-
Seminars in Speech and Language Nov 2004Aphasic patients make a variety of speech errors, including perseverations, in tasks that involve a linguistic component. What do perseverative and other errors imply... (Review)
Review
Aphasic patients make a variety of speech errors, including perseverations, in tasks that involve a linguistic component. What do perseverative and other errors imply about the nature of the neurologically damaged and intact language systems? Here we discuss the insights into the mechanisms of aphasic perseveration afforded by connectionist models. As a base for discussion, we review the Plaut and Shallice model of optic aphasic errors in object naming, which relies primarily on short-term learning mechanisms to produce perseverations. We then point out limitations of the model in addressing more recent data collected on aphasic perseveration and explain how incorporating information about the interaction of neuromodulatory systems and learning in the brain may help to overcome these limitations.
Topics: Aphasia; Brain Damage, Chronic; Computer Simulation; Humans; Language Disorders; Learning; Models, Neurological; Neurotransmitter Agents; Recurrence; Speech Disorders; Verbal Behavior
PubMed: 15599822
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-837245 -
Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive... 2008Perseveration is common in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We document the type and quantitative burden of perseveration as cognitive decline progresses from normal aging (n =...
BACKGROUND/AIMS AND METHODS
Perseveration is common in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We document the type and quantitative burden of perseveration as cognitive decline progresses from normal aging (n = 30) through mild AD (n = 20) to moderate AD (n = 20) by administering a semantic verbal fluency task.
RESULTS
We found perseveration to increase significantly with increasing severity of AD and different types of perseveration that distinguish the subject groups in a statistically significant manner. Recurrent and continuous perseverations appear early in AD. As the disease progresses in severity into moderate stage, the number of recurrent and continuous perseverations increases, and stuck-in-set perseverations emerge.
CONCLUSION
The different types of perseveration are likely to reflect the progressive deterioration of different brain regions in AD.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Alzheimer Disease; Brain; Cognition Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Semantics; Severity of Illness Index; Verbal Behavior
PubMed: 18075249
DOI: 10.1159/000112476 -
Neurology Nov 1987We tested a new taxonomy of perseverative behavior consisting of three categories: (1) repetition of a previous response to a subsequent stimulus (recurrent), (2)... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
We tested a new taxonomy of perseverative behavior consisting of three categories: (1) repetition of a previous response to a subsequent stimulus (recurrent), (2) inappropriate maintenance of a category of activity (stuck-in-set), and (3) abnormal prolongation of a current activity (continuous). Three groups of neurologically impaired subjects (with aphasia, right hemisphere damage, and Parkinson's disease) were administered tests to elicit each category of perseveration. Patients with aphasia produced significantly more recurrent perseveration than did patients with right hemisphere damage or healthy controls. Stuck-in-set perseveration was associated with dopamine system dysfunction, and continuous perseveration with right hemisphere damage. We propose a theory of perseveration dependent on anatomic, neuropsychological, and pharmacologic factors related to cerebral dominance. According to this theory, disruption of specific anatomic and pharmacologic systems produces different forms of perseveration which, in turn, underlie particular neurobehavioral disorders.
Topics: Aged; Aphasia; Behavior; Brain Damage, Chronic; Cognition; Functional Laterality; Humans; Middle Aged; Parkinson Disease; Reference Values
PubMed: 3670611
DOI: 10.1212/wnl.37.11.1736 -
Journal of Huntington's Disease 2018Huntington's disease (HD) patients are at significantly higher risk of suicidal behavior, and associated cognitive and behavioral factors play an important role....
BACKGROUND
Huntington's disease (HD) patients are at significantly higher risk of suicidal behavior, and associated cognitive and behavioral factors play an important role. Impulsivity is commonly thought to be a risk factor, but does not completely account for all suicide attempts.
OBJECTIVE
To provide clinical evidence that perseverative behavior may precipitate suicide attempts in HD.
