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Psychopharmacology Apr 1977Mice received either intraperitoneal (1.0, 3.0, 5.0, or 15.0 mg/kg) or unilateral intraventricular injection (50.0, 100.0 or 200.0 microgram) of d-amphetamine. Both... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Perseveration and rotational behavior elicited by d-amphetamine in a Y-maze exploratory task: differential effects of intraperitoneal and unilateral intraventricular administration.
Mice received either intraperitoneal (1.0, 3.0, 5.0, or 15.0 mg/kg) or unilateral intraventricular injection (50.0, 100.0 or 200.0 microgram) of d-amphetamine. Both routes of injection produced circling behavior in a dose-related fashion when animals were tested in a circular alley-way. In contrast, performance in a free running Y-maze alternation task was differentially affected by the route of administration. Whereas intraperitoneal injection induced perseveration (i.e., animals consecutively visited only two arms of the maze), intraventricular injection augmented alternation behavior normally seen in saline-treated mice. It was suggested that Y-maze performance following intraventricular d-amphetamine injection reflects response perseveration, whereas systemic d-amphetamine treatment produced stimulus perseveration (repetition of location rather than direction). Moreover d-amphetamine-induced circling produced by intraperitoneal administration probably is an artifact of drug-induced stimulus perseveration as opposed to motor biases observed following intraventricular injections.
Topics: Animals; Dextroamphetamine; Exploratory Behavior; Female; Humans; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Intraventricular; Mice; Motor Activity; Stereotyped Behavior
PubMed: 407596
DOI: 10.1007/BF00439098 -
Australian Family Physician Nov 2010At the GP10 conference, themed 'Shape our future', last month in Cairns, several of the workshops and presentations looked at minimising error in clinical practice....
At the GP10 conference, themed 'Shape our future', last month in Cairns, several of the workshops and presentations looked at minimising error in clinical practice. People are bound to make mistakes, but it is crucial that we learn from these and develop techniques to minimise their impact. Cicero once said, "To err is human, but to persevere in error is only the act of a fool." Our focus articles this month are based on the concept of 'traps for the unwary', and provide clinical topics that explore the issues of near misses, errors in practice, and gaining experience and expertise.
Topics: Australia; Communication; Congresses as Topic; Diagnostic Errors; Education; General Practitioners; Humans; Physician-Patient Relations
PubMed: 21301649
DOI: No ID Found -
Brain Sciences May 2023Persistence is defined as, among other ways, the need to achieve the goals and strive for the goal. Persistence can also be considered from the perspective of the...
UNLABELLED
Persistence is defined as, among other ways, the need to achieve the goals and strive for the goal. Persistence can also be considered from the perspective of the resource concept, as a positive factor related to an individual's adaptive behaviour, psychological resilience, and normal self-regulation. In contrast, tendencies behaviourally similar to perseverance, but which may have psychopathological features, are persistence and perfectionism. The main goal of our study was to: (I) Build non-clinical Persistence Scale (PS) in Polish and English; (II) translate in Polish and validate the Persistence, Perfectionism and Perseveration Questionnaire (PPPQ); (III) analyse properties of both scales.
METHODS
The study was conducted on a non-clinical group of 306 subjects. The mean age was 27.6 and ranged from 18 to 58 years. The properties of both scales were analysed using the NEO-FFI personality inventory, PSS-10 Perceived stress level scale, The UPPS-P Impulsive Behaviour Scale, the SPSRQ Sensitivity to Punishment and Reward scale, Grit scale and NAS-50 Self-Control Scale.
RESULTS
The psychometric features of the scales fulfil the requirements for psychometric tools. The factorial structure of both versions of the PS-20 scale proved to be unifactorial. Openness was the only variable to co-occur with the persistence scales of both the PS-20 and the PPPQ-10, and did not co-occur with scales intended to indicate psychopathology (Perseveration, Perfectionism). Negative correlations occurred with variables describing Persistence with levels of perceived stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms. Impulsivity measured by the SUPPS scale also showed negative correlations with the study variables.
CONCLUSIONS
In the present work, we postulate that persistence is an umbrella construct that gathers and integrates many other traits to form a multi-trait persistence. Perseveration should be regarded as an undesirable trait characterising psychopathological behaviour. Desirable and indicative traits of an individual's good functioning are persistence and, to some extent, perfectionism. Individuals with low persistence and high perseveration may be characterised by a repertoire of psychopathological behaviours.
