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Cortex; a Journal Devoted To the Study... Mar 1996In this paper we report the perseverative behavior of two aphasic patients, AB and MT. They were submitted to a standardized Language Examination and to verbal and...
In this paper we report the perseverative behavior of two aphasic patients, AB and MT. They were submitted to a standardized Language Examination and to verbal and nonverbal tasks designed to elicit perseveration. Some of the features pointed out in the literature were not confirmed. Perseveration was not semantically related to the target; a correct response did not have any special status; in many instances the perseveration had not been produced as a correct response and could reappear immediately or after many stimuli; the production of two consecutive correct responses did not inhibit the spontaneous recurrences and could again be followed by the perseveration of a previous wrong response. Perseveration did not set in in the same circumstances for the two patients: in AB it set in when the patient was unable to find the correct response; MT, on the contrary, while knowing the correct response, was unable to change her perseverative behavior from one response to the other. For both patients, however, it seems as if no inhibitory system stops pre-existing motor or verbal behavior.
Topics: Adult; Aphasia; Female; Humans; Language; Male; Memory; Middle Aged; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 8697753
DOI: 10.1016/s0010-9452(96)80017-7 -
Neuropsychologia 1989The aim was to determine whether recurrent perseveration, i.e. the tendency to incorrectly repeat previous responses, is related to the site of cerebral lesion....
The aim was to determine whether recurrent perseveration, i.e. the tendency to incorrectly repeat previous responses, is related to the site of cerebral lesion. Sixty-seven brain-damaged patients and 35 control subjects were studied with a modified Benton Visual Retention Test. Patients with anterior lesions made a higher number of recurrent perseverations than patients with posterior lesions. The results was in disagreement with the hypothesis that recurrent perseveration is associated with left posterior lesions.
Topics: Adult; Brain Abscess; Brain Damage, Chronic; Brain Diseases; Brain Neoplasms; Frontal Lobe; Glioma; Humans; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations; Neuropsychological Tests; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Postoperative Complications; Psychomotor Performance; Retention, Psychology
PubMed: 2797417
DOI: 10.1016/0028-3932(89)90189-9 -
Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2023The motor phenomena accompanying frontal lobe disease are diverse, reflecting the various roles the frontal lobes play in the organization of motor control. The... (Review)
Review
The motor phenomena accompanying frontal lobe disease are diverse, reflecting the various roles the frontal lobes play in the organization of motor control. The principal frontal motor areas, the primary motor cortex, the premotor cortex, and the supplementary motor area, have different but interrelated functions in motor control. The principal efferent pathway of the primary motor cortex is the corticospinal tract which conducts fine motor control. Damage to the primary motor cortex and the corticospinal tract results in paralysis and loss of skilled, particularly distal, motor function. Lesions of the premotor cortex interfere with the preparation for the execution of movements and coordinating sequences of limb movement. Mediated through cortico-reticulospinal pathways, the premotor cortex adjusts axial and limb muscle activities. The fine motor skills of the corticospinal tract are superimposed upon these stabilizing movements. Supplementary motor area lesions interrupt self-initiated movements, release alien limb behaviors, and result in grasping. Paralysis, primitive reflexes, and frontal gait disorders are readily observed on examination, but difficulties initiating and sequencing movements are more subtle signs of perturbed higher motor control and require special examination procedures. Prefrontal motor syndromes include motor behaviors that only become apparent when the subject performs spontaneous or self-directed activities, unconstrained by instructions from the examiner. Clinical observation also reveals a slowness to respond to instruction with long delays before initiating action (inertia), but once underway they may be unable to stop (perseveration). Patients sit motionless without spontaneous movement or interest in their surrounds (apathy), yet exhibit distractibility, diverting attention to an incidental peripheral stimulus or an object with which they may then fiddle (environmental dependency and utilization behavior). Little spontaneous speech is initiated (abulia) but echolalia may be stimulated by the examiner's conversation. Restlessness, distractibility, perseveration, and environmentally dependent utilization behaviors coexist with apathy, inertia, and abulia. Mutism and akinesia may alternate with stereotypies and agitation in catatonia. These paradoxical combinations are of considerable diagnostic significance in recognizing frontal lobe motor syndromes.
Topics: Humans; Syndrome; Frontotemporal Dementia; Apathy; Motor Cortex; Paralysis
PubMed: 37620084
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-323-98817-9.00008-9 -
Experimental Brain Research Apr 2013Perseveration effects in grasping were examined in two experiments. In both experiments, participants reached and grasped different versions of a novel object with their... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Perseveration effects in grasping were examined in two experiments. In both experiments, participants reached and grasped different versions of a novel object with their thumb and forefinger using either a horizontal or vertical pincer grasp. The dependent variable was the choice of grasp. In Experiment 1, trials were performed either with or without visual feedback. In Experiment 2, trials were performed either physically or using motor imagery. In both experiments, participants tended to perseverate in their choice of grip. Further, there was no evidence that either the availability of visual feedback during the preceding or current action modulated this effect; mode of responding was similarly inconsequential. The results were interpreted as evidence for a motor priming explanation of perseveration and against an account that relies on perceptual priming.
