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South African Medical Journal =... Jun 1961
Topics: Humans; Laboratories; Research
PubMed: 13731112
DOI: No ID Found -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2019The wound-healing assay is commonly and widely used for investigating collective cell migration under various physical and chemical stimuli. Substrate-coating materials...
The wound-healing assay is commonly and widely used for investigating collective cell migration under various physical and chemical stimuli. Substrate-coating materials are shown to affect the wound-healing process in a cell-type dependent manner. However, experiment-to-experiment variations make it difficult to compare results from different assays. In this paper, a modified barrier wound-healing assay was reported for studying the wound-healing process on different substrates in one single petri dish. In short, half of a dish was covered with the tape, and coating materials, poly-l-lysine and gelatin, were applied to the surface. After peeling off the tape, half of the surface was coated with the desired material. Then a customized barrier was placed inside the dish to create the wound. The results indicated that surface coating did not affect cell proliferation/viability, and the wound-healing rate increased in coated surfaces compared to uncoated ones. The present study provides a platform for further understanding the mechanisms of substrate coating-dependent wound-healing processes.
PubMed: 31470524
DOI: 10.3390/ma12172775 -
Bioelectromagnetics 1996Crawford TEM cells are often used to expose cell cultures or small animals in order to study the effects caused by high-frequency fields. They are self-contained,...
Crawford TEM cells are often used to expose cell cultures or small animals in order to study the effects caused by high-frequency fields. They are self-contained, easy-to-use setups that provide a rather homogeneous field distribution in a large area around its center, corresponding approximately to far-field conditions. However, a number of conditions must be met if such TEM cells are intended to be used for in vitro experiments. For instance, poor interaction with the incident field must be maintained to avoid significant field disturbances in the TEM cell. This is best achieved with E-polarization, i.e., when the E-field vector is normal to the investigated cell layer lining the bottom of a synthetic Petri dish. In addition, E-polarization provides the most homogeneous field distribution of all polarizations within the entire layer of cells. In this paper, we present a detailed dosimetric assessment for 60 and 100 mm Petri dishes as well as for a 48-well titer plate at 835 MHz. The dosimetry was performed by using numerical computations. The modeling and the simplifications are validated by a second numerical technique and by experimental measurements. For thin liquid layers, an approximation formula is provided with which the induced field strength for many other experiments conducted in Petri dishes can be assessed reliably.
Topics: Absorption; Algorithms; Animals; Cell Culture Techniques; Cells; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Cytological Techniques; Electromagnetic Fields; Humans; Models, Biological; Radiation Dosage; Reproducibility of Results; Thermometers
PubMed: 8986366
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(1996)17:6<483::AID-BEM8>3.0.CO;2-# -
Vaccine Jan 2017Malaria in pregnancy is associated with significant morbidity in pregnant women and their offspring. Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes (IE) express VAR2CSA... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Malaria in pregnancy is associated with significant morbidity in pregnant women and their offspring. Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes (IE) express VAR2CSA that mediates binding to chondroitin sulphate A (CSA) in the placenta. Two VAR2CSA-based vaccines for placental malaria are in clinical development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the robustness and comparability of binding inhibition assays used in the clinical development of placental malaria vaccines.
METHODS
The ability of sera from animals immunised with different VAR2CSA constructs to inhibit IE binding to CSA was investigated in three in vitro assays using 96-well plates, petri dishes, capillary flow and an ex vivo placental perfusion assay.
RESULTS
The inter-assay variation was not uniform between assays and ranged from above ten-fold in the flow assay to two-fold in the perfusion assay. The intra-assay variation was highest in the petri dish assay. A positive correlation between IE binding avidity and the level of binding after antibody inhibition in the petri dish assay indicate that high avidity IE binding is more difficult to inhibit. The highest binding inhibition sensitivity was found in the 96-well and petri dish assays compared to the flow and perfusion assays where binding inhibition required higher antibody titers.
CONCLUSIONS
The inhibitory capacity of antibodies is not easily translated between assays and the high sensitivity of the 96-well and petri dish assays stresses the need for comparing serial dilutions of serum. Furthermore, IE binding avidity must be in the same range when comparing data from different days. There was an overall concordance in the capacity of antibody-mediated inhibition, when comparing the in vitro assays with the perfusion assay, which more closely represents in vivo conditions. Importantly the ID1-ID2a protein in a liposomal formulation, currently in a phase I trial, effectively induced antibodies that inhibited IE adhesion in placental tissue.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Protozoan; Antigens, Protozoan; Cell Adhesion; Chondroitin Sulfates; Cytological Techniques; Drug Discovery; Erythrocytes; Female; Malaria Vaccines; Malaria, Falciparum; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Placenta Diseases; Pregnancy; Rabbits; Rats, Wistar; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 28012775
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.12.028 -
The Journal of Legal Medicine Jun 2006
Topics: Contracts; Cryopreservation; Divorce; Embryo Disposition; Embryo, Mammalian; Federal Government; Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Humans; Informed Consent; Male; Marriage; Ownership; Reproductive Rights; State Government; Tissue Banks; Tissue Donors; United States
PubMed: 16728352
DOI: 10.1080/01947640600716408 -
The Journal of Parasitology Dec 1964
Topics: Equipment and Supplies; Microscopy
PubMed: 14244813
DOI: No ID Found -
Scientific Reports Sep 2022In invasion scenarios, native and introduced species co-occur creating new interactions and modifying existing ones. Many plant-plant and plant-insect interactions are...
