence; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Japan; Leukomalacia, Periventricular; Male; Prevalence
PubMed: 22704014
DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2012.04.015 -
Harefuah Feb 2008Prematurity is a major cause of cerebral palsy (CP). CP in preterm infants usually results from damage to the periventricular white matter, known as periventricular... (Review)
Review
Prematurity is a major cause of cerebral palsy (CP). CP in preterm infants usually results from damage to the periventricular white matter, known as periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). The pathogenesis of PVL is controversial, with leading models suggesting either ischemic etiology or infection and inflammation as the root cause for the disease. Advances in understanding the biology of PVL may result in clinical interventions that reduce the burden of CP.
Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Leukomalacia, Periventricular
PubMed: 18357676
DOI: No ID Found -
Ryoikibetsu Shokogun Shirizu 2000
Review
Topics: Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Leukomalacia, Periventricular
PubMed: 11043375
DOI: No ID Found