Topics: Choice Behavior; Hand Strength; Humans; Photic Stimulation; Psychomotor Performance; Visual Perception
PubMed: 23354666
DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3410-y -
Clinical Psychology Review Dec 2011Mood-as-input hypothesis is a theory of task perseveration that has been applied to the understanding of perseveration across psychopathologies such as pathological... (Review)
Review
Mood-as-input hypothesis is a theory of task perseveration that has been applied to the understanding of perseveration across psychopathologies such as pathological worrying, compulsive checking, depressive rumination, and chronic pain. We review 10 years of published evidence from laboratory-based analogue studies and describe their relevance for perseveration in clinical populations. In particular, mood-as-input hypothesis predicts that perseveration at a task will be influenced by interactions between the individual's stop rules for the task and their concurrent mood, and that the valency of an individual's concurrent mood is used as information about whether the stop rule-defined goals for the task have been met. The majority of the published research is consistent with this hypothesis, and we provide evidence that clinical populations possess characteristics that would facilitate perseveration through mood-as-input processes. We argue that mood-as-input research on clinical populations is long overdue because (1) it has potential as a transdiagnostic mechanism helping to explain the development of perseveration and its comorbidity across a range of different psychopathologies, (2) it is potentially applicable to any psychopathology where perseveration is a defining feature of the symptoms, and (3) it has treatment implications for dealing with clinical perseveration.
Topics: Affect; Anxiety; Catastrophization; Compulsive Behavior; Decision Making; Humans; Motivation; Obsessive Behavior; Psychological Theory; Time Factors
PubMed: 21963671
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2011.08.002 -
Appetite Nov 2014As executive function may influence eating behaviors, our aim was to determine whether measures of executive function predict ad libitum food intake in subjects seeking...
As executive function may influence eating behaviors, our aim was to determine whether measures of executive function predict ad libitum food intake in subjects seeking weight loss. 78 obese, healthy individuals (40 female/38 male; age 36 ± 10 y; BMI 37.8 ± 7.2 kg/m(2)) completed the Iowa Gambling Task to evaluate decision making, the Stroop Word Color Task to assess attention, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task to measure perseveration, and the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire to measure disinhibition and cognitive restraint. Ad libitum energy intake over 3-days was then collected using a validated vending paradigm. When expressed as a percentage of an individual's weight maintaining energy needs (%WMEN), intake correlated positively with perseveration (r=0.24, p=0.03) and negatively with restraint (r=-0.51, p<0.0001). In a regression model of %WMEN (r(2)=0.59, p<0.0001), an interaction between perseveration and restraint was observed (p=0.05). Increased perseveration intensified the effect of restraint such that subjects with both high restraint and perseveration ate the least (median (IQR)=70 (62, 94) %WMEN), while those with low restraint and high perseveration ate the most (130 (102, 153) %WMEN). Subjects with low perseveration and high versus low restraint ate a median of 84 (70, 86) and 112 (98, 133) %WMEN, respectively. The effects of perseveration on food intake are conditional on restraint, and may contribute to extremes of dietary intake in some individuals.
Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Cognition; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet, Reducing; Eating; Energy Intake; Executive Function; Feeding Behavior; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Inhibition, Psychological; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Obesity; Surveys and Questionnaires; Weight Loss
PubMed: 25049138
DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.07.008 -
Brain and Language May 1985Patterns of perseveration and frequency of carrier phrases were studied in the verbal descriptive discourse of dementia patients controlled for etiology and severity.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Patterns of perseveration and frequency of carrier phrases were studied in the verbal descriptive discourse of dementia patients controlled for etiology and severity. Dementia patients were found to perseverate significantly more frequently than normals and severity of dementia was more strongly associated than etiology with increased perseveration. Frequency of carrier phrases did not distinguish the descriptive discourse of dementia patients from normals. Discontinuous perseveration was more common than continuous perseveration, and perseveration of ideas after an intervening response was the perseverate most typical of the dementia patient. Findings of the study are related to prominent theories of the cause of perseveration.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Dementia; Humans; Huntington Disease; Middle Aged; Parkinson Disease; Speech
PubMed: 3161580
DOI: 10.1016/0093-934x(85)90123-3 -
Ethnicity & Health Nov 2019Black Americans (BAs) are at an elevated risk for morbidity and mortality in comparison to White Americans (WAs). Racial stressors are a common occurrence in American... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Black Americans (BAs) are at an elevated risk for morbidity and mortality in comparison to White Americans (WAs). Racial stressors are a common occurrence in American culture and is theorized to contribute to these disparities. When race-focused, stereotype threat (ST) is considered to be a factor that is detrimental to health in BAs; however few studies have directly investigated the impact of a ST manipulation on physiological function. Furthermore, it is proposed that racial stressors such as ST may have prolonged effects when more likely to perseverate (e.g. rumination) over the stressor and thus, those with greater trait perseveration may be more affected by ST. We sought to explore the impact of ST and trait perseveration on changes in vagus nerve activity - an indication of adaptive psychological and physiological well-being - as indexed by vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV). Forty-three (24 females, mean age of 20, standard deviation of 3 years) apparently healthy BA individuals were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions in which they received either implicit (subtle), explicit (blatant), or no ST priming (control condition), prior to completing a cognitive task. Resting vmHRV was assessed both at baseline (pre-task) and recovery (post-task). BAs in the explicit ST condition exhibited the greatest decrease in vmHRV in comparison to the control group from pre- to post-task. BAs with moderate to high levels of trait perseveration showed the greatest decrease in vmHRV from pre- to post-task in comparison to those with lower levels of trait perseveration and BAs in the control group. These data suggest that racial ST, especially when explicit and coupled with trait perseveration, can decrease vagal activity, as indexed by decreased vmHRV, which when experienced frequently can have significant consequences for health and longevity in BAs.
Topics: Adolescent; Black or African American; Autonomic Nervous System; Electrocardiography; Female; Health Status Disparities; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Stereotyping; Stress, Psychological; Vagus Nerve; Young Adult
PubMed: 28922935
DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2017.1378803 -
Behavioural Neurology 2013Perseverative behavior, manifest as re-cancelling or re-visiting targets, is distinct from spatial neglect. Perseveration is thought to reflect frontal or parietal lobe...
Perseverative behavior, manifest as re-cancelling or re-visiting targets, is distinct from spatial neglect. Perseveration is thought to reflect frontal or parietal lobe dysfunction, but the neuroanatomical correlates remain poorly defined and the interplay between neglect and perseveration is incompletely understood. We enrolled 87 consecutive patients with diffusion-weighted, perfusion-weighted imaging, and spatial neglect testing within 24 hours of right hemisphere ischemic stroke. The degrees of spatial neglect and perseveration were analyzed. Perseveration was apparent in 46% (40/87) of the patients; 28% (24/87) showed perseveration only; 18% (16/87) showed both perseveration and neglect; and 3% (3/87) showed neglect only. Perseverative behaviors occur in an inverted "U" shape: little neglect was associated with few perseverations; moderate neglect with high perseverations; and in severe neglect targets may not enter consciousness and perseverative responses decrease. Brodmann areas of dysfunction, and the caudate and putament, were assessed and volumetrically measured. In this study, the caudate and putamen were not associated with perseveration. After controlling for neglect, and volume of dysfunctional tissue, only Brodmann area 46 was associated with perseveration. Our results further support the notion that perseveration and neglect are distinct entities; while they often co-occur, acute dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ischemia is associated with perseveration specifically.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Caudate Nucleus; Cerebral Cortex; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Angiography; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroimaging; Perceptual Disorders; Psychomotor Performance; Putamen; Stereotypic Movement Disorder; Stroke
PubMed: 22713393
DOI: 10.3233/BEN-2012-110235 -
Seminars in Speech and Language Nov 2004The purpose of this article is twofold: (1) to present a study of perseveration in a continuous series of 50 left brain-damaged aphasic subjects and (2) to describe the...
The purpose of this article is twofold: (1) to present a study of perseveration in a continuous series of 50 left brain-damaged aphasic subjects and (2) to describe the treatment of 2 patients with high rates of perseveration. In the group of 50 subjects, 20 showed two or more perseverations in one or more language tasks. No difference in number of perseverations was found between fluent and nonfluent subjects, but perseverations in global aphasic subjects with stereotyped speech were less varied than they were in fluent aphasic subjects and were not unlike other types of recurrent utterances. Of the two patients who received treatment, subject 1 had severe semantic disruption and perseverated in all production and comprehension tasks, except in repetition, reading aloud, and writing to dictation, all of which could be performed by the undamaged sublexical routines. Treated subject 2 had writing disorders that were ascribed to damage to the output buffer. She perseverated in all writing tasks. Rehabilitation of the semantic system in subject 1 and of the output buffer in subject 2 greatly reduced the number of perseverations in both subjects. It is argued that recovery of the underlying functional damage reduces the perseverative behavior.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aphasia; Brain Damage, Chronic; Echolalia; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Recurrence; Semantics; Speech Disorders; Speech Therapy; Stereotyped Behavior; Treatment Outcome; Verbal Behavior
PubMed: 15599826
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-837249