-
Rehabilitation Psychology Aug 2022Purpose/Objective Research: Stigma is a common experience for people with disabilities. Stigmatization may lead to disparities in education, employment, and health care,...
UNLABELLED
Purpose/Objective Research: Stigma is a common experience for people with disabilities. Stigmatization may lead to disparities in education, employment, and health care, quality of life, and psychological distress. This study's purpose was to (a) determine the relationship between number of disability conditions and stigma for adults with disabilities; and (b) examine whether identifying as a person with a disability, noticeability of a disability or gender moderate relationship between number of disability conditions and stigma.
RESEARCH METHOD/DESIGN
We conducted secondary analyses of data from the Disability Health Identity survey, originally collected in 2017 ( = 711).
RESULTS
Multivariable linear regression analysis indicated the association between number of disability conditions and stigma was not significant (.567). However, the association between number of disability conditions and stigma was modified by noticeability ( = .007). The relationship between number of disability conditions and stigma was stronger for people with more noticeable disabilities.
CONCLUSION/IMPLICATIONS
This research is important because it increases understanding of factors that may play a role in stigma experiences for people with disabilities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Adult; Disabled Persons; Employment; Humans; Quality of Life; Social Stigma; Stereotyping
PubMed: 35420866
DOI: 10.1037/rep0000446 -
Neurology India 2020Many neurological conditions may result in long-term disability. The measures of prevalence and mortality vastly understate the disability they cause. In the Persons...
Many neurological conditions may result in long-term disability. The measures of prevalence and mortality vastly understate the disability they cause. In the Persons with Disabilities Act 1995 (equal opportunities, protection of rights, and full participation), neurological conditions are ignored. Although Indian Disability Evaluation and Asessment Scale (IDEAS), which assesses psychiatric conditions, does include dementia as one of the neurodegenerative conditions. Additionally, according to the global burden of disease report, 33% of years lived with neurological disability and 13% of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) are due to neurological and psychiatric disorders. In 2001, the World Health Organization (WHO) established a new definition of disability, declaring it an umbrella term with the following three major components; 1) impairments: problems in body function or structure, 2) activity limitations: difficulties encountered by a person in executing a task or action, and 3) participation restrictions: problems of involvement in life situations experienced by a person. Hence, an attempt was made to rectify the above concerns. To address the above mentioned concerns, we think that there is a need of a comprehensive format for neurological disabilities assessment which would also include objective neuropsychological assessments. As future directions, national level meetings are required to formulate 'Indian Standard Track for Assessing Neurological Disability' (I-STAND) and uniform guidelines for disability assessment in 'chronic neurological conditions' with a special focus on "neuropsychological disability".
Topics: Chronic Disease; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Female; Humans; India; Male; Nervous System Diseases; Prevalence; Quality-Adjusted Life Years
PubMed: 32129266
DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.279709 -
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation... Aug 2019Impairment reflects a "a significant deviation, loss, or loss of use of any body structure or body function in an individual with a health condition, disorder, or...
Impairment reflects a "a significant deviation, loss, or loss of use of any body structure or body function in an individual with a health condition, disorder, or disease" and is not synonymous with disability, which refers to "activity limitations and/or participation restrictions in an individual with a health condition, disorder, or disease." The American Medical Association Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment are the most widely used standard to assess impairment. Future research could use empirical evidence on the relationship between impairment ratings and earnings losses to improve the ability of the Guides to predict the economic consequences of a disabling injury.
Topics: Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Humans; Societies, Medical; Terminology as Topic; United States
PubMed: 31227129
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2019.03.003 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2022This research aimed to map evidence about system supports and gaps for Australians with psychosocial disabilities and life-limiting diagnoses. A scoping review of... (Review)
Review
This research aimed to map evidence about system supports and gaps for Australians with psychosocial disabilities and life-limiting diagnoses. A scoping review of available policy documents, academic, and grey literature was completed to discover key characteristics of this concept and provide context around the phenomenon. Our focus was on Australia's National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), a key reform providing support to the disability population nationally. No peer-reviewed or grey literature was retrieved on the phenomena. Therefore, three lines of enquiry were developed: experiences of NDIS participants living with psychosocial disabilities; the death, dying, and palliative care supports and experiences of NDIS participants of any disability type; and the experiences for people living with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI) and life-limiting diagnoses. Five themes were identified: (1) the person; (2) advocacy; (3) informal supports; (4) formal supports; and (5) existing research. NDIS participants living with SPMI and their informal and formal support systems are still struggling to navigate the NDIS. While there are no specific publications about their end-of-life experiences, people with SPMI often experience poor end-of-life outcomes. Rigorous research into their death, dying, and palliative care experiences is needed to inform improved support to them, including their end-of-life care.
