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European Journal of Physical and... Dec 2008Houses may become hostile and dangerous. To provide autonomy and safety of action and to optimize residual sensory and motor faculties, living units can be redesigned...
Houses may become hostile and dangerous. To provide autonomy and safety of action and to optimize residual sensory and motor faculties, living units can be redesigned according to the new needs of the disabled person, without ignoring the harmony of the house. Formerly, designers used to focus on architectural barriers and on the creation of ''special'' products for ''particular'' cases. Currently, they prefer to look for components and objects which answer the needs of a wider range of users. The Authors were involved in the case of a 41-year old patient, who has been paraplegic from 8 years due to a D10 injury. Such a patient expressed a strong need to be autonomous at home. After having considered the patient's requests and expectations of autonomy, the Authors analyzed the patient's house to evaluate carefully her determination and the actual possibility of collaboration. Then, they analyzed the existing technical literature and drawn up a program based on four main types of environmental interventions, also using the legislative support provided by the current laws on this subject: 1) breaking down of architectural barriers; 2) design and plant engineering; 3) accessible furniture; 4) aids for personal autonomy. The result was positive both in terms of structural targets achieved and subject's personal satisfaction and autonomy. The variety of functional limits of the person as well as the complexity of the living units to be renovated, make problem solving not univocal. Although in such an experience the control of expenditure was evaluated and reached, such an aspect cannot be compared to similar studies.
Topics: Adult; Architectural Accessibility; Disabled Persons; Female; Humans; Interior Design and Furnishings; Spinal Cord Injuries
PubMed: 19002095
DOI: No ID Found -
Kinderkrankenschwester : Organ Der... Dec 2016
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Disabled Persons; Female; Germany; Human Rights; Humans; Illusions; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Persons with Mental Disabilities; Pregnancy; Psychological Distance; Television; Young Adult
PubMed: 30387968
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC International Health and Human... May 2018The last decade has seen improved public awareness of disability in sub-Saharan Africa. However, negative and stereotypical views of disability still persist in many...
BACKGROUND
The last decade has seen improved public awareness of disability in sub-Saharan Africa. However, negative and stereotypical views of disability still persist in many communities. We conducted a study to promote awareness of disability in rural Kenya, using a process of reflection and education. This paper reports on the second aspect - education. The research question was: How can personal narratives of living with disability affect community attitudes and responses to disability?
METHODS
A qualitative phenomenological approach was adopted. Twenty community-based groups involving 249 participants took part. Each group participated in one focus group discussion at baseline, to explore the members' personal experiences and views of disability. The intervention involved three adults with disabilities sharing their personal narratives with each group. After the intervention, repeat focus group discussions were conducted with each group. Thematic analysis was carried out according to the framework method.
RESULTS
The emergent framework consisted of four main themes, organised as opposing constructs: 'burden' and 'agency', 'sub-human' and 'human'. 'Burden' focused on the perceived hopelessness of the situation. Post-intervention revealed greater support for the 'agency' of persons with disabilities, evidenced by what the person could do, rather than their inability, and the relevance of support. The 'sub-human' to 'human' construct captured dehumanising and discriminating practice towards persons with disabilities on one side, and recognition of the person and inclusion in the community on the other. Whilst support and empathy were evident at the pre-intervention stage, post-intervention revealed greater recognition of people with disabilities as fellow human beings.
CONCLUSION
This study provides a proof of concept regarding the deployment of persons with disabilities as agents for change. Exposure to experts-by-experience provided community groups with opportunities to reflect on, examine and adjust their views on disability in this rural part of Kenya. The sharing of personal narratives appeared to resonate with group members, to encourage recognition of the person and not just the disability, and to move their resolve toward ideas for collective action. Further research is needed to assess the effects of such interventions.
Topics: Adult; Delivery of Health Care; Disabled Persons; Female; Focus Groups; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Kenya; Male; Middle Aged; Narration; Perception; Qualitative Research; Rural Population
PubMed: 29739403
DOI: 10.1186/s12914-018-0158-2 -
Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation Mar 2014One of the most important rehabilitation goals is to return people with disabilities to paid employment. The purposes of this study were (1) to explore employment status...
PURPOSE
One of the most important rehabilitation goals is to return people with disabilities to paid employment. The purposes of this study were (1) to explore employment status and (2) to identify factors that may affect the employment outcomes of people with disabilities who received Disability Employment Services (DES).
METHODS
A retrospective study was conducted on clients who commenced and closed DES between January 2008 and December 2010 in a metropolitan city in Taiwan, using the files from the National Vocational Rehabilitation Services Documentary System.
