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Rehabilitation Psychology May 2011Despite the broad stigmatization that people with disabilities experience, the ways they respond as targets of prejudice have received little attention in the...
OBJECTIVE
Despite the broad stigmatization that people with disabilities experience, the ways they respond as targets of prejudice have received little attention in the psychological literature. The present study examined the reactions of college students with disabilities to being primed with different aspects of their identity and how individual differences in stigma consciousness moderate this effect.
DESIGN
After being primed with their identity as a person with a disability or a student, college students with disabilities (n = 116) completed measures of autonomy-related thoughts, help-seeking, and stigma consciousness.
RESULTS
Students primed with their disability status activated autonomy-related thoughts less than the participants primed with their student identity. Moreover, as predicted, the priming manipulation had a stronger impact for participants higher in stigma consciousness. Across all participants, greater activation of autonomy-related thoughts was associated with a lower likelihood of seeking help.
CONCLUSION
Depending on the aspect of their identity that is most salient in a given context and their level of stigma consciousness, people with disabilities can access autonomy-related thoughts to a greater or lesser extent. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Awareness; Culture; Dependency, Psychological; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Female; Humans; Male; Personal Autonomy; Prejudice; Self Concept; Semantics; Set, Psychology; Social Stigma; Stereotyping; Young Adult
PubMed: 21574731
DOI: 10.1037/a0023039 -
Journal of Intellectual Disabilities :... Mar 2012This is the first of two articles presenting the findings of a qualitative study which explored the experiences of Registered Nurses Intellectual Disability (RNIDs) of...
Non-verbal communication between Registered Nurses Intellectual Disability and people with an intellectual disability: an exploratory study of the nurse's experiences. Part 1.
This is the first of two articles presenting the findings of a qualitative study which explored the experiences of Registered Nurses Intellectual Disability (RNIDs) of communicating with people with an intellectual disability who communicate non-verbally. The article reports and critically discusses the findings in the context of the policy and service delivery discourses of person-centredness, inclusion, choice and independence. Arguably, RNIDs are the profession who most frequently encounter people with an intellectual disability and communication impairment. The results suggest that the communication studied is both complicated and multifaceted. An overarching category of 'familiarity/knowing the person' encompasses discrete but related themes and subthemes that explain the process: the RNID knowing the service-user; the RNID/service-user relationship; and the value of experience. People with an intellectual disability, their families and disability services are facing a time of great change, and RNIDs will have a crucial role in supporting this transition.
Topics: Adult; Disabled Persons; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Interview, Psychological; Nonverbal Communication; Nurse-Patient Relations; Nurses; Nursing Care; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 22415748
DOI: 10.1177/1744629512440938 -
Nursing Philosophy : An International... Oct 2017The article addresses Jürgen Habermas' theory of communicative action, which offers very productive tools for analysing disability. The Habermasian division of social...
The article addresses Jürgen Habermas' theory of communicative action, which offers very productive tools for analysing disability. The Habermasian division of social reality helps examine positive and negative effects of tensions between the lifeworld of a person with disability and the system. By exploring such an individual's communicative action, one can obtain an insight into his/her validity claims and disruptions in the communication process and self-understandings inscribed in group narratives. The study reported in the article used in-depth interviews, which narratively reveal the experiences of a person with disability in family, education, sports and labour. The key findings are, first, that the rationalization of lifeworlds of people with disability increases while processes in which they are colonized by the system intensify; second, that education and family are significant factors in the raising of validity claims; and third, that validity claims as tools of verbal communication should be augmented with arguments from non-verbal language (e.g. gesture, empathy).
Topics: Attitude; Communication; Disabled Persons; Empathy; Humans; Psychological Distance; Social Norms
PubMed: 28164412
DOI: 10.1111/nup.12171 -
Problemy Sotsial'noi Gigieny,... Jan 2023The problem of perceiving person with disability as "atypical" individual is one of the most acute in modern society. The stereotypes and fears existing in conceptions...
The problem of perceiving person with disability as "atypical" individual is one of the most acute in modern society. The stereotypes and fears existing in conceptions of citizens regarding this category are negatively reflected in current intensive inclusive processes. The most negatively negative conceptions about persons with disabilities affect children population, aggravating processes of socialization and inclusion in social practices inherent to their "norm-typical" peers. The survey of population of the Euro-Arctic region, carried out by the author in 2022, to identify characteristics of perception of children with disabilities, established that negative perceptions prevail in assessments of children with disabilities. The results demonstrated that, basically, disabled subjects are perceived through assessments of their personal and behavioral characteristics, and not through the social conditions of their life. The results of the study made it possible to conclude that medical model of disability significantly impact on citizens' perceptions of persons with disabilities. The phenomenon of disability itself can be attributed to factors contributing to negative labeling of its subjects. The conclusions and results of the study can be used to develop positive image of disabled perdsons in the Russian socium in process of further development of inclusive processes.