In invasion scenarios, native and introduced species co-occur creating new interactions and modifying existing ones. Many plant-plant and plant-insect interactions are mediated by volatile organic compounds (VOCs), however, these have seldom been studied in an invasion context. To fill this knowledge gap, we explored some interactions mediated by VOCs between native and introduced plants and insects in a New Zealand system. We investigated whether a native plant, Leptospermum scoparium (mānuka), changes its volatile profile when grown adjacent to two European introduced plants, Calluna vulgaris (heather) and Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom), in a semi-field trial using potted plants without above- or below-ground physical contact. We also investigated the influence of plant cues on the host-searching behaviour of two beetles, the native Pyronota festiva (mānuka beetle), and the introduced biocontrol agent Lochmaea suturalis (heather beetle), by offering them their host-plant and non-host volatiles versus clean air, and their combination in a Y-tube olfactometer. As a follow-up, we performed preference/feeding tests in Petri dishes with fresh plant material. Results of the semi-field experiment show a significant reduction in green leaf volatiles, sesquiterpenes and total volatile emissions by mānuka plants neighbouring heather. In the Y-tube assays, the native beetle P. festiva performed poorly in discriminating between host and non-host plants based on plant volatile cues only. However, it performed relatively well in the Petri dish tests, where other cues (i.e., visual, gustatory or tactile) were present. In contrast, the introduced beetle L. suturalis showed high host-specificity in both Y-tube and Petri dish assays. This study illustrates the importance of VOCs in mediating interactions between introduced and native species, suggesting that invasive plants can disrupt native plants' communication and affect the host-searching behaviour of native insects. It also reinforces the relevance of regular host testing on introduced weed biocontrol agents to avoid unwanted host shifts or host-range expansion.
Topics: Animals; Coleoptera; Cytisus; Introduced Species; Plants; Volatile Organic Compounds
PubMed: 36104363
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18479-z -
Small (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Apr 2016The arterial microenvironment plays a vital role in the pathology of atherosclerosis (AS). However, the interplay between the arterial microenvironment and atherogenesis...
The arterial microenvironment plays a vital role in the pathology of atherosclerosis (AS). However, the interplay between the arterial microenvironment and atherogenesis remains unclear, partially due to the gap between cell culture and animal experiments. Addressing this problem, the present study reports a microfluidic AS model reconstituting early-stage AS. Physiological or AS-prone hemodynamic conditions are recapitulated on the model. The on-chip model recaptures the atherogenic responses of endothelial cells (ECs) in ways that the Petri dish could not. Significant cytotoxicity of a clinical anti-atherosclerotic drug probucol is discovered on the model, which does not appear on Petri dish but is supported by previous clinical evidence. Moreover, the anti-AS efficiency of platinum-nanoparticles (Pt-NPs) on the model shows excellent consistency with animal experiments. The early-stage AS model shows an excellent connection between Petri dish and animal experiments and highlights its promising role in bridging fundamental AS research, drug screening, and clinical trials.
Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Biomedical Research; Cellular Microenvironment; Hemodynamics; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Hydrodynamics; Hyperglycemia; Inflammation; Mice; Microfluidics; Models, Biological; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 26890624
DOI: 10.1002/smll.201503241 -
Animal Reproduction Science Apr 2020Sterlet Acipenser ruthenus was used to assess egg and embryo development when incubated at 17 °C in Petri dishes placed in a hatchery tank (300 L recirculating...
Sterlet Acipenser ruthenus was used to assess egg and embryo development when incubated at 17 °C in Petri dishes placed in a hatchery tank (300 L recirculating dechlorinated water) with incubation occurring in a static tabletop system in an air-conditioned laboratory, or in a 700 L Q-cell incubator. Eggs in each dish were placed in a plastic box with 300 mL dechlorinated water. Separated eggs from three individual females were fertilized using pooled sperm from four males with there being four replicates. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in mean percentages of neurulation and embryos undergoing cleavage for eggs incubated in the hatchery tank and with use of the static tabletop system. Furthermore, there were no differences (P > 0.05) in percentage of embryos undergoing cleavage, neurulation and hatching for each female when eggs were incubated using the two systems. Results indicate a Petri dish placed in a small plastic box with 300 mL of dechlorinated water was adequate for incubation of sterlet eggs. Results of the study also indicate that with the static system: 1) eggs should be fertilized from each female to retain individual identity; 2) eggs should be dispersed in Petri dishes to avoid clumping; 3) water should be changed at 24 h, but not at 48 h (neurulation) post-fertilization; and 4) embryos that do not optimally develop should be removed the day after neurulation (72 h of post-fertilization period) and water should be exchanged every day subsequent to the 48 h time-point post-fertilization.
Topics: Animal Husbandry; Animals; Aquaculture; Embryonic Development; Female; Fishes; Male; Ovum
PubMed: 32216936
DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106334 -
Journal of Bacteriology Feb 1941
PubMed: 16560394
DOI: 10.1128/jb.41.2.155-171.1941