RESULTS
Sixty-nine percent (1,684 out of 2,452) of the clients in this study were engaged in paid employment after receiving DES. Logistic regression analyses indicated that clients with no psychiatric disability or mild impairment and with useful vocational qualifications, typical work experience, more post-employment services, and less pre-employment services were associated with a higher rate of successful employment outcomes.
CONCLUSION
This study provides empirical evidence of the association between person- and DES-related factors and the employment outcomes of people with disabilities. Future improvements in health, school-to-work transition services, and vocational rehabilitation for people with disabilities should place more emphasis on providing work-based work experience, professional vocational training, access to college/professional education, career exploration, effective supported employment services, and other post-employment services.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Disabled Persons; Employment, Supported; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Predictive Value of Tests; Rehabilitation Centers; Rehabilitation, Vocational; Retrospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Taiwan; Urban Population; Young Adult
PubMed: 23512347
DOI: 10.1007/s10926-013-9433-1 -
International Journal of... Oct 2011In order to provide appropriate service and support to people with lifelong disability, including those who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC),...
In order to provide appropriate service and support to people with lifelong disability, including those who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), speech-language pathologists need to develop positive attitudes to people with disability and a holistic approach. The aim of this paper was to explore final year students' and new graduates' perceptions of the impact of lectures by people with lifelong disability on their attitudes and learning. Fourteen final year speech-language pathology students and nine graduates who had been practising for a year participated in four focus groups to discuss their perceptions of four 50-minute lectures by people with lifelong disability and communication impairment. A content analysis of the focus group transcripts revealed five themes; understanding the perspectives of people with disability, seeing the person as a whole, attitudes, working in the field, and gaps in the lectures. Overall there were few differences between the groups that were not accounted for by clinical experience. Participants agreed that the lectures were interesting and informative and provided new insights into lifelong disability, but were an adjunct to a learning process that also required theoretical lectures or clinical practice.
Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Communication; Communication Disorders; Comprehension; Disabled Persons; Female; Focus Groups; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Learning; Male; New South Wales; Perception; Speech-Language Pathology; Students; Teaching
PubMed: 20964515
DOI: 10.3109/17549507.2011.513738 -
Rehabilitation Psychology Feb 2016This article reviewed foundational principles in rehabilitation psychology and explored their application to global health imperatives as outlined in the World Report on... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE
This article reviewed foundational principles in rehabilitation psychology and explored their application to global health imperatives as outlined in the World Report on Disability (World Health Organization & World Bank, 2011).
RESEARCH METHOD/DESIGN
Historical theories and perspectives are used to assist with conceptual formulation as applied to emerging international rehabilitation psychology topics.
RESULTS
According to the World Report on Disability (World Health Organization & World Bank, 2011), there are approximately 1 billion individuals living with some form of disability globally. An estimated 80% of persons with disabilities live in low- to middle-income countries (WHO, 2006). The primary messages and recommendations of the World Report on Disability have been previously summarized as it relates to potential opportunities for contribution within the field of rehabilitation psychology (MacLachlan & Mannan, 2014). Yet, undeniable barriers remain to realizing the full potential for contributions in low- to middle-income country settings.
CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS
A vision for engaging in international capacity building and public health efforts is needed within the field of rehabilitation psychology. Foundational rehabilitation psychology principles have application to the service of individuals with disabilities in areas of the world facing complex socioeconomic and sociopolitical challenges. Foundational principles of person-environment interaction, importance of social context, and need for involvement of persons with disabilities can provide guidance to the field as it relates to global health and rehabilitation efforts. The authors illustrate the application of rehabilitation psychology foundational principles through case examples and description of ongoing work, and link foundational principles to discreet domains of intervention going forward.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Global Health; Humans; Internationality; Psychology; World Health Organization
PubMed: 26881308
DOI: 10.1037/rep0000068 -
Archives of Physical Medicine and... Feb 2017Within the context of physical disability, participation has typically been conceptualized in terms of one's performance of different roles and activities. This... (Review)
Review
Within the context of physical disability, participation has typically been conceptualized in terms of one's performance of different roles and activities. This perspective, however, ignores the meanings and satisfactions that a person derives from participating. Without an accepted conceptualization of participation that accounts for people's subjective perceptions and experiences, it is challenging for decision-makers and service providers to design meaningful participation-enhancing services, programs, and policies. Accordingly, our objectives were (1) to conduct a review of definitions and conceptualizations of participation that extend beyond performance and capture people's subjective experiences of participating and (2) to identify key experiential aspects of participation that can be used as a basis for conceptualizing and operationalizing the concept more broadly. The project involved a systematic, configurative review of relevant literature. Ten relevant articles were identified. Information on characteristics associated with experiential aspects of participation was extracted and subjected to a thematic analysis. The following 6 themes emerged: autonomy, belongingness, challenge, engagement, mastery, and meaning. Drawing on these findings, it is recommended that the individual's subjective perceptions of autonomy, belongingness, challenge, engagement, mastery, and meaning associated with participating be incorporated into conceptualizations and operationalizations of the participation construct. This recommendation provides a starting point for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers to conceptualize and measure the participation concept more consistently and more broadly.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Humans; Physical Therapy Modalities; Social Environment; Social Participation
PubMed: 27216222
DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2016.04.017 -
Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 2003As a teacher and philosopher, Dr. Kate Lindemann has spent much of her professional life thinking about morality in human relationships. Critical analyses abound about... (Review)
Review
As a teacher and philosopher, Dr. Kate Lindemann has spent much of her professional life thinking about morality in human relationships. Critical analyses abound about the obligations and particular responsibilities of health care providers to patients, teachers to students, etc. Such analyses often emphasize the inherent inequality, and thus vulnerability, of those who are the recipients of care or knowledge. Though familiar with the ethics of care as a moral framework, Dr. Lindemann's perspectives on such relationships were profoundly affected and forever altered after acquiring a brain injury in 1998. The current manuscript describes how her views on caring acts as not only dynamic but reciprocal have been shaped by her experiences during rehabilitation and as a person now living with disability.