Topics: Humans; Child; Disabled Persons; Russia
PubMed: 36801875
DOI: 10.32687/0869-866X-2023-31-1-55-59 -
Disability and Rehabilitation Aug 2017To synthesise research literature describing elements of community recreation and leisure activities that create meaningful participation experiences for children and... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To synthesise research literature describing elements of community recreation and leisure activities that create meaningful participation experiences for children and youth with disabilities.
METHOD
Database searches of Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC, SportDiscus, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science were conducted. Studies describing the experience of participating in a community-based programme or activity from the perspectives of children and youth with a disability aged 0-21 or their parents, and published in English were included. Meta-ethnography was used to synthesise qualitative data, and resulting themes were conceptualised in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Child and Youth version. Consultation with stakeholders occurred throughout the review process.
RESULTS
The search identified 9544 articles, of which 20 were included for review. Ten elements contributing to meaningful participation experiences were identified and organised as follows: person-based elements (n = 5; having fun, experiencing success, belonging, experiencing freedom, developing an identity); environment-focused elements (n = 4; authentic friendships, the opportunity to participate, role models, family support) and activity-related elements (n = 1; learning).
CONCLUSIONS
Elements contributing to meaningful leisure participation are interrelated. This review reveals the substantial contribution that meaningful interactions and relationships have in creating and facilitating positive and engaging experiences. Outcomes of this review may assist professionals in the design of targeted interventions to facilitate leisure participation. Implications for Rehabilitation Elements identified in this review may operate as core components of interventions that aim to optimise participation outcomes in community-based leisure activities. Supportive relationships and the availability of services are specific aspects of the environment that needs to be considered by health professionals to facilitate meaningful participation. Understanding the perspectives of the child is critical for assessing needs, preferences and goals relating to leisure participation in the community.
Topics: Adolescent; Anthropology, Cultural; Child; Disabled Persons; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Friends; Humans; Mental Competency; Patient Participation; Recreation; Social Environment
PubMed: 27442686
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2016.1207716 -
Disability and Rehabilitation Dec 2019To identify the most pressing needs for community resources to support physical activity participation, determinants of perceived need, and barriers to co-participation...
To identify the most pressing needs for community resources to support physical activity participation, determinants of perceived need, and barriers to co-participation in physical activity among people with multiple sclerosis (MS) who have moderate-to-severe disability and the family caregivers providing assistance to such individuals. Seventy-eight people with MS and 46 family caregivers participated in this cross-sectional survey study, guided by the Concerns Report Methodology. The results show differences between groups in rankings for some need items. However, three need items were prioritized by both people with MS and the family caregivers: (1) information about available resources to support physical activity participation, with Need Indexes of 76.6% and 52.3%, respectively; (2) programs that support joint participation of people with MS together with their caregivers in physical activity, with Need Indexes of 62.0% and 68.9%, respectively; and (3) programs that have affordable total cost of participation, with Need Indexes of 50.7% and 52.3%, respectively. A broad range of factors (i.e., education, living situation, type of community, marital status, employment, and income, as well as comorbidity status) was significantly associated with one or more of these need items. Several modifiable impairment-related, personal and logistical factors were identified by both groups as barriers to co-participation in physical activity. The findings highlight the complexity of developing community resources that target physical activity promotion in MS dyads. Importantly, our findings suggest that resources designed to influence dyadic physical activity participation need to include content that are responsive and tailored to both the needs of the person with MS and the unique needs of the family caregiver. The results also underscore the importance of reinforcing physical activity as a shared behavior and providing information about affordable options for exercising together to the benefit of each individual and the dyad (i.e., partnership). Overall, our findings provide a possible starting point to guide the identification of potential participants that might benefit the most from future intervention development work.Implications for rehabilitationMS has life-altering consequences for people with the disease and the family caregivers who support such individuals.Rehabilitation professionals need to reinforce physical activity as a shared behavior and provide information about affordable options for exercising together to the benefit of each individual and the dyad.A "one-size-fits-all" approach is not appropriate, therefore, clinicians need to identify flexible and pragmatic strategies to increase dyadic participation in the presence of unique caregiver and care-recipients barriers that might impede such an increase.