Topics: Australia; Chronic Disease; Disabled Persons; Humans; Insurance, Disability; Palliative Care; Terminal Care
PubMed: 36011776
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610144 -
Disability and Health Journal Oct 2018Persons leading their own evaluations of care quality offers the promise of generating maximally meaningful information to ensure person-centered care.
BACKGROUND
Persons leading their own evaluations of care quality offers the promise of generating maximally meaningful information to ensure person-centered care.
OBJECTIVES
To describe an intervention where persons with disability engage other persons with disability, develop their own metrics to assess their care, and provide these care evaluations directly to primary care practitioners, with the goal of improving care. The context was a research study involving One Care, a Massachusetts demonstration program with capitated reimbursement for individuals ages 18-64 dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid.
METHODS
Individuals with serious mental illness or significant physical disability designed and implemented "YESHealth: Your Experience, Speak up for better health care." To solicit and communicate with YESHealth members, they mailed postcards announcing YESHealth to potential participants, created a website, sponsored a Facebook group, and staffed telephones in English and Spanish. YESHealth also involved reaching out to numerous disability advocacy organizations, developing and conducting short quarterly surveys about quality concerns they identified, and reporting survey results to YESHealth members and their primary care practitioners.
RESULTS
Over 12 months, YESHealth staff visited 60 community organizations to recruit participants. Recruiting participants was challenging and ultimately required offering monetary compensation. Participants preferred telephone to online communication. Efforts to engage targeted primary care practitioners had very limited success.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite these challenges, YESHealth represents a unique model for consumers' voices to try to affect change in care delivery. A randomized trial has evaluated whether the YESHealth intervention affected care quality for One Care members with disability.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Community Networks; Disabled Persons; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Participation; Primary Health Care; Quality Assurance, Health Care; Quality Improvement; Quality of Health Care; Random Allocation; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States
PubMed: 29983376
DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2018.06.003 -
Disability and Rehabilitation.... 2011Although the use of assistive technology (AT) is by an individual, it occurs within a much larger socio-cultural environment. The purpose of this article is to describe... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Although the use of assistive technology (AT) is by an individual, it occurs within a much larger socio-cultural environment. The purpose of this article is to describe and analyse current knowledge about the intersection of culture and disability in the context of the AT user.
METHODS
Literature review of theoretical and empirical study papers that discuss cultural aspects related to AT use or provision.
RESULTS
Understanding how an individual's culturally defined identity is shaped as an AT user, and the meaning the AT holds to that person and family, is essential to providing culturally appropriate AT services. AT providers also belong to a culture framed by their professional experiences; needed are ways of addressing ethnocentricity within culturally diverse practice settings. Some AT users may identify with a disability culture, a culture formed by a shared set of beliefs, values and behaviours around the construct of disability.
CONCLUSION
This review reveals there is a paucity of knowledge about the intersection of AT and culture, and that this intersection requires further research. Embarking on this investigation is mandatory if we seek to meet the needs of the culturally diverse individuals who use AT.
Topics: Attitude; Cultural Competency; Culture; Disabled Persons; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Self-Help Devices; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 20698763
DOI: 10.3109/17483107.2010.507859 -
European Journal of Physical and... Aug 2014In the current population we observe a rise of chronic health problems often with multiple characteristics. This results in a growing number of people who are... (Review)
Review
In the current population we observe a rise of chronic health problems often with multiple characteristics. This results in a growing number of people who are experiencing long-term disabilities or difficulties in functioning because of disability. These conditions require a complex response over an extended period of time, that involves coordinated inputs from a wide range of health professionals. This paper argues the central role and benefit of rehabilitation and describes the rehabilitation as an integral component in the management of people with chronic disabilities. It also presents the most important related definitions: long-term care, rehabilitation for chronic disease and disability, the aim of physical and rehabilitation medicine (PRM). An interdisciplinary team is ideal for an effective implementation of rehabilitation for chronic disease and disability. However, the article mainly focuses on defining the role and contribution of the PRM physician in the rehabilitation of persons with long-term disabilities. The article includes: descriptions of his/her key role and competencies, particularly with regard to medical and functional status and prognosis, of the ability to comprehensively define the rehabilitation needs of the patient/person with respect to ICD-WHO classification domains, of the cooperation with other medical specialists and health professionals, of determining the rehabilitation potential, of developing the rehabilitation plan tailored to specific needs, as well as of the contribution of PRM physician in the follow-up care pathways.
