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Schizophrenia Bulletin 1997Perseveration in schizophrenia may take a variety of forms, which can be conceptualized as varying manifestations of an underlying neurocognitive deficit. Comparative... (Review)
Review
Perseveration in schizophrenia may take a variety of forms, which can be conceptualized as varying manifestations of an underlying neurocognitive deficit. Comparative studies have demonstrated higher than normal levels of perseverative responding among schizophrenia patients on capacity-demanding tasks, including prompted discourse, reversal learning, and the generation of guessing sequences. There is little evidence that perseveration is associated with deficit signs of schizophrenia. However, perseveration appears to covary with both positive thought disorder and voluntary motor disturbance. Perseveration in schizophrenia thus appears to be a productive sign elicited by a failure to mobilize cognitive resources in situations requiring controlled information processing and the concomitant inhibition of activated but task-inappropriate responses. An information-processing model proposed by Shallice (1988) attributes perseveration to a failure of a higher level executive control system to modulate a lower level response selection system under a requirement for novel response generation. This model suggests that perseveration is the consequence of a failure of frontal specification of striatal outputs during controlled processing, resulting in the continued reselection of previously activated outputs.
Topics: Attention; Brain; Humans; Nerve Net; Neuropsychological Tests; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Stereotyped Behavior; Thinking
PubMed: 9050113
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/23.1.63 -
Memory & Cognition Apr 2024To acquire and process information, performers can frequently rely on both internal and extended cognitive strategies. However, after becoming acquainted with two...
To acquire and process information, performers can frequently rely on both internal and extended cognitive strategies. However, after becoming acquainted with two strategies, performers in previous studies exhibited a pronounced behavioral preference for just one strategy, which we refer to as perseveration. What is the origin of such perseveration? Previous research suggests that a prime reason for cognitive strategy choice is performance: Perseveration could reflect the preference for a superior strategy as determined by accurately monitoring each strategy's performance. However, following our preregistered hypotheses, we conjectured that perseveration persisted even if the available strategies featured similar performances. Such persisting perseveration could be reasonable if costs related to decision making, performance monitoring, and strategy switching would be additionally taken into account on top of isolated strategy performances. Here, we used a calibration procedure to equalize performances of strategies as far as possible and tested whether perseveration persisted. In Experiment 1, performance adjustment of strategies succeeded in equating accuracy but not speed. Many participants perseverated on the faster strategy. In Experiment 2, calibration succeeded regarding both accuracy and speed. No substantial perseveration was detected, and residual perseveration was conceivably related to metacognitive performance evaluations. We conclude that perseveration on cognitive strategies is frequently rooted in performance: Performers willingly use multiple strategies for the same task if performance differences appear sufficiently small. Surprisingly, other possible reasons for perseveration like effort or switch cost avoidance, mental challenge seeking, satisficing, or episodic retrieval of previous stimulus-strategy-bindings, were less relevant in the present study.
Topics: Humans; Cognition
PubMed: 37874485
DOI: 10.3758/s13421-023-01475-7 -
Brain Injury 1995Perseveration refers to the inappropriate continuation or repetition of a response or activity. It is associated with a variety of neurological disorders and, when... (Review)
Review
Perseveration refers to the inappropriate continuation or repetition of a response or activity. It is associated with a variety of neurological disorders and, when pronounced, is thought to be pathognomonic of brain damage. Perseveration manifests itself in several different forms which have had various labels applied, and many hypotheses have been proposed to explain the mechanisms underlying these perseverative behaviours. In this article we review descriptions and classifications of perseveration as it occurs in various neurological disorders, and then discuss some of the neurobehavioural and neuropathological mechanisms thought to account for it.
Topics: Attention; Brain; Brain Damage, Chronic; Brain Mapping; Humans; Mental Recall; Neurologic Examination; Psychomotor Performance; Stereotyped Behavior
PubMed: 7787835
DOI: 10.3109/02699059509008188 -
Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology :... Dec 2013The brain's action-intentional ("when") programming system helps to control when to and when not to initiate an action, when to persist at an action, and when to...
The brain's action-intentional ("when") programming system helps to control when to and when not to initiate an action, when to persist at an action, and when to terminate an action. Motor perseveration is a failure to terminate an action. This disengagement disorder most often results from dysfunction of the executive frontal-subcortical networks that control the action-intentional programming system. Reports of unilateral perseveration are unusual. Here we describe a patient with a form of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) who exhibited continuous right-hand motor perseveration. This 68-year-old right-handed man had impaired walking and vertical gaze, consistent with PSP. He often repeated words, and on many motor tasks he showed continuous perseveration of his right but not his left hand. Unilateral motor perseveration may be a sign of PSP, the corticobasal syndrome, or a subtype of these disorders. Future studies of patients with both disorders should use tasks that assess for asymmetric hand perseveration. The mechanism of the unilateral perseveration must also be determined. Bilateral perseveration is found most often in patients with unilateral right frontal-subcortical (basal ganglia) or insula dysfunction. Because patients with PSP or corticobasal syndrome have callosal degeneration, their unilateral perseveration might result from a callosal disconnection of the right frontal lobe from the left hemisphere's premotor and motor as well as speech areas.