PubMed: 37371344
DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060864 -
Cognitive Neuropsychology Jun 1998This paper presents a single-case study of the speech production performance of an aphasic subject, CJ. CJ's productions included a large number of perseverations....
This paper presents a single-case study of the speech production performance of an aphasic subject, CJ. CJ's productions included a large number of perseverations. Perseverated responses comprised real words, nonwords, and subword segments and the majority of them were unrelated to the target items (either by sound or meaning). An analysis of the determinants of perseverate responding revealed that the frequency of the target name was an important factor. Moreover, there appeared to be both a semantic and a phonological basis for perseveration. These results are used to evaluate a recent account of perseveration.
PubMed: 28657506
DOI: 10.1080/026432998381140 -
The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and... 2011Structural deficits in the frontotemporal network have been shown in individuals with psychopathy and are posited to contribute to neuropsychological impairments such as... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Structural deficits in the frontotemporal network have been shown in individuals with psychopathy and are posited to contribute to neuropsychological impairments such as response perseveration. However, no study to date has examined structural correlates of response perseveration in individuals with psychopathy. In this structural MRI study, the authors found higher correlations between increased response perseveration and reduced cortical thickness in the orbitofrontal and anterior temporal regions in individuals with psychopathy than in healthy-comparison subjects. The findings provide preliminary evidence suggesting potential contributions of frontotemporal structural deficits in neurocognitive impairment with perseveration in individuals with psychopathy.
Topics: Antisocial Personality Disorder; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neuropsychological Tests; Temporal Lobe
PubMed: 21304146
DOI: 10.1176/jnp.23.1.jnp107 -
Journal of Clinical and Experimental... Nov 2005This study investigated several constructs of executive functioning in a group of 77 patients with subcortical pathology. Specifically, we examined the validity of... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
This study investigated several constructs of executive functioning in a group of 77 patients with subcortical pathology. Specifically, we examined the validity of categorizing perseverative errors as "recurrent," "stuck-in-set," or "continuous," as proposed by Sandson and Albert (1984). A principal components analysis of 2 measures of recurrent perseveration, 2 measures of stuck-in-set perseveration, and 2 measures of intrusive errors yielded a 2 component solution with stuck-in-set perseverations and intrusive errors loading on Component 1, and recurrent perseverations loading on Component 2. Presence of a continuous perseveration on a graphomotor test was significantly associated with higher factor scores on Component 1, but not Component 2. The stuck-in-set perseveration and intrusion component was associated with the majority of the other neuropsychological tests administered, including tests of executive function and memory. The recurrent perseveration component was not associated with the other measures of cognitive functioning. Presence of a continuous perseveration was associated with executive function but not memory measures. This study provides evidence that recurrent perseverations are distinct from the other types of perseverative and intrusive errors, and that stuck-in-set and intrusive errors are good indicators of general cognitive functioning in patients with subcortical pathology.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Brain; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Dementia; Female; Humans; Huntington Disease; Male; Memory; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Parkinson Disease; Principal Component Analysis; Reading; Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive; Verbal Learning
PubMed: 16207620
DOI: 10.1080/13803390490919092 -
Brain and Language Feb 1999Although perseveration is a recognized sign of disturbed brain function, it also occurs in normal individuals. Determination of the frequency of perseveration in normal... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Although perseveration is a recognized sign of disturbed brain function, it also occurs in normal individuals. Determination of the frequency of perseveration in normal subjects would enable clinicians to use perseveration as a marker of possible pathology. The purpose of this study was to document the extent of perseveration in normal young and older subjects. Thirty young normal individuals between the ages of 20 and 35 years and 30 older normal individuals between the ages of 60 and 75 years were given four tasks on which perseveration has been reported in brain-damaged individuals. Four percent of all responses were perseverative. No age or gender effects on frequency were observed. Of the four neuropsychological tasks, the Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test elicited the greatest number of perseverations.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aphasia; Brain Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Verbal Behavior
PubMed: 10190994
DOI: 10.1006/brln.1999.2032 -
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy Jul 2012Perseveration, persistence and perfectionism are traits that have been suggested to be relevant to the eating disorders. This study explored the levels and correlates of...
