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Disability and Rehabilitation Feb 2004This paper describes the conceptual foundation and systematic framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) as a mechanism... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
This paper describes the conceptual foundation and systematic framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) as a mechanism for understanding the course and consequences of various health related states. The specific application of the ICF with persons with cognitive dysfunction is also presented.
METHOD
A comprehensive literature review related to the conceptualization of the ICF, its classification scheme and coding process is presented. Information on cognitive disorders including prevalence, functional manifestations and the assessment of a person's cognitive functioning and the applicability of the ICF's holistic classification and coding of cognitive dysfunction within the components of body structure and function, activity and participation, and environmental attributes is also reviewed.
CONCLUSION
The ICF has the potential to classify and interpret cognitive deficits on a global level and thereby reflects upon the overall health and functioning of the individual in major life activities. The coding system systematically organizes measures related to the person's cognitive status and the resulting functional outcomes. The ICF focuses on individuals' performance of activities in all aspects of life and validates the independence and well-being of persons with disabilities making it an important instrument to be used by rehabilitation professionals.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Cognition Disorders; Communication Aids for Disabled; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Family; Health Status; Holistic Health; Humans; International Classification of Diseases; Mental Health; Models, Organizational; Reproducibility of Results; Social Support; Transportation of Patients
PubMed: 15164957
DOI: 10.1080/09638280310001644889 -
Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation Dec 2018Purpose Amputation is a life changing event that can significantly impact an individual's physical and mental well-being. Our objective was to review literature... (Review)
Review
Purpose Amputation is a life changing event that can significantly impact an individual's physical and mental well-being. Our objective was to review literature exploring the impact of amputation upon a person's functioning and inclusion in the workplace. Methods Medline, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched using keywords related to amputation, employment and community reintegration. Eligible studies were published since 2000 and one of the following study designs: randomized controlled trial, non-randomized controlled trial, retrospective study, prospective study, concurrent cohort study, or cross sectional study. Studies for civilians with amputation as well as service members and Veterans with amputation were considered for inclusion. Results The search identified 995 articles, 25 of which met inclusion/exclusion criteria and were included in the review. While strong evidence for correlations and predictors of outcomes after amputation were limited, multiple factors were identified as contributing to physical functioning and employment after amputation. Conclusions Outcomes after amputation can vary widely with many potentially inter-related factors contributing. The factors identified may also serve to inform the development of interventions aiming to improve functional performance and reintegration after amputation. Furthermore, the review highlights the need for more high quality prospective studies.
Topics: Amputation, Traumatic; Disabled Persons; Employment; Humans; Lower Extremity; Rehabilitation, Vocational; Return to Work; Self-Help Devices; Upper Extremity; Walking
PubMed: 29397480
DOI: 10.1007/s10926-018-9757-y -
Journal of Intellectual Disability... Dec 2014The interactions experienced by adults with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) with their disability support workers (DSWs) may have a large impact...
BACKGROUND
The interactions experienced by adults with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) with their disability support workers (DSWs) may have a large impact on life quality. However, defining good-quality interaction has presented challenges for this group. It has been suggested that in typically developing infant-mother dyads, the presence of affect attunement may be an indicator of quality. Affect attunement refers to the recasting of one person's affect by another with emphasis.
METHOD
The presence and nature of affect attunement in interactions between 21 pairs of adults with PIMD and their DSWs were explored in this study. Natural interactions were videorecorded for 21 pairs of adults with PIMD and their DSWs. The recordings were analysed for the presence and nature of affect attunement incidents, and analysed using descriptive statistics.
RESULTS
Affect attunement incidents were observed in 16 of the pairs. The DSW's attunement behaviour was in response to subtle, short duration behaviours of participants with PIMD.
CONCLUSION
These brief moments of connection may be a basis of good-quality interaction.
Topics: Adult; Affect; Caregivers; Disabled Persons; Female; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Male; Middle Aged; Professional-Patient Relations; Young Adult
PubMed: 24266858
DOI: 10.1111/jir.12103 -
Nursing Ethics May 2000This article critically explores the notion of those sociopolitical spaces that are 'disability', 'holism' and 'genetics', arguing from the perspectives of someone who... (Review)
Review
This article critically explores the notion of those sociopolitical spaces that are 'disability', 'holism' and 'genetics', arguing from the perspectives of someone who identifies as having a disability. Medical genetics is seen to reflect the ideology and dominant biomedical reductionist thought. In contrast with this, it is proposed that disability and health are inherently social. A nursing approach is seen to recognize the social and holistic nature of the human person and to present a critical reflection on the reductionistic applications of medical genetics.