METHODS
Case review of four HD patients who attempted suicide.
RESULTS
Each patient demonstrated a clinical history of perseverative behavior, and endorsed perseveration on upsetting thoughts leading up to their suicide attempts. The attempts were planned in response to these ruminations.
CONCLUSIONS
The patients in this series experienced uncontrollable distressful thoughts prior to their thoughtfully planned suicide attempts. These patients did not appear to act impulsively in their decision to attempt suicide.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Huntington Disease; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Suicide, Attempted; Thinking
PubMed: 29614688
DOI: 10.3233/JHD-170249 -
Journal of Behavior Therapy and... Sep 2016Obsessive compulsive (OC)-like perseveration paradoxically increases feelings of uncertainty. We studied whether the underlying mechanism between perseveration and...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Obsessive compulsive (OC)-like perseveration paradoxically increases feelings of uncertainty. We studied whether the underlying mechanism between perseveration and uncertainty is a reduced accessibility of meaning ('semantic satiation').
METHODS
OCD patients (n = 24) and matched non-clinical controls (n = 24) repeated words 2 (non-perseveration) or 20 times (perseveration). They decided whether this word was related to another target word. Speed of relatedness judgments and feelings of dissociative uncertainty were measured. The effects of real-life perseveration on dissociative uncertainty were tested in a smaller subsample of the OCD group (n = 9).
RESULTS
Speed of relatedness judgments was not affected by perseveration. However, both groups reported more dissociative uncertainty after perseveration compared to non-perseveration, which was higher in OCD patients. Patients reported more dissociative uncertainty after 'clinical' perseveration compared to non-perseveration..
LIMITATIONS
Both parts of this study are limited by some methodological issues and a small sample size.
CONCLUSIONS
Although the mechanism behind 'perseveration → uncertainty' is still unclear, results suggest that the effects of perseveration are counterproductive.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Dissociative Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Uncertainty; Young Adult
PubMed: 26901818
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.02.001 -
Cortex; a Journal Devoted To the Study... Mar 1986We developed a battery of tests to evaluate the relationship of perseveration to aphasia, and tested 44 subjects (18 with aphasia, 13 with right hemispheric lesions, 13...
We developed a battery of tests to evaluate the relationship of perseveration to aphasia, and tested 44 subjects (18 with aphasia, 13 with right hemispheric lesions, 13 normal controls). Several major findings emerged: left hemispheric, posteriorly located, aphasia producing lesions also produced abundant perseverations, both verbal and non-verbal, which were primarily recurrent in type; right hemispheric lesions produced few perseverations, and these were primarily of the continuous type; more than half of the verbal recurrent perseverations of aphasia on a naming task were semantic in nature. We conclude that recurrent perseveration has a special, perhaps integral, link to language disorders of aphasia, particularly fluent aphasia associated with posterior lesions.
Topics: Anomia; Aphasia; Aphasia, Broca; Aphasia, Wernicke; Brain Damage, Chronic; Dominance, Cerebral; Humans; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Psychomotor Performance; Stereotyped Behavior; Verbal Behavior
PubMed: 2423294
DOI: 10.1016/s0010-9452(86)80035-1 -
Neuropsychologia 1984We propose a new taxonomy for perseveration consisting of three categories which are distinctive at the levels of clinical features, process, and neuroanatomy....
We propose a new taxonomy for perseveration consisting of three categories which are distinctive at the levels of clinical features, process, and neuroanatomy. Stuck-in-set perseveration, the inappropriate maintenance of a current category or framework, involves an underlying process deficit in executive functioning and is related neuroanatomically to frontal lobe damage. Recurrent perseveration, the unintentional repetition of a previous response to a subsequent stimulus, involves an abnormal post-facilitation of memory traces and is related neuroanatomically to posterior left hemisphere damage. Continuous perseveration is the inappropriate prolongation or repetition of a behavior without interruption. It involves a deficit in motor output and is most common in patients with damage to the basal ganglia.