Topics: Adult; Caregivers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disabled Persons; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Needs Assessment; Social Support
PubMed: 29958014
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1479781 -
The Journals of Gerontology. Series B,... May 2008The aim of this study was to assess which social status factors predispose a person to dying with activity of daily living (ADL) disability in later life.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to assess which social status factors predispose a person to dying with activity of daily living (ADL) disability in later life.
METHODS
We followed 243 deceased members of the Swiss Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study on the Oldest Old annually up to 8 years before their deaths. Using a multilevel regression, we analyzed age at death, gender, occupational category, and geographic area as potential factors predisposing a person to ending life with ADL disability.
RESULTS
Disability scores showed a substantial increase as death approached. Individuals from a lower occupational category were at higher risk of ADL disability and experienced a greater functional decline prior to death compared to those from higher occupational categories.
DISCUSSION
Consistent with the cumulative disadvantage theoretical framework, the health differential between the occupational categories seems to be exacerbated prior to death.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Demography; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Female; Humans; Male; Mortality; Social Class
PubMed: 18559694
DOI: 10.1093/geronb/63.3.s192 -
Bundesgesundheitsblatt,... Sep 2016The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) demands actions to improve participation of people with disability and to remove barriers that hinder... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) demands actions to improve participation of people with disability and to remove barriers that hinder participation in society on an equal basis with others. Policymaking in this area requires reliable and detailed data on all aspects of disability. Up to now, there has been no standardized tool for collecting data on disability and participation in the general population. In November 2011, WHO, in collaboration with the World Bank, started the development of the Model Disability Survey (MDS). The MDS addresses WHO's conceptualization of disability as an outcome of interactions between a person with a health condition and contextual factors.
OBJECTIVES
Presentation of the development and implementation of the MDS and the guidelines for standardized data analysis.
METHODS
The development of the MDS was performed in three phases: (1) situation analysis and drafting an alpha version, (2) testing and piloting the alpha version and (3) implementation.
RESULTS
The MDS is consequently designed as a survey for the general population without using filters. It has a modular structure and consists of two parts (household questionnaire and individual questionnaire with eight modules). This format allows for its use as a stand alone survey as well as its integration in other (national) surveys. The MDS has been cognitive tested, piloted and implemented in several countries.
CONCLUSIONS
The MDS is the first general population survey that provides standardized, detailed and nuanced information on disability and participation of the general population to monitor the implementation of the UNCRPD.
Topics: Data Mining; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Germany; Health Services Research; Humans; Internationality; Population Surveillance; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Social Isolation; Social Marginalization; Social Participation
PubMed: 27492316
DOI: 10.1007/s00103-016-2412-x -
Prosthetics and Orthotics International Sep 2008Moving beyond Disability was the theme of the 12th World Congress of the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics. This paper is a reflection of one of the... (Review)
Review
Moving beyond Disability was the theme of the 12th World Congress of the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics. This paper is a reflection of one of the keynote lectures discussing the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Multicultural aspects in disability and sexuality in amputees will be discussed within the ICF perspective. Finally, Internet and research in the light of having a disability are positioned within the theme.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adaptation, Psychological; Disabled Persons; Humans; Quality of Life
PubMed: 18609035
DOI: 10.1080/03093640802067061 -
Disability and Rehabilitation 2008The current articles reviews the epidemiology of disability in Ireland, discusses the political and social factors which have increased focus on disability issues and... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The current articles reviews the epidemiology of disability in Ireland, discusses the political and social factors which have increased focus on disability issues and offers training guidelines for rehabilitation psychology based on those of the APA's Rehabilitation Psychology Division.
RATIONALE
With the growing number of individuals with acquired (vs developmental) disabilities in Ireland, there is increased recognition of the need to train psychologists to assist persons with acquired disabilities (e.g. spinal cord injury, acquired brain injury, stroke, etc.) in adjusting to their impairments, reintegrating back into their communities and reducing the long-term financial costs associated with disability.
CONCLUSION
Social and political factors suggest that the time is right to develop rehabilitation psychology as a specialty in Ireland given the increased focus on disability in Ireland, including recently passed disability legislation (i.e. 2005 Disability Bill), international events (e.g. 2003 Dublin World Special Olympics) and increases in rehabilitation training programmes (i.e. medicine; physio, occupational and speech therapy).
Topics: Disabled Persons; Health Policy; Humans; Ireland; Mental Disorders; Needs Assessment
PubMed: 17852273
DOI: 10.1080/09638280701395708