Topics: Attitude to Health; Disabled Persons; Ethics, Nursing; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Genetic Privacy; Genetics, Medical; Holistic Health; Humans; Models, Nursing; Patient Advocacy; Philosophy, Nursing; Social Values
PubMed: 10986946
DOI: 10.1177/096973300000700305 -
Health Services Research Jun 2020To examine the effects of transition challenges on the success and timeliness of transitions from institutions to community living for long-stay participants in the...
OBJECTIVE
To examine the effects of transition challenges on the success and timeliness of transitions from institutions to community living for long-stay participants in the Money Follows the Person (MFP) Rebalancing Demonstration and determine whether outcomes vary by age and disability.
DATA SOURCE
Secondary data on transition challenges for individuals enrolled in Connecticut's MFP program between December 2008 and December 2017.
STUDY DESIGN
Challenges were analyzed for older adults, people with mental health disability, and people with physical disability. Bivariate and multivariate analyses investigated which transition challenges and selected demographic variables predict transition versus closure and length of transition period for each group.
DATA EXTRACTION METHODS
The sample includes 3506 persons who attempted transition from institutions to community living and whose case concluded with transition or closure from 2015 to 2017.
PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
The association between most transition challenges and the ability of long-stay institutional residents to return to the community, and to do so in a timely manner, varies significantly among older adults and younger persons with physical or mental health disabilities. For all groups, however, consumer engagement challenges predicted closure without transition (OR: 1.3-3.9) and housing challenges predicted longer transition periods (84-132 days). Length of institutional stay was associated with both outcomes for older adults and persons with physical disability. Other challenges, such as issues with services and supports, differed among the three groups on both outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
Knowledge of the effects of transition challenges on success and timeliness of transition for each group allows program managers and health and service providers to focus resources on addressing the most serious challenges. Particular emphasis should be placed on consumer engagement and housing challenges, and on targeting persons for transition early in their institutional stay. Federal and state transition programs can benefit by individualizing supports for residents to yield successful outcomes.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Connecticut; Disabled Persons; Female; Housing; Humans; Male; Patient Care Team; Persons with Mental Disabilities; Residential Facilities; Social Work; Time Factors
PubMed: 31989595
DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.13267 -
Life Sciences, Society and Policy Jun 2021People with disabilities face attitudinal barriers including prejudice, stereotypes, and low expectations. Many young people without disabilities may doubt that people...
People with disabilities face attitudinal barriers including prejudice, stereotypes, and low expectations. Many young people without disabilities may doubt that people with disabilities can be fulfilling partners in any loving adult relationship. The objective of the present research was to assess the willingness of non-disabled youth to engage in conjugal relationships with persons with disabilities in Wolaita Sodo town, Ethiopia. Both descriptive and explanatory study designs were used and quantitative data were collected. A self-administered questionnaire was designed and distributed to randomly selected 403 (202 females & 201 males) unmarried youth. Data analysis was undertaken using SPSS software in which both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were utilized for data presentation. The result showed that most (85.5%) of the young people without disabilities participated in the survey were not willing to have any type of personal relationships with persons with disabilities and the main reason for 44.2% of these respondents being the fear of reaction from family members. Furthermore, it was found that the level of willingness of youth without disabilities to engage in romantic love and marital relationships was not influenced by the socio-economic status of people with disabilities. Moreover, the result of binary logistic regression analysis showed that the willingness of respondents to have marital and romantic love relationship with persons with disabilities is significantly associated to the sex (OR = 2.376; P < 0.05; 95%CI = 1.210, 4.664), raised-up area (OR = 2.512; P < 0.01; 95%CI = 1.319, 4.783), age (OR = 2.886; P < 0.05; 95%CI = 1.012, 8.228) and the presence of person with disability in the family (OR = 3.945; P < 0.01; 95%CI = 1.648, 9.442) of respondents. The findings of the present research demonstrate that people with disabilities have continued to face stereotypes and discriminations. Such stereotypes extend to assuming them as asexual and unfit to carryout roles that arise from love or marital relationships which violates the rights of PWDs to form their own family and have children. It is therefore, important to raise the awareness of young people about the differences between disability and sexuality and that physical disability has nothing to do with sexuality and relationship formation.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Disabled Persons; Female; Humans; Love; Male; Marriage; Sexual Behavior; Sexuality
PubMed: 34154669
DOI: 10.1186/s40504-021-00114-w -
Ciencia & Saude Coletiva Aug 2013The way people deal with the stress of life is known as the process of coping or confrontation. We speak of religious coping when a person uses religious belief and...