Topics: Aged; Aphasia; Attention; Brain Damage, Chronic; Cerebral Infarction; Dementia; Dominance, Cerebral; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Parkinson Disease; Psychomotor Performance; Stereotyped Behavior; Verbal Behavior
PubMed: 6084826
DOI: 10.1016/0028-3932(84)90098-8 -
Journal of Experimental Psychology.... Aug 2013The phenomenon of response perseveration has captivated psychologists for years, with the majority of theories of this effect focusing primarily on the cognitive,...
The phenomenon of response perseveration has captivated psychologists for years, with the majority of theories of this effect focusing primarily on the cognitive, spatially oriented nature of this behavior. The current project examined whether response perseveration would also occur within a task requiring little cognitive spatial resources--barrier crossing. Across three experiments, significant response perseveration was observed in toddlers' choices of which side of a barrier to cross. Specifically, Experiment 1 demonstrated the basic effect of response perseveration in barrier crossing, Experiment 2 showed that perseveration would continue even when the chosen side was more difficult to cross than the nonchosen side, and Experiment 3 demonstrated that perseverations were based on an environment-centered reference frame, as opposed to a body-centered reference frame. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for theoretical accounts of response perseveration specifically, and with regard to perceptual-motor relations more generally.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant; Locomotion; Male; Psychomotor Performance; Space Perception
PubMed: 23339350
DOI: 10.1037/a0031119 -
Seminars in Speech and Language Nov 2004This article will outline and describe the aphasic disorder of recurrent perseveration and will demonstrate how it interacts with the retrieval and production of spoken... (Review)
Review
This article will outline and describe the aphasic disorder of recurrent perseveration and will demonstrate how it interacts with the retrieval and production of spoken words in the language of fluent aphasic patients who have sustained damage to the left (dominant) posterior temporoparietal lobe. We will concentrate on the various kinds of sublexical segmental perseverations (the so-called phonemic carryovers of Santo Pietro and Rigrodsky) that most often play a role in the generation of word blendings. We will show how perseverative blends allow the clinician to better understand the dynamics of word and syllable production in fluent aphasia by scrutinizing the "onset/rime" and "onset/superrime" constituents of monosyllabic and polysyllabic words, respectively. We will demonstrate to the speech language pathologist the importance of the trochee stress pattern and the possibility that its metrical template may constitute a structural unit that can be perseverated.
Topics: Aphasia; Brain Damage, Chronic; Echolalia; Humans; Language Disorders; Parietal Lobe; Phonetics; Recurrence; Semantics; Speech Disorders; Temporal Lobe; Verbal Behavior; Verbal Learning; Vocabulary
PubMed: 15599825
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-837842 -
Acta Psychologica Jul 2019In a series of decisions, people tend to show choice perseveration, that is, they repeat their choices. This choice perseveration is assumed to emerge due to residual...
In a series of decisions, people tend to show choice perseveration, that is, they repeat their choices. This choice perseveration is assumed to emerge due to residual activity from the previous decision. Here, we use a computational model with attractor dynamics to describe this process and to predict how choice perseveration can be modulated. We derive two qualitative predictions: Choice perseveration should decrease under longer (vs. shorter) inter-trial intervals and positive (vs. negative) mood. We test these predictions in a dynamic decision task where we modulate decisions across trials via sequentially manipulated reward options. Our findings replicate our previous study in showing choice perseveration in value-based decision making. Furthermore, choice perseveration decreased with increasing inter-trial interval as predicted by the model. However, we did not find clear evidence supporting mood effects on choice perseveration. We discuss how integrating decision process dynamics by the means of applying the neural attractor model can increase our understanding of the evolution of decision outcomes and therefore complement the psychophysical perspective on decision making.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Choice Behavior; Computer Simulation; Decision Making; Female; Humans; Photic Stimulation; Reward; Time Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 31280037
DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.102876