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Dermatologic Therapy 2004The principles of humectancy, emolliency, and occlusion, all central to stratum corneum (SC) maintenance, continue to drive the development of novel moisturizing... (Review)
Review
The principles of humectancy, emolliency, and occlusion, all central to stratum corneum (SC) maintenance, continue to drive the development of novel moisturizing technologies. Humectants promote water retention within the SC, whereas occlusives generally minimize water loss to the external environment. The complementary occlusive activity of emollients contributes to SC hydration as well. Moisturization technologies, ranging from face care to hand and body care, vary in the types and levels of humectants, emollients (including lipids), and occlusives; accordingly, their therapeutic effects differ as well. Emulsification of these components into a single formulation-the technologies of which are as varied as their individual components-is thought to enhance the aesthetics of the moisturizer and its overall moisturization efficiency. The present article reviews the current approaches to SC moisturization, increasingly viewed as critical to its structural and functional integrity, and to fundamental skin care.
Topics: Dermatologic Agents; Emollients; Emulsions; Glycerol; Humans; Petrolatum; Skin Care; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Surface-Active Agents; Water Loss, Insensible
PubMed: 14728699
DOI: 10.1111/j.1396-0296.2004.04s1006.x -
Journal of the American Pharmaceutical... Apr 1949
Topics: Mineral Oil
PubMed: 18138567
DOI: 10.1016/s0095-9561(16)31803-5 -
Pharmaceutical Research Oct 2018Ophthalmic ointments are unique in that they combine features of topical drug delivery, the ophthalmic route and ointment (semisolid) formulations. Accordingly, these... (Review)
Review
Ophthalmic ointments are unique in that they combine features of topical drug delivery, the ophthalmic route and ointment (semisolid) formulations. Accordingly, these complex formulations are challenging to develop and evaluate and therefore it is critically important to understand their physicochemical properties as well as their in vitro drug release characteristics. Previous reports on the characterization of ophthalmic ointments are very limited. Although there are FDA guidance documents and USP monographs covering some aspects of semisolid formulations, there are no FDA guidance documents nor any USP monographs for ophthalmic ointments. This review summarizes the physicochemical and in vitro profiling methods that have been previously reported for ophthalmic ointments. Specifically, insight is provided into physicochemical characterization (rheological parameters, drug content and content uniformity, and particle size of the API in the finished ointments) as well as important considerations (membranes, release media, method comparison, release kinetics and discriminatory ability) in in vitro release testing (IVRT) method development for ophthalmic ointments. Graphical Abstract Summary of the physicochemcial profiling and in vitro drug release testing (IVRT) for ophthalmic ointments.
Topics: Administration, Ophthalmic; Administration, Topical; Animals; Drug Compounding; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Liberation; Humans; Ointments; Particle Size; Petrolatum; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Rheology
PubMed: 30324424
DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2513-3 -
California Medicine Aug 1961
Topics: Foreign Bodies; Granuloma; Humans; Medical Records; Mineral Oil; Peritoneal Cavity; Petrolatum
PubMed: 13778798
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Ophthalmology Dec 1994The case of a 7-month-old infant illustrates the diagnostic findings, including magnetic resonance imaging, and the difficulties of treating congenital corneal...
PURPOSE/METHODS
The case of a 7-month-old infant illustrates the diagnostic findings, including magnetic resonance imaging, and the difficulties of treating congenital corneal anesthesia.
RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS
The diagnosis of sporadic idiopathic congenital corneal anesthesia was one of exclusion. Normal gasserian ganglia were demonstrated on magnetic resonance imaging. Visual rehabilitation was successful with continuous lubrication, arm splinting at bedtime, and treatment of amblyopia. It continues to be essential for the parents to monitor the corneal status.
Topics: Cornea; Female; Humans; Hypesthesia; Infant; Mineral Oil; Petrolatum
PubMed: 7977617
DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)72570-x -
Archives of Dermatology Oct 1985
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Facial Paralysis; Humans; Male; Petrolatum
PubMed: 2931052
DOI: No ID Found -
Contact Dermatitis Apr 2014
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Patch Tests; Petrolatum; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; Thiazoles
PubMed: 24628347
DOI: 10.1111/cod.12188 -
Journal of the American Pharmaceutical... Jul 1948
Topics: Mineral Oil; Phenol; Phenols; Solubility
PubMed: 18872620
DOI: 10.1016/s0095-9561(16)31575-4 -
Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the... Aug 2016Oleaginous white petrolatum ointment (WP ointment) is one of the most commonly used dosage forms in the preparation of topical products. In general, WP ointments...
Oleaginous white petrolatum ointment (WP ointment) is one of the most commonly used dosage forms in the preparation of topical products. In general, WP ointments containing medium chain fatty acid triglycerides (MCT) are manufactured through a process of melting, mixing, agitating, and cooling. To investigate the pharmaceutical properties of WP ointments in greater detail, we examined manufacturing factors which could potentially influence the pharmaceutical properties of the finished product. WP ointment samples containing 10% MCT were stirred with a homogenizer and a paddle mixer at 65°C, then the homogenizer was stopped. Next, the paddle-mixer was stopped at several planned temperature points at which different samples were taken. Each sample was then cooled under the following planned conditions: rapid-cooling [-50°C/h] and slow-cooling [-7.5°C/h]. The pharmaceutical properties of each WP ointment sample, along with the appearance (Optical/digital microscope), hardness (Rheometer), and bleeding ability (100 Mesh wire-net cone) were measured. Then, release profiles were performed with a WP ointment using the model active ingredient Vitamin D. As a result, high hardness, low bleeding ability and low release profile were observed in the WP ointment samples that were manufactured under the condition of stopping the paddle-mixer at 40°C. However, the influence of cooling speed was observed to affect only hardness. Through optical microscopic observation, it was found that the appearance of WP ointment samples differed depending on the conditions under which they were manufactured. In this study, it was clear that the pharmaceutical properties of WP ointment samples were particularly influenced by the paddle-mixer stopping temperature.
Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Crystallization; Fatty Acids; Ointment Bases; Ointments; Petrolatum; Technology, Pharmaceutical; Temperature; Triglycerides
PubMed: 27193304
DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.15-00247 -
Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD Feb 2013An appropriate selection of topical agents for wound care is important to promote uncomplicated healing. Petrolatum-based ointments, such as Aquaphor Healing Ointment... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
An appropriate selection of topical agents for wound care is important to promote uncomplicated healing. Petrolatum-based ointments, such as Aquaphor Healing Ointment (AHO) and white petroleum jelly, are commonly employed to keep wounds moist postoperatively. While they have beneficial properties for wound healing, they also may cause wound redness and swelling. We decided to evaluate for wound reactivity postoperatively for these 2 commonly used petrolatum-based ointments. We found that surgical wounds treated with AHO had a higher incidence of wound redness (52%) than those treated with plain white petrolatum (12%).
Topics: Cicatrix; Dermatologic Agents; Humans; Mohs Surgery; Ointment Bases; Petrolatum; Postoperative Care; Prospective Studies; Skin; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 23377388
DOI: No ID Found