The way people deal with the stress of life is known as the process of coping or confrontation. We speak of religious coping when a person uses religious belief and behavior to facilitate problem solving, to prevent or alleviate stressful negative emotional consequences, notable among which is functional disability. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of religion as a strategy for coping with disability among the elderly. A qualitative approach, consisting of an observational ethnographic study was employed, the sample for which included 57 elderly individuals from Bambuí, Minas Gerais. The model of signs, significances and actions was used in collecting and analyzing data. The religiosity of the elderly respondents suggested that their religious beliefs and traditions help explain and address the suffering experienced by them in the presence or imminence of functional disability. Religious coping reinforces the fatalism existing in the religious belief that mirrors the inevitability of old age with disability as an accepted and natural social code, but also helps to minimize the social responsibility for the care of the elderly and reveals the disbelief in existing public health services.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Disabled Persons; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Religion
PubMed: 23896914
DOI: 10.1590/s1413-81232013000800016 -
Developmental Medicine and Child... Feb 2017
Topics: Disabled Persons; Humans; Time Perception
PubMed: 28044320
DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.13334 -
Clinical Rehabilitation Mar 2023What is rehabilitation? From 1994 to 2021, while I was privileged to be Editor of Clinical Rehabilitation, I explored this in editorials. I also encouraged and selected...
What is rehabilitation? From 1994 to 2021, while I was privileged to be Editor of Clinical Rehabilitation, I explored this in editorials. I also encouraged and selected submissions that considered, in one way or another, the central features of rehabilitation. Why? Because when I started in rehabilitation, the general attitude among doctors and other healthcare professionals was that rehabilitation was pleasant but with no evidence of effectiveness. Further, they did not think a doctor had a role to play and did not think there was anything special for rehabilitation experts to know or have skills in. In this editorial, I discuss how, as editor, I used my position to support and encourage the publication of articles that produced evidence, considered the conceptual and scientific basis of rehabilitation, and ultimately answered the above question. I illustrate this with a few specific papers published in Clinical Rehabilitation. After 30 years, I have concluded that the essential feature characterising rehabilitation is its way of thinking about the patient's problems and how to solve them. Rehabilitation is holistic, person-centred, and concerned about social integration rather than disease or disability. Moreover, there is a mass of evidence showing it benefits patients.
Topics: Humans; Disabled Persons; Health Personnel
PubMed: 36203369
DOI: 10.1177/02692155221131248 -
Culture, Health & Sexuality Feb 2018There is good reason to believe that the attitudes of persons without disability towards dating a person with a physical disability might be unfavourable. However, in...
There is good reason to believe that the attitudes of persons without disability towards dating a person with a physical disability might be unfavourable. However, in general, and in the Global South in particular, there is a dearth of research in this area. This study sought to take the first step in addressing this lack of enquiry, by surveying the attitudes of a general population sample in South Africa towards dating people with physical disabilities, using a vignette. Data from 1723 survey respondents were analysed thematically. Findings reveal largely negative attitudes towards people with physical disabilities. Respondents without disability perceived numerous barriers to dating a person with a physical disability, including social stigma, anxiety and concerns about the burden of care they believed such a relationship would place upon them. However, there was some evidence to suggest that some positive attitudes do exist, and a few respondents were open to dating a person with physical disabilities. Findings contribute to a nuancing and expanding of the 'myth of asexuality' among physically disabled people by showing that people with physical disabilities are actively desexualised by persons without disability. Future research is needed to explore how the inclusive attitudes, of which we did find evidence here, can be further cultivated.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Attitude to Health; Disabled Persons; Female; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Middle Aged; Sexual Behavior; South Africa; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 28633559
DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2017.1334964