Topics: Adult; Attitude to Health; Caregivers; Charities; Disabled Persons; Ethics, Medical; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Patient Care; Social Justice
PubMed: 14750546
DOI: 10.1023/b:meta.0000006927.95755.a8 -
Journal of Advanced Nursing Mar 2009This paper is a report of a study conducted to identify the determinants of quality of life for older people with a disability living in the community and to construct a...
AIM
This paper is a report of a study conducted to identify the determinants of quality of life for older people with a disability living in the community and to construct a model to explain these.
BACKGROUND
There is no consensus in the literature as to the meaning of quality of life. Few studies have focused on the determinants of quality of life for people with a disability.
METHODS
A grounded theory study was conducted between 2005 and 2006, using semi-structured interviews to collect data. The constant comparative technique was used to analyse data. The sample comprised 122 older people with one of six disabilities: stroke (n = 20), arthritis (20), depression (20), vision and hearing deficits (20), learning disability (24) or dementia (18) who were living in the community.
FINDINGS
A model of the factors that determine quality of life of older people with a disability was developed. 'Living well' was conceptualized as the core category. The potential to 'live well' was influenced by foundation, mediating and facilitating/constraining factors. Quality of life of older people with a disability was revealed as a complex mix of these factors.
CONCLUSION
Quality of life cannot be fully understood unless the totality of factors that have an impact on and shape perceptions are taken into account. The model implies that good support from nurses, a focus on a person's abilities and access to information and connectedness to others can make a difference and may help people cope in a better way.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Disabled Persons; Female; Humans; Ireland; Male; Middle Aged; Quality of Life
PubMed: 19222658
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04929.x -
Rehabilitation Psychology May 2020Health care providers' attitudes of marginalized groups can be key factors that contribute to health care access and outcome disparities because of their influence on...
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE
Health care providers' attitudes of marginalized groups can be key factors that contribute to health care access and outcome disparities because of their influence on patient encounters as well as clinical decision-making. Despite a growing body of knowledge linking disparate health outcomes to providers' clinical decision making, less research has focused on providers' attitudes about disability. The aim of this study was to examine providers' explicit and implicit disability attitudes, interactions between their attitudes, and correlates of explicit and implicit bias. Research Method/Design: We analyzed secondary data from 25,006 health care providers about their disability attitudes. In addition to analyzing people's explicit and implicit attitudes (Disability Attitudes Implicit Association Test), we used Son Hing, Chung-Yan, Hamilton, & Zanna's (2008) model of two-dimensional prejudice to compare provider's explicit and implicit attitudes. Finally, we used linear regression models to examine correlates of providers' explicit and implicit attitudes.
RESULTS
While on average, provider's explicit attitudes ( = 4.41) indicated little prejudice, their implicit attitudes ( = 0.54) revealed they moderately preferred nondisabled people-they were aversive ableists. Correlates of providers' explicit and implicit attitudes also included age, gender, political orientation, and having relationships with disability (friends, family, and being a person with disability).
CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS
This study revealed that despite a majority of providers self-reporting not being biased against people with disabilities, implicitly, the overwhelming majority were biased. This study's findings can be used to better understand how provider disability bias can contribute to inequitable health care access and health outcomes for people with disabilities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Adult; Attitude of Health Personnel; Disabled Persons; Female; Health Personnel; Health Services for Persons with Disabilities; Humans; Male; Prejudice; Young Adult
PubMed: 32105109
DOI: 10.1037/rep0000317