Topics: Accidental Falls; Aged; Brain; Functional Laterality; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive
PubMed: 24366105
DOI: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000014 -
Seminars in Speech and Language Nov 2004This article will review types of perseveration from a neurolinguistic perspective. During the course of the article, continuous, stuck-in-set, and recurrent... (Review)
Review
This article will review types of perseveration from a neurolinguistic perspective. During the course of the article, continuous, stuck-in-set, and recurrent perseveration will be placed in contradistinction to several other types of repetitive behaviors commonly associated with neurogenic communication disorders. These include echolalia in mixed transcortical aphasia; conduite d'approche and conduite d'ecart in fluent aphasias; lexical and nonlexical automatisms in nonfluent aphasias; palilalia in neuromotor disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD); and sound, syllable, word, and phrase repetitions in neurogenic stuttering. When differentiating these phenomena from perseveration, it is helpful to consider the salient factors that condition observed behaviors in individual patients, such as overall speech fluency, inventory of available utterances, nature of eliciting tasks, and propositionality of responses. Information such as communication disorder diagnosis, underlying etiology, and known sites of lesion from each patient's total clinical profile may also assist with differentiation.
Topics: Aphasia; Automatism; Communication Disorders; Echolalia; Humans; Nervous System Diseases; Speech Disorders; Stuttering; Verbal Behavior
PubMed: 15599820
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-837243 -
Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience 2018Some neurological or psychiatric positive, productive symptoms are an abnormal persistence of a sensorial feeling or abnormal repetition of a motor, behavioral or... (Review)
Review
Some neurological or psychiatric positive, productive symptoms are an abnormal persistence of a sensorial feeling or abnormal repetition of a motor, behavioral or cognitive process corresponding to a perseverative symptom. Palinopsia, palinacousis, and related sensorial symptoms have been described. Verbal and motor symptoms include echolalia, palilalia, echopraxia, and motor perseveration. Cognitive disorders induce perseverative behavior, perseverative thinking, including palipsychism, flashbulb memories, and reduplicative paramnesia (also known as "palimnesia") and many related perseverative symptoms. We propose a review of physiological phenomena and pathological symptoms involving these perseverative or repetitive characteristics and discuss the potential mechanisms and neural network involved in this productive semiology.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Sensation Disorders
PubMed: 29145181
DOI: 10.1159/000475692 -
Clinical and Experimental Neurology 1987Two patients are described in whom clonic perseveration was observed following infarction of the midbrain and thalamus. In one patient perseveration was confined to...
Two patients are described in whom clonic perseveration was observed following infarction of the midbrain and thalamus. In one patient perseveration was confined to movements of one side of the body and was associated with a grasp reflex on the same side. In the other patient perseveration occurred in movements of both sides of the body and involved drawing, writing and speech. It was possible to induce clonic perseveration in both patients by passive limb movements, a feature of this condition which has not been described previously. Evidence is presented that this type of perseveration is, to some extent, under voluntary control. It is suggested that the role of psychological factors in perseveration has been underestimated in the past.
Topics: Cerebral Infarction; Female; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Contraction; Postoperative Complications; Psychomotor Performance; Stereotyped Behavior; Thalamus; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 3665178
DOI: No ID Found -
Cognition Nov 2020When humans and other animals make repeated choices, they tend to repeat previously chosen actions independently of their reward history. This paper locates the origin...
When humans and other animals make repeated choices, they tend to repeat previously chosen actions independently of their reward history. This paper locates the origin of perseveration in a trade-off between two computational goals: maximizing rewards and minimizing the complexity of the action policy. We develop an information-theoretic formalization of policy complexity and show how optimizing the trade-off leads to perseveration. Analysis of two data sets reveals that people attain close to optimal trade-offs. Parameter estimation and model comparison supports the claim that perseveration quantitatively agrees with the theoretically predicted functional form (a softmax function with a frequency-dependent action bias).
Topics: Animals; Decision Making; Humans; Reward
PubMed: 32679270
DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104394 -
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 2021Aging causes perseveration (difficulty to switch between actions) in motor and cognitive tasks, suggesting that the same neural processes could govern these abilities in...
Aging causes perseveration (difficulty to switch between actions) in motor and cognitive tasks, suggesting that the same neural processes could govern these abilities in older adults. To test this, we evaluated the relation between independently measured motor and cognitive perseveration in young (21.4 ± 3.7 y/o) and older participants (76.5 ± 2.9 y/o). Motor perseveration was measured with a locomotor task in which participants had to transition between distinct walking patterns. Cognitive perseveration was measured with a card matching task in which participants had to switch between distinct matching rules. We found that perseveration in the cognitive and motor domains were positively related in older, but not younger individuals, such that participants exhibiting greater perseveration in the motor task also perseverated more in the cognitive task. Additionally, exposure reduces motor perseveration: older adults who had practiced the motor task could transition between walking patterns as proficiently as naïve, young individuals. Our results suggest an overlap in neural processes governing cognitive and motor perseveration with aging and that exposure can counteract the age-related motor perseveration.
PubMed: 33986654
DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.610359 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews May 2019Everyday complex and stressful real-life situations can overwhelm the human brain to an extent that the person is no longer able to accurately evaluate the situation and... (Review)
Review
Everyday complex and stressful real-life situations can overwhelm the human brain to an extent that the person is no longer able to accurately evaluate the situation and persists in irrational actions or strategies. Safety analyses reveal that such perseverative behavior is exhibited by operators in many critical domains, which can lead to potentially fatal incidents. There are neuroimaging evidences of changes in healthy brain functioning when engaged in non-adaptive behaviors that are akin to executive deficits such as perseveration shown in patients with brain lesion. In this respect, we suggest a cognitive continuum whereby stressors can render the healthy brain temporarily impaired. We show that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is a key structure for executive and attentional control whereby any transient (stressors, neurostimulation) or permanent (lesion) impairment compromises adaptive behavior. Using this neuropsychological insight, we discuss solutions involving training, neurostimulation, and the design of cognitive countermeasures for mitigating perseveration.
Topics: Attention; Cognition; Executive Function; Humans; Neuropsychological Tests; Prefrontal Cortex; Risk-Taking; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 30878500
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.03.006