BACKGROUND
Perseveration, persistence and perfectionism are traits that have been suggested to be relevant to the eating disorders. This study explored the levels and correlates of these three traits in the eating disorders and control groups.
METHOD
A measure of these three elements (the Persistence, Perseveration and Perfectionism Questionnaire - PPPQ-22) was administered to 99 women with eating disorders, 25 women with other psychiatric disorders, and 91 non-clinical women. Differences in PPPQ-22 scores across groups were measured, as were the associations between PPPQ-22 scores and eating attitudes.
RESULTS
The eating disordered groups showed lower levels of persistence (the drive towards goal achievement) than the non-clinical group, but did not show higher levels of perseveration (the following of rules, without considering whether goals are achieved). Both women with eating disorders and non-clinical controls showed correlations between eating disorder symptoms and perseveration.
CONCLUSIONS
The current study, using a relatively new measure, suggests that low levels of persistence, rather than high levels of perseveration, may be implicated in the eating disorders. It was less clear that perfectionism per se was a useful construct in understanding eating pathology. If confirmed by future research, persistence should be considered in treatment of these complex and challenging conditions.
Topics: Adult; Anorexia Nervosa; Bulimia Nervosa; Compulsive Behavior; Culture; Defense Mechanisms; Female; Humans; Personality Inventory; Psychometrics; Reference Values; Reproducibility of Results; Young Adult
PubMed: 22673127
DOI: 10.1017/S135246581200015X -
Hormones and Behavior Mar 2017There are sex differences associated with schizophrenia, as women exhibit later onset of the disorder, less severe symptomatology, and better response to antipsychotic...
There are sex differences associated with schizophrenia, as women exhibit later onset of the disorder, less severe symptomatology, and better response to antipsychotic medications. Estrogens are thought to play a role in these sex differences; estrogens facilitate the effects of antipsychotic medications to reduce the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, but it remains unclear whether estrogens protect against the cognitive symptoms of this disorder. Amphetamine sensitization is used to model some symptoms of schizophrenia in rats, including cognitive deficits like excessive perseveration and slower reversal learning. In this experiment female rats were administered a sensitizing regimen of amphetamine to mimic these cognitive symptoms. They were ovariectomized and administered either low or high estradiol replacement as well as chronic administration of the antipsychotic haloperidol, and were assessed in tests of perseveration and reversal learning. Results of these experiments demonstrated that, in amphetamine-sensitized rats, estradiol alone does not affect perseveration or reversal learning. However, low estradiol facilitates a 0.25mg/day dose of haloperidol to reduce perseveration and improve reversal learning. Combined high estradiol and 0.25mg/day haloperidol has no effect on perseveration or reversal learning, but high estradiol facilitates the effects of 0.13mg/day haloperidol to reduce perseveration and improve reversal learning. Thus, in amphetamine-sensitized female rats, 0.25mg/day haloperidol only improved perseveration and reversal learning when estradiol was low, while 0.13mg/day haloperidol only improved these cognitive processes when estradiol was high. These findings suggest that estradiol facilitates the effects of haloperidol to improve perseveration and reversal learning in a dose-dependent manner.
Topics: Amphetamine; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Estradiol; Female; Haloperidol; Rats; Reversal Learning; Schizophrenic Psychology; Stereotyped Behavior
PubMed: 28062232
DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.12.010 -
Brain and Language Sep 1986This descriptive study sought to examine the nature of perseverative errors uttered by adult aphasics in response to a picture naming task. Previous research on...
This descriptive study sought to examine the nature of perseverative errors uttered by adult aphasics in response to a picture naming task. Previous research on perseveration is reviewed. Three major patterns of perseverative behavior are identified and illustrated--semantic selection, program of action, and phonemic carry-over. The hypothesis that site of lesion (anterior vs. posterior) may account for the amount or pattern of perseveration an aphasic exhibits is not supported. An information-processing model is proposed to account for all patterns of oral-verbal perseverative response.
Topics: Aphasia; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Male; Memory, Short-Term; Models, Psychological; Phonetics; Semantics; Temporal Lobe; Verbal Behavior
PubMed: 3756452
DOI: 10.1016/0093-934x(86)90030-1