Topics: Clinical Competence; Disabled Persons; Disease Management; Humans; Long-Term Care; Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine
PubMed: 25061984
DOI: No ID Found -
Disability and Rehabilitation Oct 2022Caregivers of people with disability experience difficulties in a variety of care domains. Understanding the predictive factors of caregiver strain is important in...
PURPOSE
Caregivers of people with disability experience difficulties in a variety of care domains. Understanding the predictive factors of caregiver strain is important in developing and implementing evidence-based intervention to reduce the difficulties experienced by the carers.
METHODS
The current study is a cross sectional comprehensive one-phase survey conducted in randomly selected sub-districts (taluks) of the Ernakulam district in Kerala. Primary caregivers ( = 851) for persons with different kinds of disability were identified with the help of ASHAs (Accredited Social Health Activities) from the selected geographical locations and were interviewed in a house-to-house survey after obtaining written informed consent. Validated tools measuring caregiver strain, financial burden, access to services and wellbeing were used to study the population.
RESULTS
Majority of the caregivers were females (77.3%) and spouses (35.2%). Of the caregivers 27% reported high levels of caregiver strain. The major factors associated with caregiver strain were female gender ( = 1.379, = 0.000), financial issues ( = 0.105, = 0.000), the general health of caregivers ( = 0.467, = 0.000) and issues relating to employment ( = 0.956, = 0.000) and the availability of government welfare services ( = 1.138, = 0.000).
CONCLUSION
High caregiver burden and strain is experienced by almost a third of people caring for a person with a disability. Comprehensive interventions to reduce caregiver strain should be developed.Implications for rehabilitationThe rehabilitation sector needs to be made aware of the high levels of caregiver strain (especially in carers who were female, unemployed, have health issues and lack formal support).To improve wellbeing for people with disability we firstly need to promote social inclusion and support schemes for caregiver.Co-designed systems are needed to assist carers to access formal and informal support resources, and increase social connectedness.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Caregivers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prevalence; Disabled Persons; Surveys and Questionnaires; India
PubMed: 34460345
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1965231 -
Work (Reading, Mass.) 2010It is unclear whether or not open (competitive) employment programs are meeting the needs of the growing numbers of people with a disability seeking professional...
UNLABELLED
It is unclear whether or not open (competitive) employment programs are meeting the needs of the growing numbers of people with a disability seeking professional employment.
OBJECTIVE
To understand and describe the experience of a newly graduated professional (Michael) who was seeking open employment support and to analyze those experiences in relation to principles of effective open employment support.
PARTICIPANT
Michael a recently graduated accountant who also has a physical disability.
METHODS
A review of the literature was undertaken to identify recommended principles and practices for the conduct of effective open employment and career development programs. A case study was used to describe Michael's experiences as he sought professional employment. Michael's experiences were analysed in relation to recommended principles and practice.
RESULTS
The analysis confirmed that the concerns Michael experienced about the supported employment program compromised the effectiveness of the support he received.
CONCLUSIONS
Employment services based on models of independent living, disability service standards and remediation are likely to focus on the 'pathology' or performance 'deficits' of the person with a disability. Successful open employment models are more likely to place pre-eminence on the perspective of the person with a disability and effective practices for securing employment.
Topics: Australia; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Employment; Humans; Job Application
PubMed: 20634615
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2010-1022 -
International Journal of Rehabilitation... Jun 1997The aim of this study is to determine the impact of a person's disability on the psychological, social, family and professional life of that person's siblings. The...
The aim of this study is to determine the impact of a person's disability on the psychological, social, family and professional life of that person's siblings. The research is based on a clinical method and case studies. An analysis is made of siblings' verbalizations in different contexts and with different aims: unstructured research interviews conducted with persons who do or do not have a sibling with a disability; meetings of parents, professionals and siblings of persons with a disability; family discussion-therapy. The study demonstrates the importance of giving siblings the opportunity to express themselves, be it about their difficulty in dealing positively with their unique family situations in social and family contexts; about their feelings of shame and guilt; about the distress caused to them by their urges to identify with the sibling with a disability. If denied such opportunities, they may develop symptoms that can seriously compromise their futures.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Aggression; Child; Cost of Illness; Disabled Persons; Family Therapy; Female; Guilt; Humans; Male; Parenting; Personality Assessment; Personality Development; Shame; Sibling Relations; Socialization
PubMed: 9226496
DOI: 10.1097/00004356-199706000-00002